Diemel
The Diemel is a 110.5 km long, western and orographically left tributary of the Weser in Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany . It is the first, so southernmost, of the larger Weser tributaries after the creation of the same through the confluence of the Fulda and Werra .
etymology
In historical sources, the Diemel is also mentioned as Dimel, Dymel, Dimella, Dimola and Timella . According to F. Witt and Ludwig Schneider, the Old Saxon adjective "thimm" for "dark" is the origin of the name Diemel; the root can also be found in the verb "dimming", which comes from English and goes back to the same root. Similar names in field names can be found for Melbeck in the Lüneburg Heath .
geography
course
Diemel spring
The Diemel rises in the north-western part of northern Hesse about 300 m north of the border with Westphalia in the north-eastern part of the Rothaargebirge . Its source , the "Diemelquelle", lies on the seam line of the mountain regions Upland and Sauerland , which are the northeastern foothills of the Rhenish Slate Mountains . It is located on the southern edge of the Diemelsee Nature Park, almost 2.5 km south-southwest of the Willingen district of Usseln . At around 660 m above sea level. NN height it flows from the northeast slope of the 739.3 m high mountain Auf'm Knoll in the west or the northwest slope of the 775.3 m high mountain Kahle Pön in the east. The Uplandsteig leads past the source .
About 150 meters south of the Diemel source is located at about 680 m height, the source of a rivulet , which like that of the Diemel source springing river also named Diemel bears and loud Diemel to its source Kilometrierung the 110.5 km river length refers. About 150 m south-southwest of it - on the west shoulder of Kahle Pön facing the Auf'm Knoll mountain - directly north of the North Hessian-Westphalian border stands the Graf-Stolberg-Hütte (approx. 704 m ), a mountain inn belonging to Usseln.
Watershed:
The source area of the Diemel lies on the Diemel-Eder / Fulda / Weser watershed . This means that the Diemel, which flows to the northeast, drains directly into the Weser , while the water of the streams rising south of the mountain takes a south detour through the Wilde Aa (called from the middle course of the Aar), which rises a few kilometers further south-west from Krutenberg flows in eastern directions, as well as through the Orke , Eder and Fulda makes the Weser.
The source of the Diemel is - contrary to other statements - not on the Rhine-Weser watershed , because this runs a little further southwest over the Hopperkopf and there bends south to the Hille- and Ruhrkopf .
Upper course
Initially, the Diemel flows downhill in the northwestern part of Hesse within the Waldeck-Frankenberg district to Usseln, where it first crosses the Uplandbahn and then the 251 federal road . Then it runs northeast through a valley section in which Hemmighausen (district of Willingen), Deisfeld and Giebringhausen (district of Diemelsee ) are located. After the Holzbach flows into it , its water, coming from the south, reaches the Diemelsee , into which the Hagen-Bicke flows initially and then the Itter, which flows in from the southwest . Shortly before the dam of the Diemel dam, the north Hessian-Westphalian border runs through this reservoir, after which the river flows into North Rhine-Westphalia in the Hochsauerlandkreis .
Middle course
Below the dam, the Diemel flows through northeast of the Eisenberg ( 594.6 m ) and thus from Helminghausen through a deeply cut valley section. It was planned to build another reservoir there, which was not implemented. Apart from Helminghausen there are no villages in this valley; only Padberg and Giershagen are on hills near the valley. There, the Diemel is first fed by the Rhene coming from the south and then - after passing the Marsberg-Giershagen plant of the Wepa paper factory , which is located in front of the confluence of the Silberbach - from the Hoppecke flowing from the west . From now on, the river will be accompanied by the Upper Ruhr Valley Railway , which crosses it twice, and by federal highway 7 .
The Diemel then leaves the Diemelsee Nature Park , flowing southeast of the Sintfeld . It runs through Marsberg , where the Glinde joins, and arrives at Westheim . There it runs partly on the North Hessian-Westphalian border and reaches the town of Diemelstadt , located on this border in Hesse . After passing the Billinghausen estate and crossing under the federal motorway 44 (Diemeltalbrücke; 100 m long), the Diemel touches the Wrexen district immediately to the north, where the Orpe, coming from the south, joins the north-eastern outskirts . To the north of this town are the southern foothills of the Eggegebirge , on which the southern part of the Teutoburg Forest / Eggegebirge nature park extends; its southern limit lies in the Diemeltal. From now on the river runs through the Warburg Börde .
Lower course
The Diemel then returns to North Rhine-Westphalia and thus to the Höxter district in an increasingly extensive landscape . After taking in the Hammerbach below Scherfede -West and the Naure to Ossendorf , it crosses under the federal road 252 . Then the Twiste flowing in from the south joins the southern edge of the Warburg town center and, after crossing under the B 7, the Calenberger Bach coming from the same direction shortly before Uhlenburg . Below that, the Diemel passes the Desenberg to the north , a striking cone mountain with the Desenberg castle ruins . It runs along the Kassel – Warburg railway line , which crosses the river once after the Diemelmühle . A little further downstream, it reaches the North Hessian-Westphalian border again, where the Eggel, coming from the north, joins before Haueda . There the Diemel leaves the Warburger Börde and arrives in the northern Hessian district of Kassel . The Vombach flows into the Liebenau core city from the north and the warmth coming from the south immediately after the Hof Hünscheburg below it . Then the Hofgeismar city forest on the right rises opposite the Alster tributary coming from the north .
Then the Esse, coming from the south, joins the Diemel at Trammen ; From Stammen downstream to the mouth of the Diemel, the Carlsbahn, branching off the Kassel – Warburg railway, used to run on the right side of the river . The Diemel then runs through Trendelburg , where Trendelburg Castle stands and the river crosses under the federal highway 83 . The Holzape, which comes from the south-east, then flows into the Wülmersen district . After flowing through a valley on the northwestern edge of the Reinhardswald , in which the Sababurg stands, it reaches Helmarshausen with the Krukenburg .
muzzle
After the last bend in the river below the Bad Karlshafen colony of Nollendorf, the Diemel reaches the Bad Karlshafen town center, where it crosses the B7 federal highway on the left bank of the river . Shortly afterwards opens it when Weser kilometer 44.68 directly below the Hessian cliffs to about 95.6 m height in the upper Weser . There is a difference in altitude of about 564.4 m between the source and the mouth. At the mouth, the Diemel has an average discharge of around 15.7 m³ / s.
Catchment area and tributaries
The catchment area of the Diemel, which is around 70% in Hesse and around 30% in North Rhine-Westphalia, is 1,761.964 km². Their tributaries include, viewed downstream (data - if not otherwise stated - according to the individual records mentioned in the table header):
| Surname | page | Length (km) |
Source | Muzzle | Estuarine location ( Location ) |
Stat. ( km ) |
EZG ( km² ) |
GKZ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| height (m above sea level ) | ||||||||
| Mülmecke | right | 4.1 km | 619 m | 439 m | Hemmighausen (u) | km 101.1 | 5.22 km² | 44-112 |
| Nerdarbach | right | 1.6 km | 539 m | 425 m | Deisfeld (i) | km 99.6 | ||
| Holzbach | Left | 5.0 km | 560 m | 380 m | Giebringhausen (u) | km 94.9 | 6.579 km² | 44-114 |
| Hagen-Bicke | Left | 2.5 km | 558 m | 376.2 m | Giebringhausen (u) | km 93.55 | 4.67 km² | 44-132 |
|
Itter (Itterbach) |
Left | 19.3 km | 760 m | 376.2 m | Giebringhausen (u) | km 91.85 | 52.065 km² | 44-14 |
| Twibicke | Left | 2.4 km | 435 m | 308 m | Helminghausen (u) | km 85.4 | ||
| Rhene | right | 15.0 km | 550 m | 302.0 m | Padberg (n) | km 83.95 | 59.297 km² | 44-18 |
| Kalle Boke | right | 2.4 km | 411 m | 287 m | Giershagen (n) | km 81.35 | 44-192 | |
| Silberbach | right | 1.9 km | 362 m | 277 m | Giershagen (n) | km 79.6 | 44-194 | |
| Hoppecke | Left | 34.7 km | 778 m | 268 m | Bredelar (u) | km 78.1 | 92.371 km² | 44-2 |
| Momeke | Left | 4.4 km | 460 m | 264 m | Marsberg (o) | km 74.5 | 44-3122 | |
| Grenzbach | Left | 1.7 km | 369 m | 252 m | Marsberg (i) | km 73.65 | 44-3142 | |
|
Dütlingsbach (Erlenbach) |
Left | 4.4 km | 460 m | 251.5 m | Marsberg (i) | km 73.5 | 44-316 | |
| Glinde | right | 8.3 km | 359.5 m | 247.5 m | Marsberg (i) | km 72.3 | 35.337 km² | 44-32 |
| Hamecke | Left | 2.5 km | 421 m | 248 m | Marsberg (i) | km 71.7 | 44-3312 | |
| Dustke | Left | 2.3 km | 371 m | 245 m | Marsberg (i) | km 70.1 | 44-33142 | |
| Rummecke | Left | 3.5 km | 361 m | 234 m | Marsberg (i) | km 68.9 | 44-3316 | |
| Kallenthal | right | 3.7 km | 305 m | 228 m | Westheim (o) | km 67.2 | 6.538 km² | 44-332 |
| Dahlbach | Left | 5.7 km | 360 m | 218 m | Westheim (u) | km 64.7 | 6.47 km² | 44-334 |
| Laundry stream | Left | 5.6 km | 355 m | 211 m | Westheim (u) | km 62.95 | 10.286 km² | 44-336 |
| Steinbach | Left | 2.7 km | 323 m | 201 m | Scherfede -West (o) | km 59.7 | 44-33922 | |
| Pölingserbach | Left | 3.6 km | 329 m | 201 m | Scherfede-West (o) | km 59.7 | 44-33924 | |
| Mahnebach | Left | 1.4 km | 262 m | 200 m | Scherfede-West (o) | km 59.7 | 44-33926 | |
| Orpe | right | 19.1 km | 366 m | 196.5 m | Wrexen (u) | km 59.05 | 98.137 km² | 44-34 |
| Hammerbach | Left | 7.2 km | 392 m | 192 m | Scherfede-West (n) | km 57.65 | 23.363 km² | 44-369 |
| Springbach | Left | 2.4 km | 229 m | 189 m | Scherfede (b) | km 53.6 | 44-3812 | |
| Naure | Left | 8.7 km | 272 m | 176 m |
Ossendorf (n) to Pfennigsmühle |
km 51.3 | 44-382 | |
| Ohme | Left | 6.3 km | 227 m | 175 m | Ossendorf (b) | km 51.3 | 13.575 km² | 44-384 |
| Kälberbach | right | 5.9 km | 249 m | 163 m | Germete (b) | km 48.45 | 11.088 km² | 44-392 |
| Twist | right | 40.8 km | 485 m | 159 m | Warburg (i) | km 46.75 | 446.731 km² | 44-4 |
|
Sielheimer Siek (Siekbach) |
Left | 6.0 km | 233 m | 158 m | Warburg (i) | km 46.25 | 44-512 | |
|
Calenberger Bach (Fließbach, Holsterbach) |
right | 9.1 km | 266 m | 158 m | Warburg (u) | km 45 | 34.008 km² | 44-52 |
| Eggel | Left | 17.4 km | 230 m | 148 m | Haueda (o) | km 37.3 | 107.024 km² | 44-54 |
| Vombach | Left | 7.8 km | 216 m | 141 m | Liebenau (i) | km 33.4 | 19.534 km² | 44-592 |
| Warmth | right | 32.9 km | 411 m | 140 m | Liebenau (u) | km 32.1 | 157.515 km² | 44-6 |
| Alster | Left | 7.2 km | 233 m | 139 m | Lamerden (i) | km 28.6 | 16.121 km² | 44-72 |
| Eat | right | 27.6 km | 260 m | 120.6 m | Sielen (u) | km 19.1 | 192.16 km² | 44-8 |
| Kampgrund | right | 5.8 km | 261 m | 120 m | Stem (b) | km 19.05 | 7.331 km² | 44-912 |
| Friedrichsfeld Bach | right | 1.5 km | 180 m | 118 m | Trendelburg (i) | km 17.05 | 5.604 km² | 44-914 |
|
Trout stream (Narrenbach) |
Left | 4.9 km | 200 m | 113 m | Deisel (u) | km 12.45 | 18.421 km² | 44-92 |
| Holzape | right | 22.8 km | 410 m | 111 m | Wülmersen (b) | km 9.65 | 59.207 km² | 44-94 |
| Knickgraben | Left | 1.4 km | 199 m | 110 m | Wülmersen (u) | km 8.9 | 44-952 | |
| Höllebach | Left | 2.7 km | 190 m | 110 m | Wülmersen (u) | km 8.15 | 44-954 | |
| Hainbach | Left | 4.4 km | 187 m | 106 m | Helmarshausen (b) | km 4.05 | 44-972 | |
| Abbreviations: Position: o = above from, i = im, u = below from, n = near that, b = at the mouth; Stat. = Muzzle stationing | ||||||||
cities and communes
Cities and municipalities with localities on or near the Diemel are
(viewed downstream; K = core city; n = near the Diemel):
|
history
Geographically, the Diemel lies in a river landscape that is around 240 million years old. The source region lies in the Rhenish Slate Mountains and is assigned to the Devonian and Carboniferous periods .
An early documentary mention as Timella can be found in 797 for a camp of Charlemagne (Karolus) near Herstelle . On 16./17. In July 1965, the Heinrich flood , during which all previously known water levels were exceeded, caused very serious damage in the entire Diemel valley.
Dams and power station
The Diemel catchment area includes a total of three dams :
- Dam Schmala on the Schmala, Hochsauerlandkreis, North Rhine-Westphalia
- Diemelsee on the Diemel, Waldeck-Frankenberg / Hochsauerlandkreis, Hesse / North Rhine-Westphalia
- Twistesee on the Twiste, Waldeck-Frankenberg district, Hesse
Around 400 m northwest of Wülmersen , a little east of federal highway 83 and close to the dead end access road to Wülmersen, the Diemel power plant Wülmersen, which has been in operation since 1921, has a small dam and generates around 565 kW of electricity with its three turbines.
Navigability and water sports
The section Stammen (before Trendelburg) to Bad Karlshafen was made navigable from 1710 to 1723 through expansion, accompanying canals and locks and was part of the Landgraf-Carl Canal, which was planned but never completed from the Lahn to the Weser .
In the middle course of the Diemel, the navigability depends on the water output of the power station of the Diemel dam , so that the river section can be navigated with kayaks at 3 to 4 m³ / s.
The lower course of the Diemel from Warburg is navigable all year round for sport boats ( kayaks and Canadians ) and a worthwhile destination for canoeists. Some weirs are difficult to carry . At the Diemel power plant in Wülmersen near Wülmersen, a transport route has been created. There are boat rentals and guided paddle tours. On May 1, 2007, new navigation rules came into force for the lower Hessian river between Haueda and Bad Karlshafen. Since then, private boaters have been subject to a quota and have to register with the Kassel regional council via the Internet, for example. A water level in Helmarshausen of 173 cm is a prerequisite for access. This correlates with the red-green water level indicators at the entrances (access only when “green”).
level
The waterways and shipping authority Hann. Münden operates several gauges to record the water level as well as the inflows and outflows of the Diemel reservoir. The water levels are accessible online and are recorded for the following locations:
- The inflow of the Diemel is recorded with the Wilhelmsbrücke gauge .
- The inflow of the Itter is recorded with the Kotthausen gauge .
- The water level of the Diemel reservoir is measured with the Diemel reservoir level .
- The discharge into the Diemel is determined using the Helminghausen gauge .
In the lower reaches of the Diemel no further officially accessible water levels are determined; From the difference between the water levels in Karlshafen and Wahmbeck, conclusions can be drawn about the contribution of the Diemel to the water flow of the Weser.
Oddities
What is interesting about the upper reaches of the Diemel is that up to its confluence with the Diemelsee it is much shorter than Itter and Hoppecke (the main tributaries in the Diemel upper course) with their source streams, so that especially the Hoppecke - if you look at the length considered - the actual Diemel source river is.
Trivia
Both the Diemel and the Orpe find extensive literary mention in John von Düffel's novel Vom Wasser (1998).
Worth seeing
Excursion destinations and sights directly on or not far from the Diemel are the Diemelsee , the ruins of Desenberg Castle , the Trendelburg , the cloudbursts near Trendelburg , the Wülmersen moated castle , the former Benedictine monastery in Helmarshausen , the ruins of the Krukenburg and the baroque town of Bad Karlshafen .
Along the Diemel leads - from the source to the mouth - the Diemel bike path .
References and comments
- ↑ a b Location: Diemelquelle 660 m … , source height according to the sign at the Diemelquelle , on media05.myheimat.de
-
↑ a b Hiking and Leisure in the Solling-Vogler Nature Park , Topographical Map (1: 50,000; 1975),
Ed .: Lower Saxony State Administration Office - State Surveying - ↑ a b c d e f Topographical Information Management, Cologne District Government, Department GEObasis NRW ( information )
- ^ Deutsches Gewässerkundliches Jahrbuch Weser-Ems 2012. Lower Saxony State Office for Water Management, Coastal and Nature Conservation, p. 150, accessed on October 4, 2017 (PDF, German, 6523 kB).
- ↑ Water profile and program of measures 44.1 ( Memento from January 1, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) ( Notes ) → Overview of all Hessian river systems (PDF, 1.7 MB) lower Diemel
- ↑ Ludwig Schneider: names of places and waters in the district of Lüneburg , municipality of Ilmenau (PDF; 13.62 MB)
- ↑ a b Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ a b c Flowing waters of the Diemel according to the water station map (Stat.) In Topographical Information Management, Cologne District Government, Department GEObasis NRW ( information )
- ↑ a b Water map service of the Hessian Ministry for the Environment, Climate Protection, Agriculture and Consumer Protection ( information )
- ↑ a b Water directory of the State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection NRW 2010 (XLS; 4.67 MB) ( Notes )
- ↑ For a better overview and sorting downstream, a hyphen has been inserted for each river in the water code number (GKZ) after the number "44", which stands for the Diemel .
- ^ German basic map (DGK 5) in Topographical Information Management, Cologne District Government, Department GEObasis NRW ( information )
- ↑ a b mouth position: in the Diemelsee
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Mouth position: in a Mühlkanal (Mühlengraben, Mühlgraben) of the Diemel
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Kilometric position: mouth of the Mühlkanal, which runs parallel to the Diemel, into which the inflow flows (instead of the mouth of the Diemel inflow)
- ↑ The Dütlingsbach [ water directory of the State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection NRW 2010 (XLS; 4.67 MB) ( information )] ends with the sub-name Erlenbach according to the water stationing map (stat.) In topographical information management, Cologne district government, department GEObasis NRW ( information ) in the diemel. The 4.4 km long stream relates to its course together with the Upper Dütlingsbach ; its longest tributary is the Untere Dütlingsbach (1.7 km).
- ↑ Geographic information on the Diemel region in the Geopark Region Nordwaldeck , on geopark-waldeck-frankenberg.de
- ↑ Inventory: Groundwater body ( Memento of the original from July 9, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. from MKULNV NRW (Ministry of the Environment) , on river areas.nrw.de
- ↑ JB Weiss: On the history of German people's rights in the Middle Ages , Schaffhausen, 1866, p. 225, on archive.org
- ^ Water sports in North Hesse ( Memento from December 26, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Water sports in North Hesse waters , from kanu-nordhessen.de
-
↑ a b c d Water and Shipping Office Hannoversch-Münden: current level (pegelonline.wsv.de):
Wilhelmsbrücke , Kotthausen , Diemeltalsperre and Helminghausen
Web links
- Level at Haueda on the HLUG side
- Level near Helmarshausen on the HLUG side
- Diemel flood action plan ( Memento of September 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 1.93 MB), on archive.org