Nikolaikirche (Siegen)
The Nikolaikirche is a church building in the North Rhine-Westphalian city of Siegen , the history of which goes back to the 13th century. The church stands on the Siegberg , the center of the medieval old town. Its architectural peculiarity is due to its hexagonal floor plan; the nave is the only European hall hexagon north of the Alps. The bell tower of St. Nicholas Church contributes to the crown , the symbol of the city of Siegen, a forged and gilded crown with over two meters in diameter, from the 17th century. As the tallest building on the Siegberg, the church tower with a height of 53 meters and a striking red and white paintwork defines the silhouette of the city. The church achieved international fame for its church treasure with a silver baptismal bowl from the 16th century. The Nikolaikirche has been a Protestant church since the Reformation , and has been an Evangelical Reformed parish church in Siegens since 1580 . Below the church are the Siegen town hall and the market square.
location
The Nikolaikirche stands in the historic old town of Siegen on the ridge of the 307 meter high Siegberg, rising from west to east, near the highest point of the mountain in its eastern half. On the highest point of the Siegberg, about 300 m east of the church, is the residence of the catholic line of the Nassau-Siegen family , the Upper Castle . Both buildings are connected to each other by Burgstrasse, which leads straight through the former castle freedom in an east-west direction . Immediately to the west of the Nikolaikirche are the market square and the Siegen town hall. The church is surrounded to the east and south by narrow streets with three- to four-story buildings with mixed uses for housing and commerce; on the south side is the building used as a parish hall. Residential buildings also stood on the north side of the Nikolaikirche until the 19th century; a block that was popularly known as the "Klubb". This was destroyed by a major fire in 1869 and was never rebuilt. Since the 1970s there has been a green area dedicated to the former mayor of the city, Alfred Fissmer (1878–1966).
history
The early history of the church
The history of the Nikolaikirche begins in the first half of the 13th century. The church was built as a second, additional church building on the higher eastern half of the Siegberg, after the Martini church , which dates back to the 11th century and stands on its western mountain spur . The Martinikirche remained the city's Catholic parish church and the Nikolaikirche was used as an additional chapel and baptistery for the Nassau nobility in the first centuries of its existence. Since the municipal department store (in what was then the town hall) and the market were located directly next to the church, the patron saint of merchants and traders, St. Nicholas , was chosen as the patron saint . A document dated October 9, 1317 names several priests serving at the Nikolauskirche . The document also reports on the construction of a second altar, which, dedicated to Archangel Michael , was donated by Count Heinrich and Countess Adelheid zu Nassau. According to the order of the donor, a second daily service should be held at this side altar “for all future”. The altar was demolished again in 1549. A third altar, dedicated to Saint Margaret, dates from 1517. Only a few other traditions and documents have survived from the time the Nikolaikirche was built. From the structural shape, however, it is concluded that the original character of the building core has been preserved from the 13th century until at least the late 19th century.
The construction of the church tower
The church tower was first mentioned on November 25, 1455. The document reports on an expert opinion on the erection of the church tower, which the city of Siegen commissioned from the stonemason Jorge von Wetzlar. The construction of the tower began a little later; for the year 1461 "substantial progress" is documented. The tower was mainly financed through taxes levied by the city, including on wine and beer as well as on the trade in agricultural products. In addition, the city council took out loans from wealthy citizens and called on all citizens to donate. The stones for the quarry stone masonry of the tower were broken in Siegen am Ziegenberg. Corbels and shaped stones for the window frames come from Marburg and were also used by Marburg stonemasons. The spire was built in 1463, and the church tower was a gilded crucifix on top. The hour bell in the tower helmet, cast in the same year, comes from the bell caster Hanns Kannegiesser. The bell came on the tower at the same time as the church's first clock. Towards the end of 1464, the construction of the 53-meter-high tower, which had put a lot of financial strain on the city, was completed.
Extensions under Prince Johann Moritz
In 1530 the Nikolaikirche became Protestant. It has been the main parish church in Siegen since the Reformation. After the Thirty Years' War , the church was rebuilt several times , mainly at the instigation of the territorial lord, Prince Johann Moritz von Nassau-Siegen . For example, the originally Gothic tower dome was replaced by a baroque one, and in 1537 the tower was given a watchman's house directly under the spire. Some renovation work also took place inside the church. Prince Johann Moritz had the interior renewed in 1658 based on the model of Reformed churches in France and the Netherlands. Galleries were drawn into the church, the pulpit was moved to the center of the church and equipped with a sound cover . In addition, the prince had his own gallery with a canopy built in the apse of the church, the “prince's chair”. Also on the initiative of Prince Johann Moritz went back to the covering of parts of the church floor with rectangular cast iron plates in the year 1663. Previously the floor of the church had been criticized for its "very misshapen and breakneck stones". Due to the prince's quality as Grand Master of the Order of St. John , the plates each have a St. John Cross . Some of these floor slabs are exhibited today in the Upper Castle of Siegen in the entrance hall of the Siegerland Museum. The little crown on the tower of the Nikolaikirche, a gift from the prince, also dates from this period. The staircases north and south of the tower are from 1666.
Latin school under the roof, guard house on the tower
In the Nikolaikirche there was a school that can be traced back to the early 14th century. For the year 1607 a Latin school with five classrooms is occupied under the church roof. The rooms lay directly above the vaults of the nave and could be reached via a stair tower with 72 steps. For the school, the saddle roof of the church was provided with several dormers , the roof ridge received a rider with a school bell. This Latin school existed until 1817; from it emerged today's Siegener Gymnasium am Löhrtor .
On October 1, 1855, the tower guard on the tower of the Nikolaikirche, which had existed until then, was abolished, despite considerable expressions of displeasure from the population. Since 1994, located in the three rooms of the watchman a small museum in which, among other things, a dial from the 16th century, as well as balance and swing the Clock Tower, which until 1905 in use, are exhibited. A door leads east to the tower platform. The walkway around the rectangular guard house offers a view of large parts of the surrounding city as well as a distant view in all directions.
Crown
On August 17, 1658, Prince Johann Moritz von Nassau-Siegen had a large gold-plated crown, popularly known as the little crown , attached to the tower of St. Nicholas' Church in gratitude for his elevation to the rank of imperial prince . Above a compass rose is the crown with a diameter of 2.35 meters, above it is a wind arrow with a length of three and a half meters. Over the centuries, the crown was badly damaged by corrosion. Repairs were carried out repeatedly, but in 1993 the mast broke in a strong gust of wind. Therefore, the original crown was replaced by a replica made of stainless steel and copper sheet. This replica has been gilded with 23 carat double- thickness gold leaf. Since then, the original has been hanging in the entrance area of the church in the tower.
architecture
The special thing about the architecture of the Nikolaikirche Siegen is the compact, in its basic form hexagonal ground plan of the church nave , which is referred to in professional circles as the Romanesque hall hexagon . This construction, unique north of the Alps, is attributed to the slope of the property, which a building with a more elongated area would hardly have allowed. The church tower is in front of the western wall of the nave; to the east, a rectangular, single-bay choir and a semicircular apse adjoin the central nave . The vaults of the nave and choir are supported by a total of eight columns that structure the interior.
Redesign of the church 1903–1905
In the years 1903 to 1905 the exterior of the church was heavily changed in the course of renovation work and adapted to the taste of the time. The designs for the renovation came from the Herborn architect Ludwig Hofmann , church builder of the Protestant church in Nassau . On the walls protruding diagonally from the long sides, gables were placed up to the ridge height in order to be able to replace the simple gable roof that had existed since the construction of the church with a star-shaped roof that emphasized the hexagonal shape of the floor plan. On both sides of the rectangular bell tower, the church received a round stair tower made of Grauwacke quarry stone, reaching up to eaves height , and an arbor-shaped hall was placed in front of the main portal. The white-painted plaster of the outer walls was removed according to the historicizing taste, so that the quarry stone masonry was exposed on the outside of all walls. The interior of the church was also changed in the course of these measures. The arrangement of the galleries and pews was adapted to the hexagonal floor plan, the “Princely Chair” was removed from the apse and the church organ was replaced. During the renovation work in the nave, several decorative paintings with Christian motifs came to light, including four depictions of the Passion and the crucifixion of Christ. The paintings were dated to the 13th century, shortly after the church was built; the works were probably painted over as part of an iconoclasm . The interior of the nave was given a new, historical painting.
The church after World War II
During the Second World War , the city of Siegen was bombed by Allied forces on December 16, 1944. In this bomb attack, the Nikolaikirche was almost completely destroyed with the exception of the church tower; the building burned to the ground. A spread of the fire to the tower with the historic bell cage was only prevented by a fire door between the attic and the tower, which was only installed in the two previous years .
It took ten years to rebuild the church after the war. During the reconstruction, the roof was built in its current form as a tent roof, the designs for the roof come from the architects Heinrich Brands and Denis Boniver . The historicizing additions and superstructures from the early 20th century were not rebuilt, only the base floors of the stair towers were retained as side entrances. The sacristy moved into a newly built extension with a monopitch roof on the south side of the building directly next to the choir. The interior of the nave was again given straight rows of pews, aligned with the choir, the church organ moved from the apse to the gallery on the western inner wall. A simple communion table found space in the choir. All decorative painting of the interior was dispensed with, instead the walls and ceilings were given an unadorned white paint.
In the course of the reconstruction, the Nikolaikirche also got a new main portal. The artist Gerhard Marcks (1899–1981) was commissioned to design the outside of the double door . As motifs on the cast iron door leaves, Marcks chose a subdivision into four cassette-shaped fields with simply designed reliefs of the symbols of the four evangelists, Matthew , Johannes , Mark and Luke ; In addition, each of the four cassettes on the door bears the symbolic representation of an open book with the Greek letters Alpha and Omega .
In 1975/1976 the outer walls of the church were plastered again and painted in the colors white (basic color) and ox blood red (structured elements such as cornices , friezes and pilaster strips ). The interior of the nave was also visually structured with such red contrasting elements. In 2002 the exterior paintwork was renewed because it had suffered from the weather.
Furnishing
In addition to initiating and financing several structural changes to the Nikolaikirche in the middle of the 17th century, Prince Johann Moritz gave the church both a silver sacrament device and a valuable silver baptismal bowl in 1658. In a letter dated November 16, 1789, the then second preacher of the Nikolaikirche, Jakob Wilhelm Grimm, describes the scope of the princely gift:
" Venerable Princely Grace Gift of silver dishes when there is: a large silver basin 21 Mark 11 Lot and 2 quint , two silver gold-plated jugs 12 Mark 7 Lot 3 quint, two silver gold-plated tumblers with lid 7 Mark 5 Lot, a large silver plate 3 Mark 5 Lot, makes everything together 44 Mark 13 Lot 1 quint difficult. "
Sacrament implements
The two cups that are used to this day at the Lord's Supper come from the possession of Prince Johann Moritz's parents . This can be seen from the inscriptions in the base of the cup. The coats of arms of the counties Nassau , Katzenelnbogen , Vianden and Diez can also be seen here. The beakers are made of silver and are gold-plated; the year of manufacture is 1623.
The coat of arms of Prince Johann Moritz zu Nassau-Siegen can be found on the small dinner plate (also known as paten ) . The age can be narrowed down to the years between 1652 and 1654 from the illustrated components of the coat of arms.
Baptismal bowl
The central object of art of the church treasure is a silver baptismal font with a gilded interior. The bowl with a diameter of 54 cm and a weight of about 5 kg is a late Renaissance silversmith's work made in the highlands of Peru in 1586 , which was originally made as a hand-washing bowl. The rim of the bowl is decorated with elaborate allegorical depictions of people and various animals. Prince Johann Moritz received the bowl from a Congolese king in 1658. He had it provided with an additional foot with an inscription and placed the princely coat of arms in the center of the inside. The translation of the inscription in the foot reads: Johann Moritz, Prince of Nassau, consecrated this gift in 1658, which he received from an African king in the Congo when he was in charge of government in Brazil, for use in the holy baptism of the Reformed Church in Siegen . According to church documents, Johann Moritz gave the reworked bowl to St. Nicholas' Church during a service on the eighth Sunday after Trinity in 1658 (August 1), where it has been used as a baptismal bowl ever since.
The long way of this historically interesting silversmith's work from Peru via the Congo to Brazil, and from there ultimately to Siegen's Nikolaikirche follows a piece of the colonial history of that time. The baptismal font is known far beyond Siegen and was exhibited in 2004 in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City .
organ
An organ in the Nikolaikirche is documented for the first time in a Siegen city bill for the years 1515/1516. This was canceled in the course of the introduction of the Reformation in Siegen in the years 1555/1556. The second organ of the church only existed from 1636 to 1650 due to confessional conflicts. A third church organ has been handed down for the years 1689/1690. Due to its aural deficiencies, the city of Siegen commissioned another new organ with 38 registers from the organ builder Friedrich Ladegast in 1875 . Ladegast completed this organ in 1877; the cost was 13,371 marks. Several repairs and alterations were made to the Ladegast organ in the 20th century; the instrument was destroyed in the bombing raid on Siegen on December 16, 1944 with the rest of the interior of the church.
The present organ of the Nikolai Church was founded in 1956 by the organ builder Emanuel Kemper & Son ( Lübeck ) after the disposition of Helmut Winter built. The neo-baroque instrument is based on the architectural style of an Arp Schnitger organ. With four manuals , pedal and (formerly) 56 registers, it is considered the largest church organ in South Westphalia. A special feature of the Kemper organ is the row of pipes of the (Spanish) field trumpet protruding horizontally into the nave . For reasons of acoustics, a specially commissioned expert chose the gallery on the west wall of the nave as the new location for the organ instead of the apse . In the years 1993 to 1994 the organ building company Kreienbrink ( Osnabrück ) overhauled the organ, whereby the stop mechanisms were electrified and electrical couplers and a setting system were installed. The game action is mechanical. Today the instrument has 55 registers on four manuals and a pedal.
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- Coupling: I / II, III / II, IV / II, IV / I, III / I, I / P, II / P, III / P, IV / P
- Playing aids : 256-fold setting system
Bells
The tower houses six bells , five of which date from the Middle Ages. Four of the bells were cast in the 14th century, one dates from 1408. Such an inventory can only be found in Herford Minster . The hour bell has been hanging in the tower lantern since 1463. For their production, metal - pots and bowls - were collected in the city. The five bells of the liturgical peal are located in the belfry below the tower clock. The ringing order can be seen on the west walls near the side entrances; the full ringing of all five bells sounds at Easter , Pentecost , Christmas and New Year at the turn of the year at midnight as well as at confirmation services . The oldest bell of the Nikolaikirche, the drawing bell from the year 1300, is also the smallest of the bells. It strikes the quarter of an hour. The largest bell of the peal is the storm bell from 1335, which was rung individually only when danger threatened. The youngest bell in the church, the Jung-Stilling bell, was put on the tower in 1947. It was supposed to replace the evening bell from 1408, which had been cracked in 1919. After staying in the Siegerland Museum for many years, the evening bell was repaired in 1993 and has been ringing every evening at 7 p.m. on the tower since then.
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No. |
Surname |
Liturgical Office |
Casting year |
Caster |
Ø (mm) |
Weight (kg) |
Nominal ( HT - 1 / 16 ) |
| 1 | Storm bell | Services on Maundy Thursday and Good Friday , Easter Vigil |
1335 | Magister Sifride | 1473 | 1980 | c sharp 1 +5 |
| 2 | Marienbell | - | 14th century | Syfrite | 1361 | 1808 | e 1 +5 |
| 3 | Jung-Stilling bell | Prayer bell, 7 a.m. and 12 p.m. | 1947 | Bell and art foundry Rincker | 1087 | 765 | f sharp 1 +7 |
| 4th | Morning mass or evening bell | Evening bell at 7 p.m. | 1408 | unknown | 1006 | 737 | a 1 −1 |
| 5 | Drawing bell | Quarter-hour strike, separate baptismal services |
14th century | Henricus and Magister Ludevicus de Vetslar |
690 | 236 | e 2 −5 |
| I. | Hour bell | Chime | 1463 | Hans Kannengießer | 924 | 500 | a 1 +5 |
In the 15th century the bell ringer of the Nikolaikirche slept at night in its sexton so that they could ring the bells at any time. For this they received an annual salary of eight Albus from the city . In addition to the liturgical ringing, one of the tasks of the bell ringer was to ring the bells in the event of imminent danger, for example during a thunderstorm. The inscription of the Marienglocke, “I should ring me in God's honor and in the need of the citizens” reports on their secondary task as an emergency bell (see also the illustration below).
The inscriptions of the five medieval church bells
(Replicas by Albert Ludorff from 1903)
Inscription of the storm bell
Inscription of the Marienglocke
Inscription of the evening bell
Inscription of the drawing bell
Inscription of the hour bell
The church clock and its history
Over the centuries of its existence , the Nikolaikirche had several clockworks , which were changed, repaired and expanded several times. The newly erected tower of the church received a first seven hundredweight clock bell in 1463, cast by Hanß Kannengießer . The accompanying clockwork did not have a dial, but only announced the time by striking the bell. This clockwork was sold to the Keppel monastery in 1486 ; a direct successor is evidenced by several invoices to the city of Siegen for repairs and maintenance.
In 1529 a new tower clock was installed again, built by Claß Zoltzbechern from Limburg , which was complained about after four years of operation. A lightning strike in the tower in the winter of 1536/1537 damaged this clock. On a council decision, the city bought a new clock with dials around 1546, which was made by the Frankfurt clockmaker Friedrich Fröhlich . In 1572 Johan Brueysen from Dillenburg switched their striking mechanism to the Dutch alternating strike - according to this system, every hour strike occurs twice on two different bells, one after the other. From 1600 onwards, bills for coal prove - five albus “for coal, so the winter was consumed in the hard frost at the clock” - that the bell chamber was heated in winter. This was done to prevent the watch from stalling due to viscous oil in the movement. On the occasion of the elevation of Prince Johann Moritz to prince status in 1658, the hands of the clock were gilded at the same time as the crown was erected on the spire .
Until around 1683, the clockwork of the Nikolaikirche was driven by clock weights, the ropes of which had to be replaced annually due to wear. In that year the movement was converted to operation with pendulum and spindle escapement, which also improved the accuracy of the clock. In the spring of 1885 the tower clock got a new movement, built by the J. D. Weule company from Bockenem in the Harz region. This clockwork is in operation in the tower of the Nikolaikirche to this day. Since then, changes have been made to switch from a mechanical escapement to an electric pointer mechanism in 1930 and in 2001 to repair the 19th century copper coils. In the same year the clock was equipped with an electronically operated radio clock .
A historic clock face of the tower clock from the 16th century is exhibited in the former bell ringer's apartment under the hood of the tower of the Nikolaikirche (see photo opposite).
Rectory and parish life
The old town hall of today's Evangelical Nikolai parish of Siegen stands behind the church on Pfarrstrasse, immediately south of the church building . Although the Nikolaikirche only became the parish church of the city of Siegen after the Reformation in the 16th century, the name Bii den Parre (“At the parish”) has been documented since a word interest register from 1404; the name Pfarre or Pfarrstrasse has been passed down from the population registers since 1840.
Community life is characterized by pastoral and cultural offers in the church and in the old town hall. The church is also a place of church music, for example it is home to the Siegen choir . The parish letter published every two months by the Evangelical Nikolai parish bears the title Unterm Krönchen , referring to the landmark of the church and the city of Siegen .
literature
- In the middle of the city and with the people. 700 years Nikolaikirche in Siegen. 1317–2017 (= contributions to the history of the city of Siegen and the Siegerland. Volume 27). Published by the Ev. Nikolaikirchengemeinde Siegen. Vorländer, Siegen 2017.
- Heinrich von Achenbach : History of the city of Siegen. Supplementary reprint of the Siegen 1894 edition. Wielandschmiede, Kreuztal 1978.
- Hermann Eberhardt: The Nikolaikirche to Siegen. Published by the Presbytery of Ev. Nikolaikirche Siegen. Vorländer, Siegen 2010.
- Udo Mainzer : The Nikolaikirche in Siegen (= Westfälische Kunststätten . Issue 2). Munster 1978.
- Friedrich Muthmann : The silver baptismal bowl for Siegen: a work from the Spanish colonial days of Peru. Winter, Heidelberg 1956, ISBN 978-3-8253-0024-1 .
- Wilhelm Ochse: Church local history - chats with young and old in Siegerland . Regensbergsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münster (Westf.) 1946 (book on the church history of the Siegerland).
- Dieter H. Stündel : The city of Siegen. Volume 1: From the Middle Ages. Editing and new edition of the book History of the City of Siegen by Heinrich von Achenbach, 1894. Horatius-Verlag Siegen, 2005. ISBN 3-923483-43-0
- O. Vorländer: The renovation of the Nikolaikirche in Siegen. In: Deutsche Bauzeitung . Volume 40, 1906, urn : nbn: de: kobv: co1-opus-21888 , pp. 559–561 (volume 83, part 1; digitized version), p. 575–577 (volume 85, part 2; digitized version ).
Web links
- Article about the history of the Nikolaikirche on the website of the Evangelical Church Community Nikolai Siegen
- Website of the Siegen Choir , with an article on the church's Kemper organ
- Website of the Evangelical Church District Siegen
(All accessed on May 2, 2011)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Ochse: Kirchliche Heimatkunde , p. 25
- ^ Ochse: Kirchliche Heimatkunde , pp. 28–29
- ^ Achenbach: History of the City of Siegen , p. 170
- ↑ Topic scrolled back ... In: Siegener Zeitung , December 4, 2010
- ↑ "[...] gaff synen Rath, how we do the thurn solden laissen uff die kirche" - quoted from Achenbach: Geschichte der Stadt Siegen , p. 171
- ↑ Ox: Kirchliche Heimatkunde , p. 25
- ^ Achenbach: History of the City of Siegen , p. 171 f.
- ↑ a b c Eberhardt: The Nikolaikirche zu Siegen , p. 16 f.
- ↑ Based on a report from 1465 about the "swerlichen Buw an sand nicolais kirchen" - quoted from Ochse: Kirchliche Heimatkunde , p. 26
- ↑ Height information for the tower of the Nikolaikirche in an article in the Siegener Zeitung Online from May 19, 2011 (accessed on May 22, 2011)
- ↑ a b c Unterm Krönchen - Community letter of the Ev. Nikolai-Kirchengemeinde Siegen , February and March 2001 edition, pp. 6–7. Without indication of the author
- ↑ a b Quoted from Dieter H. Stündel: Die Stadt Siegen, Volume 2: About the 17th and 18th centuries , p. 28 ff. Horatius-Verlag Siegen, 2008. ISBN 978-3-923483-65-5
- ↑ The "Prodigal Son" came from Siegerland , accessed on January 7, 2017.
- ^ Eberhardt: Die Nikolaikirche zu Siegen , p. 6
- ^ Siegerländer Heimatkalender 1969: Milestones from the Siegerland past: by Adolf Müller , p. 112, Verlag für Heimatliteratur.
- ^ Eberhardt: Die Nikolaikirche zu Siegen , p. 35
- ↑ Eberhardt: The Nikolaikirche zu Siegen , p. 2
- ^ O. Vorländer: The renovation of the Nikolaikirche in Siegen . In: Deutsche Bauzeitung . Vol. 40 (1906), pp. 559-561 (Part 1), pp. 575-577. (Part 2)
- ^ Eberhardt: Die Nikolaikirche zu Siegen , p. 8
- ↑ a b Eberhardt: The Nikolaikirche zu Siegen , p. 9
- ^ Eberhardt: Die Nikolaikirche zu Siegen , p. 11
- ↑ Eberhardt: The Nikolaikirche zu Siegen , p. 13
- ↑ Eberhardt: The Nikolaikirche zu Siegen , p. 15
- ↑ Weight calculated on the basis of the information from the letter from 1789 quoted above
- ↑ Eberhardt: Die Nikolaikirche zu Siegen , p. 19 ff.
- ↑ Original inscription: MUNUS HOC JOH. MAURITIUS PRINZEPS NASSAVIAE CUM BRASILIAE IMPERARET FROM AFRORUM IN CONGO REGE OBLATUM AD SACRI BAPTISMATIS USUM ECCLESIAE REFORMAT SIGENENSI CONSECRAT M DC LVIII. Taken from: Die Nikolaikirche zu Siegen , p. 18
- ↑ Eberhardt: The Nikolaikirche zu Siegen , p. 18
- ^ A b Eberhardt: Die Nikolaikirche zu Siegen , pp. 25–31
- ↑ More information on the history of the Kemper organ at nikolai.kirchenkreis-siegen.de
- ↑ Disposition of the Kemper organ ( Memento of the original from September 13, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on kantorei-siegen.de
- ^ Achenbach: The history of the city of Siegen , p. 173
- ↑ "[...] that you can see you roof and night and the night are brave to invite, willzyt groisse neither lift yourself up at the hiemel and warn all dinck wol" - from a text from 1465, quoted from Achenbach: Geschichte of the city of Siegen , p. 174
- ↑ From the inscription of the Marienglocke: "+ MAN SOL ME LVDEN IN DY GODES ERE VND IN NOT DER BVRGERE +"
- ↑ Quoted from Kober, Unterm Krönchen October / November 2015, p. 8
- ↑ Stefan Kober: The clock tower of the Nikolaikirche. Article in: Unterm Krönchen - Community letter of the Evangelical Nikolai parish in Siegen, October and November 2015 issue, p. 8 f.
- ↑ Hansgeorg Schiemer: Altstadt-Wegbegleiter für Siegen , p. 44. Vorländer, Siegen 2002
Coordinates: 50 ° 52 ′ 29.2 " N , 8 ° 1 ′ 33.8" E