Helmarshausen
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Helmarshausen
City of Bad Karlshafen
Coordinates: 51 ° 37 ′ 50 ″ N , 9 ° 27 ′ 21 ″ E
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| Height : | 105 m above sea level NHN |
| Area : | 10.78 km² |
| Residents : | 1478 (Nov. 15, 2010) |
| Population density : | 137 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | August 1, 1972 |
| Postal code : | 34385 |
| Area code : | 05672 |
Helmarshausen is a district of the city of Bad Karlshafen in the northern Hessian district of Kassel and has been a state-recognized health resort since 1929 . It is one of the oldest settlements and cities in Northern Hesse.
Geographical location
Helmarshausen is located on the northern border of northern Hesse , about 40 kilometers north of Kassel . The place is located directly on the Diemel coming from the south , which flows into the Weser flowing from the east in Bad Karlshafen, 3 km away . There is also the Hainbach, which flows into the Diemel in the village.
history
The place
The name of the place probably goes back to the first settlement ( Helmerateshusa = "Houses of Helmerat"). The settlement was first mentioned in documents in 944. From 1220 the Krukenburg was built above the village . Inside this stands the architecturally interesting church, which was consecrated to John the Baptist as early as 1126 . On September 12, 1254, the town charter was confirmed in a document from Konrad von Hochstaden , Archbishop of Cologne. In 1480 a town hall with a bell tower was built. It was demolished in 1889 because of dilapidation and a new town hall was built in 1892/94, which was sold in 1971. Since 1927, the city of Helmarshausen belonged to the Hofgeismar district .
Towards the end of World War II, Helmarshausen was captured by the US Army on April 7, 1945. After the war, around 150 expellees from the Sudetenland and some from Silesia found a new home in Helmarshausen in the summer of 1946 .
On 16./17. July 1965 there was a catastrophic flood, the so-called Heinrichsflut , as a result of which the old town was protected by several flood protection dams on the Diemel.
The city's independence was lost as part of the regional reform in Hesse . Force state law, the city was Helmarshausen, the historically much older place on 1 August 1972, the city Karlshafen to the new city Karlshafen together . At the same time, he moved to the new Kassel district.
Helmarshausen Monastery
In 997 the Benedictine monastery Helmarshausen was founded near the Diemel river by the noble donors Eckehard and Mathilde. The monastery was imperial and received from Otto III. high privileges . Its heyday was in the 12th century. The monastery experienced an eventful history in the five centuries of its existence. The border location on the Weser was not always advantageous for the city and monastery. The dioceses of Paderborn , Cologne and Mainz endeavored in various constellations to expand their sphere of influence into this region. With the Reformation the monastery was dissolved in 1538.
The monastery was known for its important art workshop. Artist monks made book illuminations in the scriptorium and goldsmith's work in the workshops from precious materials for the decoration of the churches. The founder of this workshop was a monk from the Maasland who made a name for himself as a goldsmith in art history as Rogerus von Helmarshausen . His assignment as the author of the art-historically significant work, the manuscript collection Schedula Diversarum Artium, is currently very questionable (see Theophilus Presbyter ). The Gospel of Heinrich the Lion , which was written in the 12th century by the monk Herimann, comes from the Helmarshausen monastery . This is expressly mentioned in the manuscript. The Gospels were bought back from Sotheby’s in London on December 6, 1983 for the equivalent of around 16.4 million euros by the Federal Republic of Germany and for a long time was considered the most expensive book in the world . Facsimile pages of this “Super Bible” can be seen in the city church and in both local museums. The original is in the Herzog August Library in Wolfenbüttel and can only rarely be viewed in exhibitions for conservation reasons.
Jewish community
In 1850 the small Jewish community built a synagogue in the form of a half-timbered house with a bricked and plastered gable. In the course of persecution by the National Socialists, the synagogue, built in 1850, was sold in 1937 and converted into a residential building by the new owners in 1938. Julie Hohenberg (* 1882), Pina Wallhausen, born in Helmarshausen, were Jewish people who were born in Helmarshausen or who have lived for a long time. Wertheim (* 1875), Berta Wertheim b. Goldschmidt (* 1896), Emil Wertheim (* 1878), Julius Wertheim (* 1888), Kurt Wertheim (* 1924), Moritz Wertheim (* 1880), David Wilzig (* 1880) perished during the Nazi era (information according to the Lists by Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, and the information in the "Memorial Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933-1945").
Carlsbahn
The Carlsbahn opened on March 30, 1848 . This railway line along the Diemel between Hümme and Bad Karlshafen was a branching part of the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Nordbahn , later Hessische Nordbahn , from Gerstungen to Haueda . Passenger traffic was discontinued in 1966 and the line finally closed on September 27, 1986.
Attractions
- Thick oak with a chest height of 7.90 m (2014).
politics
Previous mayor
- (1600) Henrich Wiedekindt
- (1606) Motwalt Klaute
- (1622) Henrich Bischoff
- (1633) Hans Becker, "shot dead" by Croatians in 1637
- (1637–1646) Conrad Bötte
- (1646) Caspar Klincke
- (1649) Hans Feuringk
- (1667) David Lorentz Stipp (ius), had a fatal accident in the town hall in 1673.
- (1672-1692) Henrich Becker
- (1697) Lorentz Feuring
- (1701) Hans Bornemann
- (1719) Caspar Huth
- (1731) Melchior Huth
- (1734) Jörgen Pfeffer
- (1742) Henricus Francke
- (1749) Johann David Dilling
- (1751) Valentin Bornemann
- (1752) Caspar Feuring
- (1765) Henrich Mantel
- (1788) Georg Augustinus Hornung
- (1797) Christian Dilling
- (1821) Johann Dilling
- (1824) Johann Friedrich May
- (1851) Johann Christoph Franke
- (1873) Carl Christian Siegel
- (1877-1891) Carl Hille
- (1896) Adolf Bernhard Christian Olfe
- (1897–1910) Emil Siedentopf
- (1917) Adam Eckhardt
- (1921–1945) Hermann Hense
- from 1945 Oskar Vetterlein
- 1946–1952 Karl Hoppe
- 1952-1954 Paul Immel
- 1954–1967 Justus Wilhelm Krug
- 1967–1972 Willi Hold
Population development
- 1773: 699 inhabitants
- 1819: 1051
- 1827: 1092
- 1849: 1346
- 1861: 1300
- 1871: 1342
- 1885: 1302
- 1895: 1304
- 1905: 1277
- 1910: 1312
- 1919: 1257
- 1925: 1347
- 1933: 1371
- 1939: 1341
- 1958: 1694
- 1961: 1645
- 1970: 1764
- 2010: 1478
Economy and Infrastructure
Healthcare
Helmarshausen has had a local hospital since 1945, today's Helmarshausen District Hospital, belongs to the Kreiskliniken Kassel GmbH , a subsidiary of the Kommunalen Gesundheit Nordhessen Holding AG . From 2014, the Helmarshausen district hospital has been deregistered from medical care until further notice.
traffic
The federal road 83 leads through the village with a connection in Bad Karlshafen or via the district road 76 to the federal road 80 . For bicycle traffic there is the Hessian long-distance cycle path R4 (Weser-Neckar) and the Diemel cycle path from Usseln to Bad Karlshafen.
Culture and sights
architecture
The ruin Krukenburg : Castle complex from the 13th-16th centuries Century. The oldest building on the Krukenberg is the Höhenkirche in the middle, an early Romanesque baptistery. The plans to build the church, consecrated in 1126, come from the Middle East. The Church has John the Baptist as patron. In terms of building history, it is of supraregional importance with unique selling points. All buildings and fortifications are made of red and gray Weser sandstone . Below the castle ruins there is the Cafe zur Krukenburg (with a photo gallery on regional history). Church services and other cultural events take place at the castle in the summer months.
The monastery area : remains of the early Romanesque monastery complex . Founding of the Benedictine monastery in 997, consecration of the monastery church in 1011. Only a few buildings of the monastery exist today, which were built by the Ev. Parish are used (youth home, kindergarten). The roofing made of Weser sandstone slabs was renewed in 2009. Before that, from 1850 to 1966, the local elementary school was housed in the rooms of the old monastery. The shape of the ground plan of the monastery church, which was in disrepair in the 17th century and no longer exists today, has been marked above ground with Weser sandstone slabs since 2006.
Castle : To the west of the monastery grounds there was a castle after the monastery was dissolved (1540). Mirror belonged. Today this building no longer exists, only the gardens belonging to the palace. 1872–1874 a new castle was built by Gustav Adolf Reichsgraf von Bentinck and Mrs. Clara, née Clara. Countess von Wedel (mother of Kurt von Plettenberg ) built in the area of the former castle pond. After 1945 this building formed the core of the Helmarshausen Hospital, which has since been expanded.
City Church : Immediately to the east of the monastery area is today's Protestant city church. The essentially Romanesque building has undergone numerous redesigns over the centuries, including the one-nave nave that was originally two-aisled. Major alterations were made in 1467 and 1799, and the side walls and ceiling were renewed in 1895. The non-uniform-looking structure made of red sandstone with different degrees of processing is dominated by the tower, which is square in plan and ends with a gable roof with stepped gables. The interior ends with a wooden barrel ceiling, while the chancel in the tower is spanned with a groin vault. The three-sided baroque wooden gallery has a balustrade , the church organ dates from 1732. The baptismal font consists of a Romanesque column from the monastery church.
The center of Helmarshausen is still, despite some interruptions and alterations of several half-timbered houses dominated from the 16th to 18th centuries. The majority of these are hall houses , but their gate entrances are not always recorded. The oldest are Poststrasse 56 (1561), Poststrasse 24 (1585), the particularly stately gabled house Poststrasse 36 (1581) and Steinstrasse 18 (1564). The hall houses at Steinstrasse 52 (1645), 56 (1676), 30 (1710) and 28, with richly carved gate posts, are particularly impressive . Also worth mentioning are the so-called Edelhof (built in 1699) and the former town hall in the town center (1892/94). It presents itself in forms of historicism and has a massive ground floor and a half-timbered upper floor. In the winter of 1972/73, one of the most important secular buildings in the town disappeared in the back courtyard of Steinstrasse 15 : a stone house, presumably from the Romanesque period. At that time it was demolished except for the vaulted cellar, which is still preserved today. One of the most recent losses is the half-timbered house at Poststrasse 58 , which was built around 1600 . After the roof of the listed building was removed, the building was exposed to the weather for a long time and had to be torn down. Since many houses in the town center are empty and therefore left to decay, the loss of listed building stock is to be expected.
Remnants of the medieval city fortifications have been preserved on the banks of the Diemel. In addition to small remains of the wall, there is a round defensive tower.
A little outside the village, on the edge of the forest, there is a former sanatorium , which is now the Helmarshausen Youth Hostel .
The Landgraf-Carl Canal runs as a narrow waterway south of the village and the Diemel River through the meadow landscape. It was supposed to connect Carlshafen with the royal seat of Kassel. Some weirs and locks between Bad Karlshafen and Trendelburg are still relics of this ambitious project from the construction period around 1710–1730, which, however, was not completed. In the Helmarshausen area there are still corresponding structures (weirs) and watermills from later times.
Museums
The museum of the Heimatverein Helmarshausen in the old town hall , with a focus on illumination and local history
The Museum an der Krukenburg (private museum 1985-2010) with a focus on: Castle and monastery history (The artist monks of Helmarshausen) From 2011, media presentations / photo exhibitions on regional history and other topics in the WESERGALERIE (in the Cafe zur Krukenburg)
trail
The Eco Path Archeology Helmarshausen is a cultural path that connects several historical places (monastery, castle, sheep farm and old settlements). It leads from the village over the Krukenberg through the agriculturally used cultural landscape to the Hohe Feld on the border to North Rhine-Westphalia (circular hiking trail, approx. 90–120 minutes walking time, created in 2006).
Personalities
Honorary citizen
- Gerhard Henrich Bernhard Dömich (born July 29, 1797 in Karlshafen; 1824–1852 pastor in Hhs; since 1852 honorary citizen there, 1852–1867 pastor in Mörshausen; † February 6, 1867 in Mörshausen)
- George Heinrich Geis (born November 18, 1814 in Dudenrode; 1852–1872 pastor in Hhs .; † September 16, 1874 in Grifte; honorary citizen from April 11, 1872)
- Karl Oskar Vetterlein (born April 12, 1874 in Crimmitschau; † July 21, 1955, cigar maker and merchant, 1907 managing director of the local consumer association, politician and acting mayor from 1945, honorary citizen from May 2, 1952)
- Alfred Moritz, honorary citizen from August 24, 2001
Sons and daughters of the place
- Johann Christoph Schröder (* 1751), Premier Lieutenant in the American War of Independence .
- Justus Gräbner (* 1946), retired major general D. and former commander of the military area command IV "Southern Germany" in Munich
- Wolfgang Troschke (* 1947), painter
- Eckhard Braun (* 1957), since 1987 reporter and editor for the regional television of the Hessischer Rundfunk with a focus on the environment, nature conservation as well as agriculture and forestry
- Julia Gronemann (* 1985), handball player
literature
(Selection in chronological order)
- Georg Landau: The history of Krukenberg Castle. Kassel 1851.
- Friedrich Pfaff: The Helmarshausen Abbey. A contribution to the older history of the landscape on the lower Diemel. Kassel 1911.
- Karl Gross: Helmarshausen with the Krukenburg. Self-published around 1955/60
- Hermann Schmidt: Contributions to the history of the city, the imperial abbey and the art workshops Helmarshausen. Lippoldsberg 1971.
- Ernst-H. Garkisch: "1050 Years Helmarshausen", Bad Karlshafen 1995, ISBN 3-9801072-5-6
- Ernst-H. Garkisch (Ed.): "1000 years since the founding of the Benedictine Abbey in Helmarshausen", Bad Karlshafen 1997, ISBN 3-9801072-7-2
- Hans-Joachim Spernal / Ernst-H. Garkisch: "St. Modoald, patron saint of the Reichsabtei Helmarshausen, transferring the remains of St. Modoald from Trier to Helmarshausen", Bad Karlshafen 1999, ISBN 3-9801072-8-0
- Ingrid Baumgärtner (Ed.): Helmarshausen. Book culture and goldsmithing in the high Middle Ages. Kassel 2003.
- Klaus Sippel: "The monastery church that has become visible and a new archaeological path in Helmarshausen" in "HessenArchäologie" 2006
- Klaus Kunze : Ortssippenbuch Helmarshausen, 4500 families from 1521 to 1950, Uslar 2009 ISBN 978-3-933334-21-3
- Magda Thierling: "Forgotten history, Jewish life in Helmarshausen and Karlshafen", Bad Karlshafen 2011, ISBN 978-3-934800-15-1
Web links
- Internet presence of the city of Bad Karlshafen
- History of the city of Helmarshausen. In: www.heimatverein-helmarshausen.de. Heimatverein Helmarshausen
- Helmarshausen, Kassel district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Numbers / facts. In: Internet presence. City of Bad Karlshafen, archived from the original ; accessed in September 2018 .
- ↑ Law on the reorganization of the districts of Hofgeismar, Kassel and Wolfhagen (GVBl. II 330-17) of July 11, 1972 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1972 No. 17 , p. 225 , §§ 13 and 14 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1,2 MB ]).
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 399 .
- ^ Entry in the directory of monumental oaks . Retrieved January 10, 2017
- ↑ The information up to 1900 is based on: K. Kunze, Ortssippenbuch Helmarshausen, 2009.
- ↑ Numbers / facts. In: Internet presence. City of Bad Karlshafen, archived from the original ; accessed in September 2018 .
- ↑ a b Brigitte Warlich-Schenk, Emanuel Brown: Cultural trails in Hessen / Kassel district I . Published by the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Hesse. Verlag Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig 1990, ISBN 3-528-06239-8 , p. 71
- ↑ a b according to the information sign next to the church entrance
- ^ Johann Christoph Schröder In: gedbas.genealogy.net.