Herford Cathedral
The Herford Minster is the oldest and largest church in the city of Herford . Today it is an Evangelical Lutheran parish church. Together with the two inner-city churches St. Johannis and St. Jakobi , it belongs to the Herford-Mitte parish within the Herford parish .
history
The evangelical minster church with the neighboring Wolderus chapel was the church of the Herford women's monastery , which was directly imperial from the 12th century to 1802 (affiliation to the Prussian Ravensberg).
The late Romanesque begun hall church was probably built 1220-1250 and is the first large building of a hall church in Germany, and today with the greatest reduction Hall Church in Westphalia (The much larger Paderborn Cathedral was started with a basilica western choir bay and subsequently built as a Gothic church from 1231 ). In 1270–1280, the last part was the two-tower facade, of which only the south tower with a height of 66 meters was completed.
The church was originally built as Marienkirche. After the relics of St. Pusinna had already been transferred from France to Herford in 860 and were venerated as miraculous, the church was under a double patronage and was named St. Marien and Pusinna. Later, the focus of devotion to Mary gradually changed to the Stiftberger Marienkirche .
The parish is the owner of the Münsterkirche. Since secularization , the tax authorities, first Prussia and later its legal successor North Rhine-Westphalia, have to pay for the structural maintenance.
During the Second World War, the church was spared direct bomb hits, but suffered air pressure damage: Large parts of the window glazing were destroyed and the tracery damaged. As about a total of 2 / 3 of the roof area was covered, there was a penetration of the vaults. After a complete renovation in 1956, the war damage was also completed. In 1981 the cathedral church was placed under monument protection.
Seven sun windows
There are seven gilded suns above the door on the south side of the church. There is a legend about this: when the Herford abbess wanted to build a larger church in place of the smaller collegiate church around the year 1000, it turned out that the ground was too swampy. The abbess and the nuns then pleaded with the Virgin Mary for help. The next morning seven suns appeared in the sky instead of one. In a short time they dried up the swamp so that the church could be built. In memory of this miracle, the seven gold-plated sun signs were placed above the door. However, excavations have shown that the building site was not swampy.
There is another explanation for the sun sign. After that, where the church stands today, there was supposed to have been a courtyard that was called "The House of the Seven Suns".
But it may also be the representation of the Pleiades , an ancient Celtic-Germanic symbol that also appears on the Nebra Sky Disc . The appearance of the bright star cluster of the Pleiades around March 10th marks the end of the (wet) winter time and the beginning of tillage. At many churches of Carolingian and Ottonian origin there are symbols that give an indication of corresponding pre-Christian shrines.
inner space
Inside, the columns, vaults, windows and above all the capitals show how the stylistic development has progressed during the construction period. In the east there are still Romanesque chalice block capitals. In the nave and in the south transept, cup-shaped bud and leaf capitals determine the picture. Some particularly rich tracery windows are evidence of the Gothic annex. The most important piece of equipment is the baptismal font from 1500 with statuettes of saints and very lively biblical scenes in the reliefs. It stands in a crypt-like room, into which a few steps lead down to the left of the choir.
The south window was created in 1953 by the well-known Marburg glass painter Erhardt Klonk (1898–1984) on the theme of the Good Samaritan.
In the church there are two organs, on which organ concerts, e.g. B. be performed as part of the Herford Organ Summer .
Women pen
The former women's monastery stretched from the Alter Markt over the terrain of today's town hall to Stephansplatz, where today, after intensive excavations, reconstructed foundation walls mark the buildings of the cloister. The Wolderus Chapel is also in this area. According to legend, Saint Waltger (died 825) is buried in the chapel. The simple hall building was built in 1735 and has served the Greek Orthodox community as the Nektarios chapel since 1962.
An archaeological window will be built at the women's foundation in September 2020 and will be inaugurated in April 2022.
Organs
There are a total of five organs in the cathedral : the main organ on the west gallery, a swallow's nest organ and three positive organs . Organist and cantor has been Stefan Kagl since 2002 .
Main organ
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The main organ was built in the years 1949–1951 by the organ building company Förster & Nicolaus (Lich) with electro-pneumatic cone chests using old pipe material from the previous instruments by Friedrich Meier (Herford) and Ernst Klassmeier (Kirchheide), and an additional one in 1961 Movement ( Rückpositiv ) extended on an electrically controlled sliding drawer. The Gustav Steinmann Orgelbau workshop completely redesigned the breast swelling in 1992 by adding new registers and replacing old ones . In 2006 the instrument was extensively overhauled and expanded to include a solo work consisting of a high pressure tuba (400 mm wind pressure) in 16'-8'-4 'position based on the example of the English organ builder Henry Willis. The entire electrical equipment had to be renewed and the original manual ranges from f 3 to g 3 expanded by adding two tones . The disposition of the existing works could be changed in the course of a reorganization and expanded by a few registers. Siegfried Schmidt Orgelbau (Immenstadt) built the solo work on the south wall of the organ stage without a prospectus . All other work comes from the organ builders Michael Jocher (Peiting) and Edouard. Today the instrument has the following disposition:
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Pairing :
- Normal coupling: II / I, III / I, IV / I, III / II, IV / III, I / P, II / P, III / P, IV / P
- Super octave coupling: III / I
- Sub-octave coupling: III / I
- Playing aids: 4000-fold setter, sequencer, freely adjustable roller, tongues off, tutti
- Remarks:
- (a) new registers 2006
- (b) from stock
- (c) Steinmann 1992
- (d) Meyer 1869
- (e) Meyer 1891,
- (f) Klassmeier 1920
Swallow's Nest Organ
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The swallow's nest organ (also called Heinrich Schütz organ or Zuberbier-Ott organ) in the high choir is based on a one-manual instrument that was built in 1756 by Johann Andreas Zuberbier for the parish church in Friedewalde . After several modifications and a long period of neglect, the prospectus and wind chest were brought to Herford by Arno Schönstedt in 1949 , where they were incorporated into a new organ with 21 registers by Paul Ott in 1953 . Its main plant disposition is based on the handed down historical disposition:
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Bells
Eleven bells hang in the tower . The core of the peal is made up of the three bells Gloriosa , Benedicta (both around 1300) and Mary or sermon bell (1444). These three bells form the heaviest ringing of their time in Westphalia and are probably the remnants of a very extensive ringing. The two larger bells in particular are significant examples of the Gothic rib from the 14th century. In 1956, the Rincker bell and art foundry added two new bells to relieve the valuable old ones. In the course of the restoration of the entire bell system, which also included the welding of the old bells, four more bells were re-cast in the Bachert bell foundry . With the inclusion of the two clock bells from the 12th and 15th centuries, the cathedral chime consists of eleven bells and represents one of the most valuable large chimes of a Protestant church in Germany.
On Saturday at 7 p.m. Sunday is rung in, on the eve of the 1st Advent, on Christmas Eve and on Pentecost Sunday there is a city bell at 12 p.m. The main service on Sundays and public holidays starts with a ringing bell at 09:50. The ringing marks the special features of the service. The bell of Mary rings before ordinary preaching services , the Benedicta before sacrament services and the Gloriosa on feast days . After three minutes it pauses for a brief moment and the ringing starts for seven minutes. The size or number of bells vary depending on the degree of festivity and the church season. The crown of life bell rings at 8 a.m., 12 p.m. and 6 p.m. to ring the bell .
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No. |
Name (position) |
Casting year |
Caster |
Mass (kg) |
Ø (mm) |
Percussive ( HT - 1 / 16 ) |
Belfry |
| 1 | Resurrection bell (death bell) | 1956 | Rincker bell foundry | 2,587 | 1,645 | c 1 -1 | lower bell chamber |
| 2 | Gloriosa (festival bell) | around 1300 | unknown | 2,430 | 1,477 | it 1 +7 | |
| 3 | Benedicta (sacrament bell) | 1,980 | 1,390 | e 1 -5 | |||
| 4th | Marienglocke (sermon bell) | 1444 | 1,130 | 1,263 | f 1 -9 | ||
| 5 | Crown-of-Life-Bell (Prayer Bell) | 1956 | Rincker bell foundry | 816 | 1,077 | as 1 -3 | |
| 6th | Love bell | 2001 | Bachert bell foundry | 687 | 961 | b 1 -1 | upper bell chamber |
| 7th | Baptismal bell | 524 | 880 | c 2 -1– | |||
| 8th | Caland bell | around 1200 | unknown | 250 | 704 | es 2 / e 2 | |
| 9 | Ave Maria or Pusinnen bell | 15th century | 200 | 608 | g 2 -1 | ||
| 10 | Sanctus bell | 2001 | Bachert bell foundry | 93 | 493 | b 2 +2 | |
| 11 | Praise God Bell | 62 | 433 | c 3 -1 |
See also
- Dome, minster and cathedrals in German-speaking countries
- Herford Abbey
- Marienkirche (Herford)
- St. Johannis (Herford)
- St. Jakobi (Herford)
opening hours
Outside of the service times, the church is open to visitors on weekdays from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.
literature
- Ralf Dorn: The church of the former women's monastery St. Marien and Pusinna in Herford. Architecture under the nobles of the Lippe. Petersberg 2006.
- Ralf Dorn: Building under the sign of the rose. Thoughts on a dynastic architecture among the noble lords of the Lippe. In: Jutta Prieur (Ed.): Lippe and Livland. Medieval rulership under the sign of the rose. Bielefeld 2008, pp. 125–146.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ See: Ser. No. 19 in the patronage register of the Münster district government from January 1994. (Ministry for Homeland, Municipal Building and Equal Opportunities of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia of March 15, 2018)
- ^ Mummenhoff, Karl Eugen: The architectural monuments in Westphalia - war damage and reconstruction , Dortmund 1968, pp. 84–85.
- ↑ List of architectural monuments in the city of Herford (PDF file; 78 kB)
- ↑ WESTFALEN-BLATT: The opening date has already been set. Accessed February 16, 2020 .
- ↑ a b On the history and reorganization of the Münster organ ( Memento of the original from January 21, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Münsterkirche: College for Church Music of the Evangelical Church of Westphalia. Accessed February 16, 2020 .
- ↑ Claus Peter: The German bell landscapes. Westphalia. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-422-06048-0 , pp. 40–41.
Coordinates: 52 ° 6 ′ 56.5 ″ N , 8 ° 40 ′ 16 ″ E