Fürstenberg Monastery
The Fürstenberg monastery is a former monastery on the Fürstenberg near Xanten . It was originally founded by Benedictines , but later sold to Cistercian women.
history
Already in the year 1076 / 79 a chapel dedicated to St. was on the Fürstenberg Martin of Tours by the Archbishop of Cologne Hildolf consecrated. In 1116 Archbishop Friedrich I von Schwarzenburg transferred the chapel to the Benedictine Abbey of Siegburg . On the advice of Norbert von Xanten , Heinrich von Dornick gave the order a fiefdom on the Fürstenberg on the condition that they should build a monastery there. Friedrich I certified this donation in 1119 ; the donation of two farms in Birten and Eger , a plot of land in Xanten and land in today Wesel belonging villages Werrich and Buederich authenticated Archbishop Arnold I of Cologne in 1144 . At this point in time, the monastery of St. Maria with a three-aisled Romanesque abbey church with four towers had already been built on the Fürstenberg . Since both male and female members of the order were mentioned in the deed of donation, it is assumed that this monastery has been a double monastery since it was founded. At the beginning of the 13th century , however, the male members of the order left the Fürstenberg and a convent was built.
In 1259 , the monastery was sold against the will of the Benedictine nuns living there to the Cistercian order , whose convent in Horst aan de Maas had been destroyed in a fire six years earlier. Archbishop Konrad von Hochstaden approved the transfer on August 7, 1259, with the proviso that the Benedictine nuns who remained there should continue to receive their previous maintenance, but were not allowed to accept any further members of the order in return. In the meantime, the Archbishop of Utrecht had a new monastery built in Honepa near Deventer to replace the Cistercian monastery that burned down in 1253 , so that some of the members of the order returned there. In 1284 the last service of the Benedictine nuns took place in the Fürstenberg monastery, which in 1265 was placed under the protection of the provost of the Xanten monastery .
In 1460 the monastery was largely destroyed in disputes between the Klevian dukes and the Archbishop of Cologne Dietrich II von Moers , until 1467 it was restored. In 1499 the monastery was sacked by soldiers who defected to the Duchy of Geldern until it was finally destroyed by Spanish troops in 1586 as a result of the Eighty Years' War . The Cistercian women found shelter in the Franciscan Agnetenkloster Xanten . 1671 / 72 the Zisterzienserinnen erected on the ruins of Abbey on the Fuerstenberg the Kreuzkapelle , which due to the closure of the convent in the context of secularization under Napoléon Bonaparte remained reached privately owned and until today.
literature
Elke Dißelbeck-Tewes, Women in the Church: The Life of Women in the Cistercian Convents of Fürstenberg, Graefenthal and Schledenhorst , phil. Diss. Bochum, Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 19989. ISBN 3-412-17089-5 .
Web links
- Fürstenberg Monastery at xanten-web.de
- Online finding aid for the "Kloster Fürstenberg" inventory in the State Archive of North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland Department
- Material from the Duncker Collection (PDF file; 295 kB)
Coordinates: 51 ° 39 ′ 2.4 " N , 6 ° 28 ′ 18.8" E