Reifferscheid (noble family)
.svg){kind=small} Territory in the Holy Roman Empire |
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| Reifferscheid | |
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  From Reifferscheid; younger line Reifferscheid |
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| Reifferscheid and surrounding territories around 1400 | |
| Alternative names | Reiffiffer |
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DE-NW
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Reifferscheid Castle
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| Incorporated into | after 1202: separation from Wildenberg 1416/55: Salm-Reifferscheid house
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The Reifferscheid noble family had a petty lordship in the Eifel with its seat at Reifferscheid Castle east of Hellenthal in the extreme southwest of today's North Rhine-Westphalia . It originally comprised an area around Reifferscheid and Wildenburg . The sex can be traced for the first time at the end of the 12th century, is called Salm-Reifferscheid from the 15th century and only loses its imperial territories in the Eifel in 1794 in the course of the French Revolutionary Wars .
history
Development until 1367
The establishment of Reifferscheid Castle goes back to Walram II. Paganus Count of Limburg and Duke of Lower Lorraine (1085–1139). The Lords of Reifferscheid, probably a younger line of the Counts of Limburg , first appeared in documents at the end of the 12th century and took over this castle. The brothers Gerhard and Philipp divided the property in 1195. Gerhard kept Reifferscheid with the representation at the Reich as well as the high court over Reifferscheid and Wildenburg. Philipp founded the Wildenberg line . The main line inherited
- the Malberg rule in the 13th century,
- the Dyck reign at the end of the 14th century
- and in 1416 the county of Niedersalm and then called itself Salm-Reifferscheid (for further details see → Haus Salm ).
Mechthilde von Reifferscheid († 1305)
Mechthilde was the second wife of Wilhelm II zu Stolberg and Setterich , who was previously married to Cunigunde von Frankenberg . Mechthilde was the sister of the lord of the castle Johann II. Von Reifferscheid. Through them there was a connection between the noble families Frenz and Reifferscheid. The son Wirich and the daughters Hadewigis and Richarda emerged from the marriage.
Mechthilde describes herself in a document from December 1304, a few months after the death of her husband Wilhelm II († November 23, 1303) as the "widow of the former nobleman of Stoylburch". On January 13, 1305, she decreed that part of the property in the Setterich domain was released. These had previously belonged to her sister, a nun in Burtscheid Monastery , who had bequeathed the property to her convent . Witnesses of the donation were Pastor Johannes von Setterich and Chaplain Johannes von Stolberg. Mechthilde had both the coat of arms of Setterich and that of Stolberg in her seal. 20 years later, Stolberg is already known as a castle. This leads to the conclusion that either Wilhelm or his wife repaired or expanded the house. Among other things, a house chapel was built, which the chaplain Johannes von Stolberg used for mass celebrations.
Mechthilde died in the spring of 1305, her son Wirich probably as a child and therefore childless. With him the line of nobility in Frenz ended at the beginning of the 14th century.
Richarda von Frenz-Reifferscheid
Richarda von Frenz-Reifferscheid was Mechthilde's daughter. She married Cuno von Tomberg-Müllenarck. Richarda received "Burg und Landgut Frenz" as a dowry.
Hadewigis from Frenz-Reifferscheid zu Stolberg and Setterich
Hadewigis, also a daughter of Mechthild, married knight Arnold von Gymnich zu Heppendorf († January 15, 1319). After the death of her mother, she inherited the fiefdoms of Setterich and Stolberg. Arnold belonged to an influential Rhenish noble family. His father was mayor in Aachen , his sister abbess in Burtscheid. In a document dated January 10, 1319, Arnold transfers a piece of forest to the Duke of Limburg. At the same time he points out his poor health and has a regulation of memorial services both for himself and for his first wife Beninna. Arnold dies on January 15, 1319. This is shown in the necrology of the Burtscheid Abbey. This donation was later challenged unsuccessfully by the heirs. Documents from the years 1321 and 1324 again document the legality. Finally, Emperor Charles IV confirmed the donation.
Arnold died with no offspring.
After Hadewigis lived as a widow for some time, she married Arnold Edelherr von Randerath , who is mentioned in a document as her husband in 1324. The deed states that the couple sold the court of Setterich to Count Gerhard II von Jülich, but received it again as a fief. Although the reasons have not been proven, it can be assumed that the old age of the couple presumably led Hadewigis and Arnold to transfer Stolberg Castle to Richarda von Salm-Reifferscheid at an early stage. The value of this donation was not in the castle building, but in the income from the property, which is detailed in documents.
Richarda von Salm-Reifferscheid
Richarda was the daughter-in-law of Burgrave Johann II von Reifferscheid. She came from the Moselle noble family Salm . The son of Johann II., Johann III. was her husband. From this marriage a son, Johann IV. Von Reifferscheid emerged.
Since a brother of the father, Heinrich von Reifferscheid, lived next to Richarda and her son, there was a documentary agreement on March 6, 1330 that regulated the inheritance. In addition, a succession arrangement is established in the event of Richarda's death. Archbishop Heinrich II of Cologne, Count Wilhelm V of Jülich , as well as Walram von Jülich and Count Ruprecht von Virneburg seal in it .
Johann IV of Reifferscheid († 1367)
Johann was married to Mathilde von Randerath, the daughter of Arnold von Randerath. Both took over the inheritance after Richarda's death and became lords of Stolberg Castle after their marriage, which probably took place in 1324 . In addition, the city of Bedburg with its income from existing customs rights belonged to the legacy.
Johann was an important man of his time. Not only was he rich because of his income, but he was also very influential. He was one of the tenants of the city of Cologne. On October 31, 1343, he was appointed Marshal of Westphalia by Walram of Cologne . Since this was a very large area, one can assume that he could not take care of Stolberg. This is probably the reason why Johann appointed Knight Emund von Barmen as administrator for the Stolberg property in 1364 . In the certificate of appointment, Emund is awarded, among other things, income from income from mineral resources in Stolberg. This document is the first mention of ore mining in the Stolberg region. Among other things, the taking of “half the lead mountain” is mentioned.
Johann IV and his wife Mathilde both died in 1367 after almost 36 years of marriage.
Development after 1367
In 1416 Johann V. von Reifferscheid († 1418) was appointed heir by his uncle Heinrich VII von Niedersalm , after his children had all died without offspring and before their father. The Lords von Reifferscheidt and Dyck were probably Heinrich's closest blood relatives. Since Heinrich's son-in-law ( Raugraf Otto zu Altenbaumberg ) also made claims to the inheritance, it was not until 1456 that the council of the Duchy of Luxembourg recognized the will. From 1460 Johann VI called himself. von Reifferscheid († 1475), the son of Johann V, also Count zu Salm and became the progenitor of the Salm-Reifferscheidt family , which later split into three lines:
- Salm-Reifferscheidt-Bedburg (called themselves Salm-Reifferscheidt-Krautheim from 1804 , Salm-Reifferscheidt-Krautheim and Dyck from 1888 , expired in 1958)
- Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck (expired in 1888)
- Salm-Reifferscheidt-Raitz (flowering)
The Salm-Reifferscheidt only lost their imperial territories in the Eifel in 1794 during the French Revolutionary Wars . The last branch still blooming in the male line is the princely family of Salm-Reifferscheidt-Raitz.
coat of arms
The family coat of arms of the Lords of Reifferscheid was: In silver a red shield. On the helmet with red and silver covers, a right silver and a left red dog-ear . After the inheritance of the Malberg rule , the older line of Reifferscheid took over the name of this rule and the family coat of arms. The younger line then ruled over Reifferscheid under the coat of arms: a red shield in silver, over it a five-legged blue tournament collar in the shield headquarters .
literature
- Franz Willems (ed.): Stolberger Burgherren and their descendants in old documents of Rhenish history 1118-1364. Stolberg City Library, 1955.
- Ernst von Oidtman (ed.): The Stolberg Castle and its owners, especially the noblemen of Stolberg - Frenz - Setterich. In: Journal of the Aachen History Association . Vol. 15/1893.
- Helmut Schreiber (Ed.): Stolberger Burgherren and Burgfrauen 1118–1909. Burg Verlag Gastinger, Stolberg 2001, ISBN 3-926830-16-6 . (= Contributions to the history of Stolberg. Volume 25)
- CS Th. Bernd (Hrsg.): Book of arms of the Prussian Rhine Province . Vol. 2. Bonn 1835. (Reprint: Wenner, Osnabrück 1977, ISBN 3-87898-112-0 ).
- Thomas Wurzel (Ed.): The Reichsabtei Burtscheid from the foundation to the early modern times. City Archives Aachen , 1984, p. 85 ff.
- Karl Emmerich Krämer (Ed.): From castle to castle through the Eifel. 4th edition. Duisburg 1986.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Eifelverein: Historical hike through Reifferscheid. ( Memento of the original from October 14, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ North Eifel tourism: The history of Reifferscheid Castle
- ^ Journal of the Aachen History Association, Volume 10, Aachen 1888
- ↑ Dr. Jean Claude Loutsch: Armorial du Pays de Luxembourg. Luxembourg 1974, p. 670.
