Usseln

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Usseln
Municipality Willingen (Upland)
Coordinates: 51 ° 17 ′ 0 ″  N , 8 ° 40 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 587  (520-832)  m above sea level NHN
Area : 22.18 km²
Residents : 1697  (Jan. 18, 2018)
Population density : 77 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1971
Incorporated into: Upland
Postal code : 34508
Area code : 05632
Panorama of Usseln from the Kahler Pön to the south
Panorama of Usseln from the Kahler Pön to the south

Usseln is a district of the municipality of Willingen (Upland) in the Waldeck-Frankenberg district in northern Hesse . Usseln is a health resort and winter sports resort .

geography

location

Usseln is located in the north-western part of Hesse in the north-eastern foothills of the Rothaargebirge in the mountain region Upland, not far from the interface with the Sauerland . It is located in the Diemelsee Nature Park about 4 km southeast of Willingen and about 14.5 km west of the central town of Korbach in North Hesse (both as the crow flies ).

With mountains up to 843.2  m above sea level. NHN ( Langenberg ), the region is one of the highest locations in the Upper Sauerland. The highest mountain near Usseln is the 832.3  m high Hopperkopf , the summit of which rises exactly on the state border with North Rhine-Westphalia ; The Kahle Pön is also directly on the border with 774  m and limits the place to the south; north of Usseln is the Hessian Osterkopf ( 708.5  m ). The village, which is traversed in a south-north direction by the upper reaches of the Diemel , is 580 to 620  m high.

Transport links

  • Road : Usseln is on the B 251 , which leads from Kassel via Korbach and Willingen (Hesse) to Brilon (North Rhine-Westphalia)
  • Railway : Usseln has a railway connection via the Korbach - Brilon-Wald line ( Uplandbahn ). From November 1999 the railway line was closed due to safety deficiencies, including at the Usselner Viaduct , and it has only been in operation again since December 2003 after major renovations.

history

Early days and founding

The discovery of a hand ax in Usseln proves that hunters and gatherers were already around 7000 BC. Moved through the Upland . However , settlement only began in the 1st to 5th centuries AD , especially towards the end of the migration of peoples around 375 AD through Saxons , Cherusci and Vossen .

Population development
year Residents
1449 29 houses
1541 34 houses
1602 56 houses
1620 69 houses
300 - 350 Ew.
1648 26 houses
120 - 150 Ew.
1725 350-400
1748 480
1760 450
1770 500
1818 519
1826 778
1846 683
1867 676
1885 728
1900 726
1921 883
1933 894
1941 1081
1948 1306
1955 1138
1961 1149
1970 1 1264
1987 1432
2004 2106
1 1970 with Hemmighausen: 1374

The parish church in Usseln with the Kilians patronage was built in the 9th century. The parish belonged within the diocese of Paderborn to the archdeaconate Horhusen. The place is first mentioned in a document, however, in a Count's Waldeck fiefdom from the years 1332 to 1348, in which the Lords of Rhena are shown as tithe . Usseln was initially only a single property, typical of the Upland , which was settled late as a hostile landscape.

From 1100 Usseln was under the county (later principality) of Waldeck . Around this time, the three small towns Aestenfelde , Otmarkusen and Wakenfeld were built near Usseln . Aestenfelde and Otmarkusen had their own church. All three places were abandoned long before the Thirty Years War . They became devastation ; the place names exist as field names on.

Economic rise of Usseln

In the 14th century the Usseln church was built as a stone structure ( three-aisled basilica ), some parts (choir and parts of the central nave) are still there. Usseln became more and more the ecclesiastical and economic center of the Upland and the wider area.

For this reason, Usseln became the seat of a market and a free court , to which 12 places belonged. In 1367 Count Otto II spoke of his county of Usseln ("grapschapft to Uslon"). In 1510 the Usselner church mill was first mentioned in the land register, even if the mill had existed for much longer. The mill was leased until 1903, when it was sold to the Wilke milling family, who had been tenants for centuries.

In 1537, Usseln became part of the Flechtdorf Gogericht. Five years later the entire village of Usseln was summoned to the Eisenberg and interrogated because wood had been felled without permission. In 1548 there was a petition “the poor Underdanen of the whole Kespel zu Usseln” to the authorities because of the heavy burdens, low wages and high prices.

On August 15, 1549, the Büren incursion into Usseln. Because of border disputes with the county of Düdinghausen , the gentlemen von Büren moved into Usseln with 100 men and robbed a lot of cattle (324 cattle, 24 horses, 200 sheep, 10 goats); part was later returned. The subsequent proceedings before the Reich Chamber of Commerce took a long time.

The construction of an ironworks in Stryck began around 1550, and in 1562 the ironworks on the Alten Hagen was built, where 4,000 to 6,000 quintals of iron were extracted annually. Due to the wood required for iron extraction with Adorfer Eisenstein and Upländer wood ( charcoal ), the deciduous forests around Usseln have been cut down over the years without new plantings being carried out as part of a regulated forestry. The deforested areas were conquered by the heather . The heather was then chopped off for centuries and used as bedding for cattle. Heathland was later reclaimed for agriculture.

"Between Dittmarshausen and the Pön, on the Diemel near Usseln," silver was also mined after 1596, and the Upland traveling trade gradually arose, initially with small iron parts, then increasingly with linen .

Decline in the Thirty Years War

During the Thirty Years War (1618 to 1648) the place was plundered several times, including by Bavarian soldiers in 1622, 43 of 69 houses were destroyed. Due to plague epidemics and famine, the number of inhabitants of Usseln fell by two thirds and many fields were fallow. The place was slow to recover from this setback.

In addition, 14 houses and the church burned down in Usseln on November 1, 1642. Of the three church bells, two fell and broke, one melted. It was believed at the time that the fire was started by strangers in order to distract the village community because of an intended theft or assault. In 1650, no service could be held in the church because the roof, which had been covered with thatch, was rotting from rain and snow. A new rectory was only built in 1710.

The centuries-long border disputes between the Principality of Waldeck and the Duchy of Westphalia were resolved by the Ussel settlement of 19/29. Finished July 1664. Among other things, the Glindfeld Monastery waived its rights to the Alter Hagen .

Usseln was also ravaged by the Seven Years' War , when French, Prussian and British soldiers destroyed harvests and committed acts of violence in 1759/60.

In 1844 there was a great fire that killed 44 houses, half of the town. The district east (right) of the Diemel was affected. Afterwards a kind of development plan was drawn up by the princely administration for the reconstruction of the destroyed houses. The conflagration brought further hardship and misery to the village in the already very bad times. All over Waldeck, “for the poor burned down in Usseln” was collected. In Korbach even fireworks for the "best of those who burned down from Usseln" were organized.

During the spring revolution of 1848 , the Uplanders sided with the Princely House. On April 19, a large group of uplanders marched "under the leadership of the mountain factor Rock vom Herrnwiesenhammer" to Arolsen to make themselves available to the Princess. They were armed with flails, straightened scythes and other objects converted into weapons. They were quartered and fed in the princely riding school in Arolsen. The next day they were able to move back to the Upland without fighting. Pastor Steinmetz from Usseln was elected to the constituent assembly in Arolsen in April.

modernization

Around 1850 the connecting road between Korbach and Brilon was built as a "state road" (later Reichsstraße 251, now Bundesstraße 251). This connection opened a post office in 1873, and from 1876 there was also a regular personal mail service .

Around 1875 a doctor settled in Usseln, and in 1883 Usseln received a public telephone. A telephone connection with Willingen was created and opened in 1898; Sparkasse Korbach opened a branch in the Küthe-Hertigen house in Usseln.

After years of demands from the school inspectorate, the community built a new school in 1911/12 (the current elementary school). In the following years Usseln received a central water supply system and was connected to the electricity and rail network.

time of the nationalsocialism

The Usseln local group of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) was founded in 1928 and received 68.92% of the votes in the Reichstag election in March 1933 . A year later, the community built a labor camp opposite the sports field , which was rented by the Reich Labor Service and occupied by around 250 men. Before that, the labor service men were temporarily housed in the rifle hall. After the Second World War, around 250 displaced persons and refugees were housed in the barracks. The last part of the camp was demolished in 1969.

On March 29, 1945, American troops entered Usseln from the south. Shortly afterwards, German soldiers blew up the road bridge over the railway across the street. It was rebuilt in 1945, demolished in 2004 and replaced by a new bridge. During the Second World War, 61 Usselner died or went missing on all fronts.

After the Second World War, tourism gained economic importance for the place and became the most important economic factor.

Economic history

The history of Usseln and the entire Upland was shaped by the great poverty of the inhabitants until well into the second half of the 19th century, as agriculture as a source of income is very limited due to the altitude, the stony soil, the bad weather conditions, the harsh winters and other circumstances Dropped crops. Because of many childhood illnesses that could not be treated at the time, and the very poor nutritional status, child mortality was also very high. The rough nature was also reflected in the language of the Uplands: the Low German Upland language was coarse and strong in expression.

From 1550, after the start of the iron industry, the willingness to settle in the upland increased significantly, even if the population was decimated again and again by individual events such as plague epidemics (1558), witch burnings or the tingling disease (1595). During the Thirty Years' War, the place was plundered several times, leading to famine and disease among the weakened population. At the end of the war, 43 of 69 houses in Usseln had been destroyed, the population had decreased from 300 to 350 to 120 to 150. In the following years child mortality was very high, in 1660 the average age of the deceased was around 18/19 years. In the 18th century there were again epidemics in the village, among other things by Rote Ruhr (1760, 1793/94), so that the population rose only slowly. Around 30 of the 450 to 500 people died annually, mostly children. There were multiple famines because winter came too early or summer was too wet so that the harvest could not be brought in. In the spring of 1817 the potatoes that had been planted were stolen from the earth and eaten. Many uplanders went begging to avoid starvation. Only with the beginning of winter rye cultivation around 1830 did the nutritional situation improve.

The population could not increase significantly in the following years either, because servants, maids and day laborers were rented out, even if the Princely Waldeck Government took action against "the prevalence of renting abroad" because in the Principality of Waldeck there was a lack of usable people to do servant work duration. The fire of 1867, in which half the village was destroyed, also contributed to the fact that the population did not grow any further. Only with technical innovations such as electricity and water at the beginning of the 20th century did the number of inhabitants climb to over 1000 before the Second World War. After the war, the number of refugees and displaced persons was even higher, but the number decreased again afterwards.

Territorial reform

As part of the regional reform in Hesse , the municipality of Hemmighausen voluntarily joined the municipality of Usseln on July 1, 1970 . At 31 December 1971 was Usseln with four additional locations for new community Upland together . This in turn was merged by state law on January 1, 1974 with the municipality of Willingen to form the large municipality of Willingen (Upland). Local districts were formed for all former municipalities . Willingen became the seat of the municipal administration.

religion

The following important information is missing from this article or section:
What about the Kilian's Church shown in the picture? Does the anniversary belong under religion? How is the denominational distribution? Other religious communities?
Help Wikipedia by researching and pasting it .

Usseln, Kilian's Church

In 1974 the Catholic Church of St. Sturmius was built. It is no longer used for church services. In 1988, a 650-year celebration with a ceremony and two-day historical street festival was held under the leadership of the local associations.

Culture and sights

Sights in and near Usseln include:

  • Biathlon and cross-country skiing track with shooting range (Olympic base), near the street Auf dem Roth
  • Curioseum: vintage cars, kitsch, art & clutter
  • Local museum
  • Hochheide areas on Osterkopf and Kahlem Pön
  • Kilian's Church (Protestant) with altar from 1693 by the Baroque sculptor Josias Wolrat Brützel
  • Milchmu (h) seum
  • Nature reserves Alter Hagen and Jäger's vineyard
  • Source of the Diemel between Auf'm Knoll and Kahlem Pön

societies

Fire station of the Usseln volunteer fire brigade
  • The first club was founded in 1877 with the Usseln Warrior Association (renamed to Schützenverein in 1919 , renamed to Civic Association in 1947 , then back to Schützenverein , 1973 renamed Schützengesellschaft Usseln in connection with the medieval Usselner Schützengesellschaft).
  • In 1879 the Usseln volunteer fire brigade was founded.
  • In 1883 the Eintracht men's choir was launched.
  • In 1885 the Usseln Women's Association was founded.
  • In the same year the Upland Mountain Association started its work.
  • Around 1930 there was a goat breeding association with 130 goats in Usseln. The community kept a community goat.
  • In 1913, 30 members formed the football game club . The market area served as a sports field. In the same year a winter sports department was attached to the club .
  • The Usseln gymnastics club was founded in 1920, as was a dramatic club that promoted amateur play, but only existed for a few years. The gymnastics club and the sports club merged in 1932 under the name Verein für Leibesübungen Usseln . After the Second World War, the club was re-established in 1946 with the name Turn- und Sportverein Usseln and the department Skiclub Usseln .
  • The band of the Musikverein Usseln played at festivals in Usseln and neighboring towns from 1925. The association came to a standstill during the Nazi era.
  • The Usseln winter sports club was also founded in 1935 .
  • In 1989 the Usselner Geschichts- und Heimatverein e. V. founded.

Sports

Usseln has numerous sports facilities. A soccer field is in the center of the village. Tournaments take place here regularly. There are two beach volleyball fields near the bakery that can be rented.

In the center of the village there is a heated outdoor pool that is open in the summer months. It has an area for swimmers and non-swimmers, a water slide, diving boards, a toddler area, a large sunbathing area and restaurants.

In winter you can go downhill and cross-country skiing in Usseln. The place has three lifts ( Büller Höhe , Emmet , Kahler Pön ), which are especially suitable for beginners. Equipment can be rented on site or at the lifts. There are also ski schools.

Usseln has three trails that are groomed regularly. These are the Hoher Pön (7.0 km) and Kahler Pön (8.3 km) trails, as well as a Strycktal feeder (1.5 km), via which the Willingen trails can be reached.

Regular events

  • Raising the maypole (May 1st)
  • Easter fire (Easter Sunday)
  • Children's shooting festival
  • Boys King Shooting
  • Schützen- und Heimatfest Usseln (last weekend in July)
  • Backfest and Italian Evening (August)
  • Bavarian evening
  • Big New Years ball

tourism

year Guest nights
1959 65,000
1971 115,000
1989 231,000
2000 220,000

The Upland Mountain Association was founded in 1885, one of the tasks of which was to develop the Upland for tourism. The construction of the railway line between Korbach and Brilon in 1917 and the construction of a swimming pool on the Diemel provided the conditions for tourism in Usseln. The Usselner Verkehrsverein, which also promoted tourism, was founded in 1927.

Usseln was already recognized as a climatic health resort during the Nazi era . With the construction of a ski jump and a second swimming pool in 1939, with the help of the Usseln Reich Labor Service, Usseln's popularity as a recreational destination was further increased.

Until today the ski jump has been modernized several times and ski lifts have been built. In 1976 Usseln was recognized as a climatic health resort .

In 1982 a holiday park was established and a village renewal program was started. Numerous municipal and private projects received financial support from the federal and state governments in the following years, including the redesign of the Riepen Wiese into an amusement park with miniature golf course in 1991.

In 1984 Usseln became the national winner in the competition for particularly family-friendly holidays.

In 1996/97 the main road through the town was dismantled and redesigned to significantly improve the appearance of the town. An illuminated route for cross-country skiing and biathlon has been inaugurated near the Auf dem Roth road . The facility was expanded in 2000 to include a biathlon shooting range.

The three Easter fires in Usseln are a specialty . There, three Easter fires the size of a single-family house have been burned on Easter Sunday since the 19th century. “Köpper”, “Büller” and “Schnepper” compete for the biggest and most beautiful Easter fire. Only dry spruce trunks are burned.

Personalities

literature

Web links

Commons : Usseln  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Landmark areas. (No longer available online.) In: Internet presence. Willingen municipality (Upland), archived from the original on November 4, 2018 ; accessed in November 2018 .
  2. ↑ Population of the districts. (No longer available online.) In: Internet presence. Municipality of Willingen (Upland), archived from the original on 20181102 ; accessed in November 2018 .
  3. ↑ Hans Jürgen Brandt, Karl Hengst: The Diocese of Paderborn from the Reformation to the Secularization 1532-1802 / 21. Paderborn 2007, p. 612.
  4. ^ Incorporation of the Hemmighausen community into the Usseln community, Waldeck district on June 11, 1970 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1970 No. 26 , p. 1300 , point 1226 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 7.6 MB ]).
  5. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the districts of Frankenberg and Waldeck (GVBl. II 330-23) of October 4, 1973 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1973 No. 25 , p. 359 , § 3 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 2,3 MB ]).
  6. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 409 .
  7. ↑ Curioseum. on curioseum-willingen.de
  8. ↑ Heimatmuseum - Part of the Usseln Museum World, on uslern.de
  9. ↑ Upländer Milchmuhseum. at muhseum.de
  10. ↑ Turn- und Sportverein Usseln 1913 eV on tususseln.de
  11. ↑ Cross-country skiing - an overview of the trails. on uslern.de