Hermann Aubin

Hermann Aubin, Düsseldorf 1911, private property Bernhard Aubin

Hermann Carl Wilhelm Aubin (born December 23, 1885 in Reichenberg , Bohemia ; † March 11, 1969 in Freiburg im Breisgau ) was a German-Austrian historian , science organizer and historian .

Aubin's actions and thinking were shaped by the German national environment in the Bohemian Reichenberg and characterized by a high degree of continuity during the Weimar Republic , the Nazi era and the early years of the Federal Republic. His aim was to strengthen the “ German national community ” and defend the “German East”. His worldview was determined by an economically, socially and culturally determined east-west divide and a superiority of the German people over the peoples in Eastern Europe. Under National Socialism , Aubin was one of the masterminds of territorial changes and a population composition in the sense of ethnic "segregation". In 1939 he was involved in a memorandum which spoke out in favor of "population shifts of the greatest magnitude" in occupied Poland .

In 1920, Aubin founded the Institute for Historical Geography of the Rhineland in Bonn . The concept of interdisciplinary research in cultural areas goes back to Aubin . As a full professor of middle and modern history, he taught at the universities of Gießen (1925–1929), Breslau (1929–1945) and Hamburg (1946–1954). By bundling numerous organizational and historical-political functions, Aubin advanced to become a leading exponent of "German Ostforschung " since the 1930s . After 1945 he continued this research direction in the Federal Republic of Germany as the founder and first president of the Johann Gottfried Herder Research Council (1950-1959) and editor of the Zeitschrift für Ostforschung (1952-1966). As a historical sub-discipline, “German Ostforschung” became a prime example of the personal and methodological continuities of German historical studies in the post-war period. As a member of the Central Directorate of Monumenta Germaniae Historica (since 1946), founder and chairman of the Association of German Historians (1953–1958) and President of the Historical Commission at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences (1959–1965), Aubin has helped rebuild West German historiography Significantly influenced after the war.

Life

Origin and youth

Hermann Aubin as a high school student around 1903 (private property Bernhard Aubin)

Hermann Aubin was an upper-class merchant's son from the Bohemian Reichenberg, which belonged to Austria-Hungary . He had four siblings, including his older brother Gustav Aubin . His ancestors had settled in Frankfurt am Main as Huguenot religious refugees from the end of the 16th century and emigrated to Berlin in the mid-19th century. The father Carl Alexander Aubin (1850–1920) came to the North Bohemian industrial town of Reichenberg in 1878 to set up a company in the textile and wool industry. The “Aubin, Protzen & Co” carpet factory quickly developed into one of the largest factory companies in Reichenberg. The family was cosmopolitan and humanistic; its members already had trade relations with England in Frankfurt. Aubin's father had received part of his training in France and maintained contacts there. He was oriented towards Greater German . Even in old age, Aubin confessed that he was "born with the Greater German direction of thought [...] from youth".

Aubin grew up on the border of the German-Czech settlement area, where social conflict potentials arose as a result of industrialization, modernization and increasing Czech immigration. In this environment he developed a deep dislike for the "Czech servant nation". By contrast, as the son of a manufacturer, Aubin was hardly confronted with the growing social tensions between workers and wealthy factory owners in the second largest city in Bohemia around the turn of the century.

The Reichenberger Gymnasium gave Aubin a humanistic education. The focus was on German culture and Austrian history. Slavic-Magyar history was hardly dealt with in class. His history lessons led him to believe that the Germans had been superior to other peoples since the early Middle Ages . In geography lessons he internalized an image of Europe that did not take into account East Central Europe as an independent variable. Aubin did not learn Czech as the second national language. The Habsburg- Austrian view of history conveyed at school was expanded to include a Prussian-German dimension in the family home through the father's story of his participation as a Prussian soldier in the French campaign of 1870/71. In July 1904, Aubin left the Reichenberger Gymnasium as one of the best of the year.

Years of study in Munich, Bonn and Freiburg

Hermann Aubin as a one-year volunteer, Salzburg 1905

Hermann Aubin as a doctoral student, Freiburg in 1910 (private property Bernhard Aubin)

After completing his service as a one-year volunteer in the Austro-Hungarian Army , Aubin did not take the usual path in the family to a commercial profession, but preferred an academic training. He and his brother Gustav , who was four years older, were the first of the family to choose a university career. The decision to study at an imperial German university and not in Prague or Vienna was justified by Aubin in 1965 not only with a “Greater German line of thought”, but also with the endeavor “not to get among the Czechs”. In the winter semester of 1905/06 he began studying history and economics at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich . After the second semester, he moved to the University of Freiburg . There he made a lifelong friendship with Siegfried A. Kaehler . During his student days, Aubin was a member of the so-called “Freiburg Circle”, which was characterized by open-mindedness and tolerance. He spent the summer semester of 1908 at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn . During his studies, Aubin did not yet focus on Eastern Central Europe.

Aubin received his doctorate in 1910 at the University of Freiburg under Georg von Below on the medieval administrative organization of the diocese of Paderborn . His academic teacher von Below was a staunch enemy of democracy. Hermann Heimpel later assured as another academic student of Belows that the professor spared "the students with his political convictions and struggles". However, the teacher's political stance on his students was not entirely ineffective, as it encouraged approval or distancing.

After a stay in the archives in Düsseldorf, Aubin went on educational trips through the Netherlands, Belgium and Italy. For one semester in 1910/11 he stayed at the Institute for Austrian Historical Research in Vienna as a guest student. With Alfons Dopsch he expanded his knowledge of constitutional history and with Oswald Redlich his skills as a diplomat . In May 1911 he took up a position as a research assistant at the Society for Rhenish History in Düsseldorf. Under the leadership of Ulrich Stutz, he worked on the publication of the electoral wisdoms of the offices of Hülchrath and Brühl , two volumes of which appeared in 1913 and 1914. In September 1911 he married Vera Webner, the daughter of a German businessman who grew up in South Africa. The marriage had two children. The son Bernhard became an eminent legal scholar.

Participation in the First World War

Field post letter from Hermann Aubin to Elisabeth Webner from November 19, 1914 (private collection)

From August 1914, Aubin took part in the First World War as a lieutenant in the Austro-Hungarian Army . He was promoted to first lieutenant, then to captain, and was stationed on the eastern front in Galicia . During the war he stayed in numerous Ukrainian and Polish areas. In the summer of 1915 he moved to Congress Poland , and in October 1915 he was transferred to the Tyrolean Alpine Front. Although he had traveled widely in the eastern war zone and also got to know the cities of Lublin and Krakow , in his field post letters he only described dirt, wasteland and poverty from the eastern war zone . This corresponded to an idea that was widespread at the time and oriented towards German cleanliness. The experiences on the Eastern Front did not leave a lasting impression on him. Although a wide variety of war journalism developed during the First World War , Aubin stayed away from the public discussion of the objectives of the war .

In the uniform of the kuk officer's uniform , Aubin completed his habilitation with Aloys Schulte in 1916 with a thesis on the emergence of state sovereignty on the Lower Rhine. The Aubin biographer Eduard Mühle identified the most important biographical impulse for the entire scientific work in the war years. During the First World War, one could determine the “development of a feeling of unity” with the “big picture” at Aubin. Aubin saw himself as part of the front and " national community ". At least since the end of the war, as a German national patriot, the "German people" were decisive for his way of thinking. He geared his thinking to the Germans and their position in the world.

Weimar Republic

The November revolution of 1918/19, which in Germany led to the end of the monarchy and the proclamation of the republic, was viewed by Aubin as "the work of the Jews and adolescent boys, the stage stallions and slackers". As a "perpetuation of the rape of the people" he was opposed to the revolution. On this he agreed with his teacher von Below, with whom he met several times around the turn of 1918/19. But in contrast to his teacher, Aubin did not fundamentally reject the political upheavals. He saw democratic reforms as necessary for an economic recovery and an improvement in living conditions. Through the Treaty of Versailles , the native Sudeten German became a member of the German minority in the newly founded Czechoslovakia. In November 1919 he acquired Reich German citizenship.

A clear picture does not emerge from the available biographical information about Aubin's attitude towards the Weimar Republic. Aubin held back with political statements about the Weimar Republic. According to Michael Burleigh , Aubin sympathized with the DNVP . From 1924, Ingo Haar identified him as a central actor "in the ethnic-Greater German milieu". For Mühle, Aubin was not an opponent of the republic. For this he sees the influence of the liberal brother Gustav Aubin as decisive. This is probably why Aubin was called a "democrat" in the press.

Bonn years (1920–1925)

From 1920 onwards, Aubin was a private lecturer and director of the newly founded institute for historical regional studies of the Rhineland . From February 1922 he was a non-official associate professor for economic history in Bonn. His lectures and exercises mainly dealt with economic history from the migration period to the 19th century. Only four of these events were dedicated to traditional medieval themes from the history of kings and emperors. His most important academic student was Franz Steinbach . The career goal of a full professorship sought by Aubin could not be realized in Bonn. All attempts by the faculty to give Aubin a full professorship failed because of the Prussian Ministry of Finance. The life situation became problematic for Aubin due to the inflationary period . He pondered, as he wrote in a letter to his brother, about giving up his academic career and entering the cigarette industry.

Teaching activity in Gießen (1925–1929) and appointment to Breslau (1929)

In 1925, Aubin accepted a position at the University of Giessen as the successor to Fritz Vigener (1879–1925) . He was able to prevail against Friedrich Baethgen , the initial proposal of the Giessen faculty. With the appointment it was advantageous for Aubin that he was not counted by the Hessian left-wing government among the German nationalists who voiced their position. As the only medieval historian at Giessen University, he taught the entire thematic range of the Middle Ages. After the death of his teacher von Below in 1927, Aubin became the main editor of the quarterly journal for social and economic history . From 1933 to 1967 he was its sole editor. Thirty volumes of the magazine appeared under his direction. His increasing commitment to science policy meant that he was only able to deal more closely with the history of Hesse from the summer semester of 1927.

In 1929, Aubin accepted a position as successor to Hermann Reincke-Bloch at the University of Breslau . According to a letter from Siegfried A. Kaehler, the Faculty of Philosophy was looking for a successor who was able to bring the early historical foundations of the current struggle for Germanness on Silesian soil to life for the students in Breslau, thereby giving them an eye for understanding contemporary tasks Sharpening. ”With the refilling of the professorship one wanted to make it clear that“ Germany has the will to vigorously exercise its rights in the East and to defend them with intellectual weapons ”, as the reviewer Manfred Laubert wrote to the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Breslau. At the time of his appointment, Aubin was not considered a particular expert on the history of East Central Europe. He did not speak any West Slavic language, nor was he familiar with the sources; therefore he was inferior in scientific discourse. Aubin was given half an assistant position for translation tasks. At this point in time, in Mühle's opinion, he was only qualified by his skills as a science organizer and his political commitment.

Relationship to the Nazi regime (1933–1945)

During the crisis of the Weimar Republic, Aubin was opposed to Adolf Hitler's assumption of government in the 1932 presidential election . From January 1931 to June 1933 he held a visiting professorship for the history of the European Middle Ages at the University of Cairo . Despite the geographical distance, Aubin felt the political development of Germany directly in his family. As rector of the University of Halle in 1931/32, his brother Gustav defended the Protestant theologian Günther Dehn against National Socialist smear campaigns and obtained a temporary ban against the Halle university group of the NS student union . Gustav Aubin became the most hated rector of the Weimar Republic. Hermann Aubin refrained from commenting on these events in Germany. In his correspondence with his college friend Siegfried A. Kaehler, too, he was very hesitant about the political developments in Germany, and in his few remarks in April and May 1933 he tried to find positive aspects in them. In his letters up to 1945 there is not a word about the persecution and murder of members of Jewish and opposition population groups, nor did he comment on the German occupation and extermination policy in the East.

The Nazi party did not join Aubin. He was only a member of the National Socialist People's Welfare . Although he had no party membership, he was not one of the opponents of the regime either. Eduard Mühle describes Aubin's attitude towards National Socialism as "affirmative-collaborative". In a letter to his mother in April 1933, Aubin recognized the threatened terror system very clearly. Nevertheless, he made the decision to volunteer for the Nazi regime. In his view, the positive achievements of the new regime were economic consolidation, foreign policy resurgence, the creation of a strong unitary state and the revision of the Versailles borders.

To a greater extent than his brother Gustav, he was ready to overlook the disenfranchisement and persecution. As early as October 1933 he welcomed Hitler as “the renewer of our people with the joyful certainty that what is German will be German without borders and barriers”. Aubin's Jewish colleagues Georg Ostrogorsky and Richard Koebner in Breslau were dismissed from university service in April 1933 due to the Nazi law on the “restoration of the civil service” . Koebner had represented Aubin at his visiting professorship in Cairo in the winter semester of 1932/33. Instead of resolutely assisting the persecuted colleagues like other faculty members and waiting for the result of an input from the Wroclaw Faculty of Philosophy for the colleagues on leave to remain, Aubin asked in a letter to Dean Ludolf Malten that the "sensitive gaps in the Eastern Studies" and went over to day-to-day business. According to Mühle, however, Aubin was not actively involved in a “de-Jewification” at the University of Breslau. However, this is in contrast to a post-war letter from his assistant there, then lecturer leader and SD employee Ernst Birke .

However, the Nazi authorities did not consider Aubin to be ideologically acceptable. In September 1933, the district leader of the NSDAP and Silesian regional leader Wolfgang Graf Yorck von Wartenburg suggested a transfer to Aubin. An appointment to Leipzig to succeed Karl Lamprecht failed in 1933. He was accused of being close to the Social Democrats . Appointments to Heidelberg and Freiburg in 1933/34 and 1938/39 for political reasons were also unsuccessful. This was also due to the fact, which became known in the 1930s, that Aubin's wife had a Jewish great-grandfather. According to Mühle, doubts about his political reliability did not lead to a critical attitude towards the regime, but rather to Aubin attempted to counter the reservations through behavior that conformed to the system and thereby anticipate possible exclusion.

For Burleigh, Aubin had been "National Socialist reliable" since 1937. According to Mühle, Aubin identified with the goals and methods of the National Socialist regime by 1938 at the latest. This attitude was promoted by his German national-ethnic attitude, the foreign policy successes of the regime, his willingness to glorify violence and by the death of his older brother Gustav. Until 1938, the older, liberal brother was a critical antithesis to the political developments in Germany. The blackmailed cession of the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia in the Munich Agreement in September 1938 was "taken and gratefully perceived as a miracle" by Aubin. As a Greater German-minded Sudeten German, he saw the occupation of the Sudetenland as a "liberation". He also took note of the “Anschluss” of Austria in 1938 with satisfaction. The military successes of the Nazi regime sparked enthusiasm among Aubin. He regretted that he could no longer actively contribute militarily. Aubin welcomed the attack on Poland in 1939 "as a release from the impending danger on the eastern flank". In December 1939, at the first ceremonial opening of a German library in occupied Poland, Aubin praised it as an “act of the Führer” that the “all-Silesian space” separated by the Versailles Treaty had found its “unity” again. Aubin justified the National Socialists' policy of conquest and power with the "German cultural achievement in former Poland".

Aubin's euphoria for the war lasted into the early weeks of Operation Barbarossa in 1941, as the attack on the Soviet Union was known. In autumn 1944 he was forced to do digging work. Despite growing doubts since the war events in the winter of 1942/43 , Aubin fought, according to Mühle's interpretation, in the loyal fulfillment of his duties as a Volkssturmmann in the battle of Breslau . On February 17, 1945 he was slightly wounded in the arm and flown to Berlin. From there he came to Freiburg on March 20, 1945, where his mother-in-law had already taken in his wife and daughter. Until the end of the war, Aubin was not in a position to critically question his “ideological blindness”, according to his biographer Eduard Mühle, and his own contribution to the catastrophe.

post war period

Problem-free continuation of the career after 1945

In 1945, Aubin got through the denazification process without any problems as a professor who had been expelled from his home country . It was classified as "unencumbered". Aubin later confessed to the political system of the Federal Republic of Germany, founded in 1949, similar to the way he had quickly come to terms with the political conditions in the Weimar Republic and National Socialism. In the post-war period, Aubin avoided critical analysis of his own behavior during the Nazi era. Rather, he emphasized in 1954 that after the "seizure of power" by the National Socialists, he had "held back from the public as much as possible" and had been critical of Nazi ideas. Aubin limited himself to a view only interested in German fate. For him, the “Nazi villains” had driven the completely innocent German people “in the meanest way into misery”. His biographer Eduard Mühle regards Aubin's criticism of National Socialism “as a remarkably unreflective [...], yes, downright dishonest accusation”. Aubin described in detail the expulsion of the Germans from East Central Europe and the loss of the Prussian-German eastern provinces. The crimes committed by Germans were not mentioned, as was the war of extermination and the Holocaust , the latter he ignored not only in the immediate post-war period, but also in later years. As recently as 1965, he did not know that the Majdanek extermination camp was not located near Łódź but near Lublin .

Aubin was able to continue his academic career without major delays. In the winter semester 1945/46 he represented Percy Ernst Schramm at the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen . At times he kept teaching history there upright. As early as 1946, he taught as a full professor for middle and modern history at the chair at the University of Hamburg, which had been vacant since July 1943 . The Hamburg faculty judged Aubin not only as “one of the first representatives of medieval history”, but also as a “non-National Socialist and a man of democratic-liberal sentiments”. However, Aubin wanted to teach in Bonn, Heidelberg or Göttingen. But these hopes remained unfulfilled. According to a letter to Siegfried A. Kaehler in January 1949, the Hamburg chair seemed "almost like a mockery, a pure refugee position". At the beginning of April 1946 he reluctantly accepted a position at the University of Hamburg. He kept his residence in Freiburg. As an academic teacher at the University of Hamburg, Aubin supervised two habilitation theses, 38 dissertations and 27 state examination theses. Thematically, the works dealt mainly with North and Low German history. His most important academic students in Hamburg included Carl Haase , Ernst Pitz , Klaus von See , Heinz Stoob , and Günter Will .

After 1945 he played a leading role in the re-establishment of the "German East Research". Aubin was the founder of the Johann Gottfried Herder Research Council in 1950 and the first president until 1959 . From 1952 to 1966 he was editor of the Zeitschrift für Ostforschung . As co-founder and from 1953 to 1958 chairman of the Association of German Historians , as a member of the Central Directorate of Monumenta Germaniae Historica (since 1946) and President of the Historical Commission at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences (1959–1965), Aubin shaped West German history in the post-war period considerable measure with.

Final years (1954–1969)

After his retirement in the winter semester of 1953/54, Aubin moved his center of life entirely to Freiburg. In February 1955 he was awarded an honorary professorship at the university there. His lectures dealt with the economic and urban history in the late Middle Ages and the early modern period, the history of East German settlements, the history of the Upper Rhine region and the Empire of the Ottonians . According to his biographer Eduard Mühle, Aubin opposed the gradual changes in domestic and foreign policy with his "insistence on an outdated, upper-class, German-national, ethnic mentality".

In the fifties and sixties of the 20th century, Aubin still understood the National Socialist policy of conquest, east and nationality as a contribution to the solution of the East Central European nationality problems. Even his closest personal circle was uncomfortably affected. As always, he made such statements with the “great calm certainty of a clear conscience”, as he assured the Herder Research Council in May 1953. After all, science had no connection with National Socialism. A year before his death, he confessed that he had "rejected the ideas of National Socialism from the start". He died of a stroke on March 11, 1969 at the age of 83.

Aubin was an honored scholar during his lifetime. He became a full member of the Historical Commission for Westphalia (since 1934, corresponding member from 1960). In 1954 he became an honorary member of the Austrian Institute for Historical Research and in 1967 an honorary member of the Association for Economic History at Harvard . Aubin was a member of the Berlin , Munich and Göttingen academies of science . As early as 1946, at the suggestion of Siegfried Kaehler, he was accepted as a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen. On his 70th birthday in December 1955, he received the Grand Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, a high political distinction as a historian, and an honorary doctorate from the Universities of Hamburg and Cologne. From 1959 he was honorary president of the Johann Gottfried Herder Research Council. In 1962 he was one of the first recipients of the Liebieg Medal . In 1966 he became honorary chairman of the Commission internationale pour l'histoire des Villes . On the occasion of his 80th birthday, the Herder Research Council donated the “Hermann-Aubin-Stipendium” to promote the next generation of scientists.

plant

Activity as a science organizer and history politician

Foundation of the Institute for Historical Regional Studies

The Institute for Historical Regional Studies of the Rhineland , founded by Aubin in 1920, was Germany's oldest regional historical institute after the Leipzig Seminar for Regional Studies and Settlement Studies. For the evaluation of the entire source material about the Rhineland, not only the university structures, but also local researchers interested in the country's history should be involved. The institute's task was to create a link between local research and science, for example through advanced training courses. In addition to scientific aspects, political interests were also in the foreground when the institute was founded. In the Millennium celebration of the Rhineland presented Aubin given the occupation of the Rhineland with an exhibition of historical maps and accompanying contributions to the "Connection of the Rhineland" as "the organizationally essential rounding of the German state".

Since 1924, Aubin has been able to network as a science organizer through conferences and meetings. This also gave him the opportunity to make his Bonn model of historical regional studies known to a larger specialist group. An important forum for this was the 14th German Historians' Day in September 1924 in Frankfurt am Main. For the first time, the three directors of the existing regional historical institutes appeared there together with Aubin for Bonn, Adolf Helbok for Innsbruck and Rudolf Kötzschke for Leipzig. In programmatic lectures they presented their perspectives on regional historical research. Through these activities, Aubin made a name for himself in the network of German research. Thanks to his historical-political activities, he was able to take over the chairmanship of the Saarland Research Association in autumn 1926, which he held until 1937. The research community advocated the reorganization of the Saar area. It should provide scientific evidence for the German characteristics of the Saar area. Not least, his reputation as a science organizer was decisive for his appointment to Breslau in 1929.

Expansion of Wroclaw to the center of "Ostforschung" and political advice in the Nazi state (1933–1945)

Under Aubin, Breslau developed into a center of German East research and regional history research in Silesia. Since 1931 he was a board member of the Association for the History and Antiquity of Silesia . After the theologian Franz Xaver Seppelt had resigned the chairmanship of the Historical Commission for Silesia in the autumn of 1933 , Hermann Aubin succeeded him by a board resolution of January 15, 1934. He immediately subjected the commission to the National Socialist leader principle . In addition, from 1933 he was Albert Brackmann's deputy chairman of the North and East German Research Association (NOFG). At his chair in 1937 he established the "Institute for historical regional studies of Silesia". According to Aubin, the students at the University of Breslau should be trained in the problems and languages ​​of the East in such a way “that they are absolutely ready for action at any moment - in war and peace - in the interests of the state and military authorities”. Important academic students of Aubin in Breslau were Ludwig Petry , Gerhard Sappok , Werner Trillmich and Hermann Uhtenwoldt . In 1938 Aubin became a member of the advisory board of the research project "Forest and Tree in the Germanic-Aryan intellectual and cultural history" of the SS Ahnenerbe Research Association . Since autumn 1939, Aubin was head of the “State Office for Silesia for Post-War History” in the Office for Silesian Regional Studies, which was supposed to analyze the process of “Umvolkung”, ie the assimilation between Poles, Germans and Jews.

Since the 1930s, Aubin accepted particularly committed young people into a working group that specifically dealt with "Eastern issues". Heinrich Appelt , Ernst Birke, Ludwig Petry, Marie Scholz-Babisch, Emil Schieche and Herbert Schlenger continuously belonged to the Wroclaw working group . Between autumn 1938 and spring 1940, Aubin and his Wroclaw working group produced numerous memoranda, maps and statistics on behalf of the Silesian President and Gauleiter Josef Wagner . The composition of the population was examined in the conquered Polish and Czechoslovak territories. Scientific production, on the other hand, at the Wroclaw working group lost significantly in importance compared to historical-political journalism. Out of 238 publications, only 14 were scientific publications. Hans-Erich Volkmann also points out that Aubin gathered young scientists around him in Breslau who “worked in the spirit of National Socialist national politics”.

The work of the Historical Commission for Silesia concentrated Aubin on a multi-volume history of Silesia and on the Silesian document book . The first volume in the multi-volume and interdisciplinary history of Silesia, which covered the period up to 1526, was published in 1938. Work on the second volume was finally stopped in the summer of 1944, mainly because of the war. Through his deputy chairmanship of the North and East German Research Association (NOFG) since December 1933, he exerted significant influence on research in the East. The aim of the NOFG was to bundle East German researchers from Germany and abroad in a personal network and, with their help, to work against the activities of Slavic and Baltic East Central Europe research.

Aubin was not a scholar who lived only for his science. For him, public education and training were among the tasks of a historian. The changes in foreign policy brought political advice as a new field of activity. With the attack on Poland on September 1, 1939, Aubin began to submit his reorganization ideas for the Polish area to the Nazi rulers, because science, he wrote in a letter to Albert Brackmann in September 1939, “cannot simply wait for it is asked, she must report herself to speak ”. He feared that, in view of the rapid military successes, decisions would be made that did not take sufficient account of the results of many years of ethnicity research in the “redesign of the Eastern Era”. In a letter from 1940 to his publisher Paul Kirchgraber , Aubin understood his work for the “reorganization of Silesia” and “Poland issues” as “civil war effort”. At the outbreak of war, 54-year-old Aubin tried to compensate for his age-related incapacity for military service through political engagement.

In the history of science, Aubin is considered to be the intellectual originator and instigator of Theodor Schieder's much-discussed Polish memoir of October 11, 1939, the "Record on the questions of the Germanization of Posen and West Prussia and the resettlements connected with it". 17 days after the attack on Poland, Aubin complained that the “ethnic issues in the East” had entered “a decisive stage”, but that those responsible for politics had apparently “stalled again”. He therefore suggested the creation of a memorandum. A working meeting was called in Wroclaw to discuss the future reorganization of Poland. On September 28, 1939, Aubin held a meeting in Breslau with Albert Brackmann, Walter Kuhn , Ernst Birke, Theodor Schieder, Ludwig Petry and Werner Trillmich in order to draft a “work plan for the memorandum on the East German Reich and Volkstums border”. Up for discussion were “the historical prerequisites and conditions for the success of a generous settlement policy in the eastern regions”. The intended memorandum was discussed jointly in Breslau . Schieder was then entrusted with writing it. Aubin was involved in the preparation, but not in the formulation of the text. The later text was not a protocol of the meeting, but Schieder formulated largely independently. The record describes Poland's new borders. The memorandum proposed a “return of German people” to the “regained eastern provinces”. The "recording" spoke of "population shifts of all dimensions" including a "separation of Judaism from the Polish cities", which were necessary to "create a closed German people's soil in these areas" and "a clear demarcation between Polish and German Volkstum "to achieve. The memorandum pleaded for the complete “de-Jewification of Poland” and suggested that the Jewish population be shipped overseas. Politico-military events had overtaken the memorandum before it was completed. With the preparation of the memorandum, Aubin and his working group according to Eduard Mühle “took the National Socialist policy of conquest and extermination into consideration to a large extent, accepted the forced relocation of millions of people and the genocide that escalated from them and in this way indirectly supported them”. Hans-Erich Volkmann put the Schiedersche Polendenkschrift in a conceptual context with a lecture by Aubin in December 1939 in order to show how much Aubin identified himself with such ideas. In the lecture, Aubin spoke out against the assimilation of Poles in the German settlement area and in favor of demarcation according to the principle of strict racial segregation.

In mid-December 1939, Aubin and Johannes Papritz , the directors of the Berlin-Dahlem Publications Office of the Secret State Archives, were given the opportunity to present their ideas on national politics to Governor General Hans Frank in an atmosphere of trust. With Frank's views on the “German-Polish problems”, Aubin, as he said, “completely” agreed. In February 1943, Aubin said: "We must not abandon our politicians". This conviction was associated with the endeavor to maintain scientific self-preservation in total war . Until 1943, Aubin gave lectures to Wehrmacht units from France to the Ukraine. In his lectures to officers at the front, Aubin also spoke about "pollution by Poles or even Jews". Until autumn 1944 he took part in political and scientific discussions in the occupied eastern territories.

Restoration of the "Ostforschung" after 1945

The year 1945 brought no break in Aubin's understanding of science. As early as 1946, Aubin and Johannes Papritz were looking for a replacement for the North and East German Research Association and the Dahlem Publication Center. In 1949, a group of researchers interested in the East commissioned Aubin to "revive the work of the existing North and East German Research Association and to prepare a central research center, corresponding to the earlier publication center in Berlin-Dahlem". At the first historians' day in September 1949, Aubin came to the conclusion in consultations with Hans Rothfels , Werner Markert , Theodor Schieder , Werner Conze and Franz Petri about an initiative to re-establish an interdisciplinary east research project: “We don't need to change. Of course, as always, it is still about the pure truth ”. Like most Eastern researchers, Aubin stuck to the traditional German-centered view of history.

As a professor in Hamburg, he systematically gathered his former like-minded colleagues, friends and students from the field of Eastern research, including Walter Kuhn, Gotthold Rhode , Bruno Schumacher and Werner Trillmich. Research has therefore spoken of a "Breslau connection" in Hamburg. In doing so, Aubin also served the interests of some Hamburg politicians. In 1945, on the occasion of the reopening of the Hamburg University, the SPD school senator Heinrich Landahl demanded to recruit university teachers who had become “scientifically homeless” and had lost their jobs in the East. Aubin worked closely with Erich Keyser , who had published on “Population History” during the Nazi era. At the same time, Aubin specifically distanced himself from Hans Joachim Beyer , Walther Steller , Hanns-Detlef von Krannhals and Wilfried Krallert , who were too burdened by their past.

The Johann Gottfried Herder Research Council , founded primarily by Aubin in Marburg in 1950 , continued the traditional lines in terms of staff and institutions. In the history of East Central Europe, the German-centered view was retained. In view of the loss of territory in the east, according to Aubin, the Herder Research Council had to "take over the defense of what is being attacked from outside: the claim of Germans on its eastern territories". He considered it a task of "Ostforschung" to justify the displaced persons' claim to a homeland and to support the federal government in its border demands. In the post-war period, Aubin's work on history and politics was particularly recognized by the associations of expellees with their concern for a “right to a home”.

Research work

Constitutional beginnings

Aubin's Freiburg dissertation and his post-doctoral thesis in Bonn remained committed to traditional constitutional history. Aubin has not embarked on new social, cultural or folk historical paths. With both works he pursued the goal of “understanding the peculiar process in which the territories were formed within the German Reich”. With the habilitation thesis on the emergence of state sovereignty on the Lower Rhine, he replaced the ideas of the constitutional history of the time and brought the discussion about the origin of state sovereignty considerably forward. It was only in the 1940s and 1950s that Otto Brunner and Walter Schlesinger were able to make further progress.

Cultural research and turning to folk history

The concept of interdisciplinary research in cultural areas goes back to Aubin. In doing so, he was guided by the cultural-historical approaches of Karl Lamprecht . Aubin tried with the help of German studies, archeology, folklore, sociology and above all with linguistics and historical cartography to grasp cultural areas in their dynamics. All of the source material relevant to a region should be evaluated. The novelty of Aubin's concept of the cultural space at that time consisted in the interdisciplinarity and in the fact that it broke away from state borders. According to Mühle's assessment, his model nevertheless resulted in a certain statics, "in that it ultimately made the space appear to be a relatively constant size regardless of human-induced change". The primary goal of Aubin's cultural research was not a better understanding of individual cultural provinces and their cultural currents; rather, it should shed light on “the German character as it has historically become”. The frame of reference remained the unitary national state. Aubin's cultural area research not only pursued a scientific interest, but was also motivated by national politics. Historical regional studies should make an important contribution to the intellectual "defense of the Westmark".

According to Eduard Mühle in Aubin's cultural space research, the terms “folk and cultural soil” initially played no role. It was only through his involvement in folk and cultural soil research in 1924/26 that he took up an ethnically based folk history. The key concepts of this new form of national history were no longer territory and dynasty, but rather “land” and “people” and “culture”. Willi Oberkrome (2000) described early cultural research as the “spearhead of an ethno-nationalist historical science”. Above all Willi Oberkrome, Ingo Haar , Peter Schöttler , Michael Fahlbusch and Hans-Erich Volkmann unanimously stated that the folk-nationalistic cultural space concept founded in the early 1920s thoughtfully prepared the conquest and annihilation policy of National Socialism and that its main representatives prepared the Nazi rulers have helped. According to Oberkrome's studies of Rudolf Kötzschke , Werner Conze , Walter Kuhn and Hermann Aubin, the folk-historical "Ostforschung" made the German claims in Eastern Europe "even more drastically than before the National Socialist seizure of power".

Concentration on "Ostforschung": "German East Movement", Eastern colonization and the history of Silesia

Apart from two publications in 1925 and 1928, the "German East" had no meaning in Aubin's research work for a long time. Thematically dominated studies on Rhenish history as well as social and economic-historical aspects. It was not until 1930 that Aubin shifted its focus to the "German East". Of 96 texts published between 1930 and 1944, more than half were Ostforschungs publications. His biographer Eduard Mühle observed a change in the reorientation from Western research to Silesian Eastern research. In Bonn, Aubin had published methodologically innovative studies on German administrative and constitutional history. From the 1930s and 1940s, however, he increasingly concentrated on historical-political essays. These texts were small in scope, written for current events and little developed from the sources. He did not consider relevant Polish and Czech research in his work, although he was familiar with it through research reports and translations. He also did not process all of the relevant medieval research. He did not critically address deviating, non-folk-historical studies. According to Eduard Mühle, the "respected Medievalist [...] as a scholar of the East exposed himself to no small degree to the risk of deprofessionalization". Aubin's actions were determined by pronounced disdain for the East Central European peoples. He felt it was unnecessary to learn an Eastern European language and avoided contact with academics from Eastern Europe. He perceived the Slavic peoples and the Eastern European Jews merely as objects of German action.

Aubin's publications in Ostforschung from 1933 to 1944 dealt with the eastern region and the "German eastern movement", the high and late medieval German colonization in the East and the history of Silesia. He wrote neither a large monograph on the history of the “German East” or East Central Europe, nor a work on the states and peoples of Eastern Europe. The central interpretation category for his picture of the history of the "German East" was a "German East Movement" that had lasted for centuries since the early Middle Ages . Aubin assumed a German cultural superiority and identified a west-east development gap. Aubin saw a political power imbalance in the east as the second impetus for an East German movement. This gave the “German people” the “possibility of expanding their national and people's territory” in the east. Aubin borrowed the vocabulary to describe the German settlement in the east from the military context; he used expressions such as “advance”, “attack” or “advance and march in” as well as natural images such as “flow”, “overflow and onward flow” or “flood”. Gustav Höfken 's idea of ​​a continuously sustained East German movement from the Carolingian era to modern times had been represented in research by Gustav Höfken since the middle of the 19th century . He wanted to set himself apart from previous research by using comparative and multidisciplinary methods. But Aubin failed to empirically implement his procedures, methods and theories in papers; they fell short of his one-sided interest in the German part in shaping the East. Aubin proceeded in a similar way in his other two subject areas, the high and late medieval colonization of the East and the history of the entire Silesian region. With the " Ostkolonisierung " Aubin assumed primitive pre-colonial conditions in the east, whereby the "German colonization" could appear as a great cultural achievement. The methods of cultural area research developed in Bonn were not taken into account for the history of the Silesian area with the exception of dialect research. In this area too, Aubin was less concerned with expanding historical knowledge than with considering events from the perspective of “becoming German”.

Nevertheless, Aubin also wrote essays that did not deal with Eastern research topics. Most of this work has been published in reputable academic journals and manuals. In 1940, in the second volume of the Propylaea World History , his contribution appeared The transformation of the West through the Teutons up to the end of the Carolingian period . In 1943, von Aubin published an article in the historical journal on the question of historical continuity. The basis of the text was a lecture that Aubin had given in 1942 to medievalists and legal historians at the conference Use of the humanities during the war in Magdeburg. On the one hand, Aubin dealt critically with Alfons Dopsch's theory of continuous cultural development in all areas that had become Germanic empires from the early Roman Empire to the early Middle Ages. Aubin called for a differentiated view according to regions and noted a break in the tradition in science, literature and art. On the other hand, he did not want to join an analysis of cultural takeover based on racial disposition, as represented by Otto Höfler , because he saw no reliable basis for such analyzes. At the same time, Aubin also wanted to give the “Germanic part in the existence of Western customs the validity it deserves”, but warned that one should not arouse the misunderstanding “as if we were not sure of our Germanic basic substance and its decisive contribution to today's world culture”. "Race" now played a bigger role in Aubin's argument than it did in the 1920s. He saw the prerequisite for cultural continuity, among other things, in the "racially determined nature of the adopting nationality".

According to Bernd-A. Rusinek had "swaggered" Aubin in 1925 when the Rhenish identity was derived from races and tribes. Gerd Althoff attests to Aubin "racist arrogance" based on a lecture from 1932. Eduard Mühle certifies that Aubin was “considerably open” to racial studies as a scientific working method, namely in the early 1930s on the occasion of his stay in Cairo. According to Mühle, from 1937/38 onwards, Aubin opened his image of the Eastern movement “for a biological-racial reception” in an “opportunistic response to political-ideological expectations”. Hans-Erich Volkmann not only states that Aubin has an “affinity for racist ideas”, but also that he has “deeply rooted, racially-based cultural arrogance” towards Poles and Czechs, even before 1940. After Hans-Erich Volkmann, Aubin made a statement in 1940 at the opening ceremony the Sudeten German Institute for State and Folk Research expressed his affinity for racist ideas. According to Aubin, "the whole of Czechia [...] was completely saturated with Germanness, not only culturally through constant infiltration, [...] but also purely biologically through incessant blood donation".

Henning Trüper (2005) examined Aubin's role as editor of the quarterly journal for social and economic history (VSWG) under National Socialism. As editor of the VSWG, Aubin only published works that he fully approved politically. The race theory bypassed Aubin, but with more fundamental approval than rejection. But he shared the basic racist consensus of the ethnic German research communities, which always meant the exclusion of Jews. During the evaluation of the employee profiles, the essays and reviews, Trüper found that this editorial activity did not reveal any clear editorial line. Aubin stuck to the internationality of economic history and the political pluralism of the journal. In doing so, he kept the traditions of his predecessor and teacher von Below. At the same time he opened the magazine for folk history, which, due to its traditional national-historical orientation, was not compatible with international standards.

Maintaining the German-centered world and history image in the post-war period

After the war, contributions to Eastern research made up only a small part of Aubin's work. Of 69 publications, only 20 were devoted to Eastern research. In the late 1940s to 1960s, his work was mainly dominated by the history of the north German state and later in Freiburg the history of the south-west German state. A large part of his time was taken up by the work on the German Commercial Files of the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age and the Handbook of German Economic History in the Middle Ages . The Westfalen Raumwerk, which began in 1929, was also continued. This work was intended to illuminate the nature and limits of the Westphalia region.

After 1945, Aubin continued to see the “German people” as part of a “Western cultural community”. From then on he tried to place the German “people's fate” in a European context. The “Occident” topos was more popular than ever before in its political and academic environment after the Second World War . After the destruction in Europe by the wars, it was possible to remember the common roots of the Christian-Occidental tradition and to conceal the concrete responsibility for the causes of National Socialism.

In 1949, in a memorandum for the Federal Ministry for All-German Issues , Aubin named the displaced persons problem as a new task for “Ostforschung” , “not its practical solution, but its scientific preparation”. In addition, the “historical claim of the displaced to their homeland” should be justified. He saw the preservation of the “popular property” and the integration of the displaced as further fields of activity for “folk research”. The federal government should be supported "in the preparation of the peace treaty, in representing our claims beyond Oder-Neisse, for a hoped-for resettlement there".

The Federal Republican "Ostforschung" was expanded to include the history of the Soviet Union and Bolshevism . In a programmatic article for the first issue of the Zeitschrift für Ostforschung , published in 1952 , Aubin combined the cultural support of the Germans in the East with a now democratic defensive struggle against Bolshevism. In this context, Aubin cited the “concept of order” in National Socialism as a “remedy for the East Central European problem”. Even in the age of the Cold War, this statement threatened to damage the reputation of the Federal Republic. The Bundestag then dealt with Eastern research. The MP Willy Brandt described Aubin's statement as an "embarrassing belittling of the National Socialist Ostpolitik ". In addition to the Cold War climate, Willi Oberkrome asserts two further factors for the continuity of “Ostforschung” in the 1950s: on the one hand, a scientifically based distance from National Socialism and, on the other hand, with the skepticism for innovation and a longing for home, socio-political factors of the post-war period.

Aubin's actions and thoughts were characterized by a high degree of continuity. Eduard Mühle's analysis of three essays from 1930, 1940 and 1956 came to the conclusion that Aubin retained his basic convictions of the "East" through all regimes and also after the Second World War. Aubin cleared his texts, written between 1925 and 1944, of national socialist references and had them reprinted in the Federal Republic. In July 1960, in a letter to Ernst Birke, Aubin defended the traditional concept of the people against a modern concept of nationality, as represented by Hans-Dietrich Kahl , with the statement that “otherwise negroes could also become Germans”. In a letter to Johannes Papritz written in 1966, Aubin is said to have regretted that he had not got the time to “summarize and carry out the scientific approaches of earlier decades”. Until the end of his life, he did not deviate from his German-centered, völkisch-national approach.

effect

Scientific aftermath

After the end of the Third Reich, it took many years until the views of Aubin and many other similarly thinking historians on German "Ostforschung" were critically questioned and overcome. In March 1963, Walter Schlesinger gave a lecture to the Johann Gottfried Herder Research Council on the medieval German East movement and German East research . His statements critical of tradition sparked a heated discussion, but initially remained limited to the conference participants. The manuscript of the lecture was marked as confidential "For official use only" and was only made available to a small group of scientists close to the Research Council. Schlesinger found that the "Ostforschung" was "not about East Central Europe in general, but [...] about the Germans and their achievements in this area". Accordingly, “no real East Central European research could come about”. Not all council members agreed with Schlesinger's remarks. In a contribution to the discussion, Aubin took the view that "one should not now enter into a court of fragments about the past". Schlesinger's statements were taken up many times in the following years, although they were not publicly available. It was not until 1997 that they were printed in the journal for East Central Europe Research . Roderich Schmidt and Gotthold Rhode still saw 1972/73 as "decisive postulates for the future" to go beyond the role of Germanness in East Central Europe and to grasp "East Central Europe as a historical whole".

Unlike Gerhard Ritter with his biography of Stein or Friedrich Meinecke with his portrayal of cosmopolitanism and the nation state , Aubin was not remembered with a “big book”. The presentation on history, language and folklore that he published in 1926 together with the German scholar Theodor Frings from Bonn and the folklorist Josef Müller was reprinted 40 years later and was considered a standard work in German studies.

With the exception of a few impulses for regional history from his early creative period, Aubin's research is no longer valid in historical studies. The Westphalian spatial work suggested by Aubin and only completed in 1996 was for Werner Freitag "only used as a quarry after its appearance, as a conceptual attempt it remained without successor". In contrast, Karl Schlögel has rediscovered Aubins historical cultural research in connection with the spatial turn . For his biographer Eduard Mühle (2005) it is “only the scientific organizational work that can still impress the East researcher Hermann Aubin today.” Only the Herder Institute in Marburg still exists of his work as a scientific organizer. The Bonn Institute for Historical Regional Studies of the Rhineland was dissolved in 2005.

Discussion about Aubin's role in National Socialism

In the commemorative publications and obituaries for Hermann Aubin, problematic aspects of his work under National Socialism were, according to Mühle, either ignored or euphemized. In a commemorative publication published in 1950, Aubin was moved into the area of ​​resistance against the Nazi regime. The editors described him as a "warning shouter in view of the crossroads at which the German government began to follow a wrong path". Aubin's successor at the Hamburg chair, Otto Brunner , who was himself involved in the Nazi system, wrote in an obituary published in 1969 that Aubin's views were “completely remote from the destructive plans of National Socialist politics”. The third president of the Johann Gottfried Herder Research Council, Günther Grundmann, found out about his friend Aubin in June 1969 that he had been a man who "had worked in silence in a great way during the Third Reich [...]."

The SED -Führung to discredit the Federal Republic of internationally tried in the late 1950s. She accused her of protecting Nazi criminals. Leo Stern described Hermann Aubin, Walther Hubatsch and Werner Markert as "notorious Nazi historians". Rudi Goguel classified Aubin as a "Nazi ideologist of the purest quality". His writings were judged by Rudolf Graf “as a direct moral justification for the extermination policy of German imperialism”. Under the conditions of the Cold War, these assessments from the GDR hampered a detailed analysis of his work during the Nazi era by West German research, which tended to conceal the National Socialist past of the institutions and their most important sponsors. When students and companions held a commemoration in the Johann Gottfried Herder Research Council on their 100th birthday in December 1985, the then director of the Herder Institute, Roderich Schmidt, rejected the unfavorable assessments of Aubin's past during the Nazi era as unjustified and described them as " Klitterung ".

It was not until the late 1980s that Michael Burleigh's study promoted the interest of Western research in the entanglement of Eastern researchers with National Socialism. The fact that German history began to critically examine the role of some prominent historians during the Nazi era, including primarily Hermann Aubin, Theodor Schieder, Werner Conze and Karl Dietrich Erdmann , was resolved in 1998 at the Frankfurt Historians' Day Debates. The section “German Historians under National Socialism” attracted the greatest attention on September 10, 1998, headed by Otto Gerhard Oexle and Winfried Schulze . The newly started discussion led to a more detailed study of the scholar Aubin and to a more critical point of view.

Despite intensive research, the picture of Aubin's involvement in National Socialism remains contradictory and inconsistent. The range of assessments extends to the idea that he must be viewed as a “historiographical thought leader of annihilation”. There is agreement in the historical scholarship that Aubin did not oppose the Nazi regime in resistance. The different assessments arose from the fact that only part of his work had been subjected to a source-based analysis. There was a lack of comprehensive personal history studies that took into account the entire scientific work and political behavior. These research gaps on Aubin were closed later mainly through the work of Eduard Mühle .

Eduard Mühle published a biography of Aubin on a broad source basis in 2005. His presentation is divided into three major sections: Aubin's biography as a contemporary, his work as a science organizer and his historiographical work. Mühle takes into account all phases of the historian's life between the 1920s and 1960s and thereby avoids narrowing the perspective to the period between 1933 and 1945. For him, Aubin was not a “pioneer of annihilation”, but a “co-thinker” of “ethnic land consolidation” and “reorganization Central Europe ". Mühle conceptually classifies Aubin between fellow travelers and accomplices. Mühle judged Aubin's political and ideological adaptation to National Socialism after 1933 as “part of those conditions that ultimately made the race war and genocide possible”. In addition to his biography, Mühle has published several individual studies on Aubin. In 2008, Mühle published an edition of the letters. It comprises 228 letters, which mainly relate to "Ostforschung". By the end of his life in March 1969, Aubin wrote about 12,000 letters, according to a rough estimate, most of which, however, have been lost.

Fonts

• A list of publications can be found in the volume Hermann Aubin: Fundamentals and perspectives of historical cultural research and cultural morphology. Essays on comparative national and folk history from 4 1/2 decades. Röhrscheid, Bonn 1965, pp. 799-816.

Source editions

• Eduard Mühle (Ed.): Letters from the East researcher Hermann Aubin from the years 1910–1968 (= sources on the history and regional studies of East Central Europe. Vol. 7). Herder Institute, Marburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-87969-349-8 .

literature

• Ingo Haar : Historian under National Socialism. German history and the “Volkstumskampf” in the East (= critical studies on history . Vol. 143). 2nd, revised and improved edition. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2000, ISBN 3-525-35942-X (also: Halle, University, dissertation, 1998).
• Jakob Michelsen: From Breslau to Hamburg. Ostforscher at the historical seminar of the University of Hamburg after 1945. In: Rainer Hering, Rainer Nicolaysen (Hrsg.): Lebendige Sozialgeschichte. Commemorative publication for Peter Borowsky. Westdeutscher Verlag, Wiesbaden 2003, ISBN 978-3-322-89788-6 , pp. 659-681.
• Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and the German Ostforschung (= writings of the Federal Archives. Vol. 65). Droste, Düsseldorf 2005, ISBN 3-7700-1619-X .
• Eduard Mühle: Hermann Aubin (1885–1969). In: Joachim Bahlcke (Ed.): Schlesische Lebensbilder. Vol. 11. Degener, Insingen 2012, ISBN 978-3-7686-3513-4 , pp. 489-503.
• Willi Oberkrome : folk history. Methodical innovation and ethnic ideology in German history 1918–1945 (= Critical Studies in History. Vol. 101). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1993, ISBN 3-525-35764-8 (also: Bielefeld, University, dissertation, 1991-1992).
• Axel Schildt : Aubin, Hermann . In: Franklin Kopitzsch, Dirk Brietzke (Hrsg.): Hamburgische Biographie . tape 6 . Wallstein, Göttingen 2012, ISBN 978-3-8353-1025-4 , p. 20-22 .
• Henning Trüper: The quarterly journal for social and economic history and its publisher Hermann Aubin under National Socialism (= quarterly journal for social and economic history: supplements. No. 181). Steiner, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-515-08670-6 .
• Hans-Erich Volkmann : Hermann Aubin. In: Michael Fahlbusch , Ingo Haar , Alexander Pinwinkler (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Völkischen Wissenschaften. Actors, networks, research programs. With the assistance of David Hamann. 2nd completely revised and expanded edition. Vol. 1, De Gruyter Oldenbourg, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-11-042989-3 , pp. 55-59.

Web links

• Literature by and about Hermann Aubin in the catalog of the German National Library
• Publications by and about Hermann Aubin at Litdok East Central Europe / Herder Institute
• Publications by Hermann Aubin in the Opac der Regesta Imperii
• Eduard Mühle: Hermann Aubin (1885–1969), historian. In: Portal Rhenish History. Personalities, ed. from the Rhineland Regional Council.
• Prof. Dr. Hermann Aubin at the Historical Commission for Westphalia

Remarks

1. ↑ Quoted from Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 23.
2. ↑ Quoted from Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 19.
3. ↑ Peter Alheit , Irena Szlachcicowa, František Zich (eds.): Biographies in the border area. An investigation in the Euroregion Neisse. Dresden 2006, p. 390.
4. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 19.
5. ^ Eduard Mühle: The European East in the Perception of German Historians. The example of Hermann Aubin. In: Gregor Thum (ed.): Dreamland East. German images of Eastern Europe in the 20th century. Göttingen 2006, pp. 110-137, here: p. 112.
6. ^ Hermann Aubin: The administrative organization of the principality of Paderborn in the Middle Ages. Berlin u. a. 1911.
   Review by Eduard Rosenthal in: Historische Zeitschrift . Vol. 111, No. 1, 1913, pp. 166-168; Link .
   Review by Hans Goldschmidt , in: Journal of the Savigny Foundation for Legal History . German Department. Vol. 32, Issue 1, August 1911, pp. 500-502; doi: 10.7767 / zrgga.1911.32.1.500 .
7. ^ Hermann Heimpel: Aspects. Old and new texts. Edited by Sabine Krüger, Göttingen 1995, p. 174.
8. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 33.
9. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 54.
10. ^ Hermann Aubin: The emergence of state sovereignty according to Lower Rhine sources. Studies of County, Immunity, and Bailiwick. Berlin 1920.
11. ↑ See the review by Christian Tilitzki in: Yearbook for the History of Central and Eastern Germany . Vol. 52, 2006, pp. 377-380.
12. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 623.
13. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 62.
14. ^ Michael Burleigh: Germany turns eastwards. A study of Ostforschung in the Third Reich. Cambridge 1988, p. 9.
15. ↑ Ingo Haar: No willingness to learn. Eduard Mühle on the historian Hermann Aubin. In Süddeutsche Zeitung , November 22, 2005, p. 16.
16. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 70.
17. ↑ Eduard Mühle: Hermann Aubin, the 'German East' and National Socialism - Interpretations of an academic activity in the Third Reich. In: Hartmut Lehmann , Otto Gerhard Oexle (Hrsg.): National Socialism in the Cultural Studies. Volume 1: Subjects - Milieus - Careers. Göttingen 2004, pp. 531–591, here: p. 555.
18. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 66.
19. ↑ Eduard Mühle: Hermann Aubin, the 'German East' and National Socialism - Interpretations of an academic activity in the Third Reich. In: Hartmut Lehmann, Otto Gerhard Oexle (Hrsg.): National Socialism in the Cultural Studies. Volume 1: Subjects - Milieus - Careers. Göttingen 2004, pp. 531–591, here: p. 535. Friedrich Lenger: Hermann Aubin and Theodor Mayer. Regional history - folk history - political history. In: Panorama. 400 years of the University of Giessen. Actors, locations, culture of remembrance. Frankfurt am Main 2007, pp. 114–119, here: p. 115.
20. ↑ Quoted from Eduard Mühle: "Happy back from the wild Schlachzizen". Hermann Aubin and the International Congress of Historians in Warsaw in 1933. In: Bernhard Symanzik (Ed.): Studia Philologica Slavica. Festschrift for Gerhard Birkfellner on his 65th birthday. Berlin 2006, pp. 477–494, here: p. 477.
21. ↑ Hans-Erich Volkmann : Historians from political passion. Hermann Aubin as a folk history, cultural soil and East researcher. In: Journal of History . Vol. 49, 2001, pp. 32-49, here: p. 33.
22. ↑ Eduard Mühle: "Happy back from the wild Schlachzizen". Hermann Aubin and the International Congress of Historians in Warsaw in 1933. In: Bernhard Symanzik (Ed.): Studia Philologica Slavica. Festschrift for Gerhard Birkfellner on his 65th birthday. Berlin 2006, pp. 477–494, here: p. 479.
23. ↑ On the results discussed as the "Dehn case" cf. in detail Helmut Heiber : The university under the swastika. Part 1: The professor in the Third Reich. Images from the academic province. Munich 1991, pp. 91-108.
24. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 98. Eduard Mühle: Hermann Aubin, the 'German East' and National Socialism - Interpretations of an academic activity in the Third Reich. In: Hartmut Lehmann, Otto Gerhard Oexle (Hrsg.): National Socialism in the Cultural Studies. Volume 1: Subjects - Milieus - Careers. Göttingen 2004, pp. 531–591, here: p. 558.
25. ↑ Review of Hans-Christian Petersen on Eduard Mühle (ed.): Letters from the East researcher Hermann Aubin from the years 1910–1968. Marburg 2008. In: Bohemia. Vol. 49, 2009, pp. 264-266.
26. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 625. Eduard Mühle: "... simply familiar by instinct." On Hermann Aubin's understanding of science and his historical research into cultural areas. In: sheets for German national history . Vol. 139–140, 2003–2004, pp. 233–266, here: p. 253. ( digitized version )
27. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 99.
28. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 118. Michael Burleigh: Germany turns eastwards. A study of Ostforschung in the Third Reich. Cambridge 1988, p. 9.
29. ↑ Eduard Mühle: “… simply instinctively familiar.” On Hermann Aubin's understanding of science and his historical research into cultural areas. In: sheets for German national history. Vol. 139–140, 2003–2004, pp. 233–266, here: p. 253. ( digitized version )
30. ↑ Riccardo Bavaj : Modern science and national ideology - Hermann Aubin's cultural space research in the “Third Reich”. In: Joachim Scholtyseck , Christoph Studt (Ed.): Universities and students in the Third Reich. Affirmation, adjustment, resistance. XIX. Königswinterer Tagung from February 17-19, 2006. Berlin 2008, pp. 181–191, here: p. 187. Ingo Haar : Historian in National Socialism. German history and the “national struggle” in the east. 2nd, revised and improved edition. Göttingen 2002, p. 192.
31. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 103. Eduard Mühle (Ed.): Letters from the Ostforscher Hermann Aubin from the years 1910–1968. Marburg 2008, pp. 165-168. Arno Herzig : The East Research of the University of Hamburg after 1945. In: Rainer Nicolaysen , Axel Schildt (Hrsg.): 100 years of historical science in Hamburg. Berlin et al. 2011, pp. 181–196, here: pp. 183f.
32. ↑ So Hans-Erich Volkmann to Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German east. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005. In: Sozial.Geschichte. Issue 3/2006, pp. 95-97.
33. ↑ Eduard Mühle: Hermann Aubin, the 'German East' and National Socialism - Interpretations of an academic activity in the Third Reich. In: Hartmut Lehmann, Otto Gerhard Oexle (Hrsg.): National Socialism in the Cultural Studies. Volume 1: Subjects - Milieus - Careers. Göttingen 2004, pp. 531–591, here: p. 559.
34. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 94f. and 106-110.
35. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 110.
36. ^ Michael Burleigh: Germany turns eastwards. A study of Ostforschung in the Third Reich. Cambridge 1988, p. 9.
37. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 116.
38. ↑ Riccardo Bavaj: Modern science and national ideology - Hermann Aubin's cultural space research in the “Third Reich”. In: Joachim Scholtyseck, Christoph Studt (Ed.): Universities and students in the Third Reich. Affirmation, adjustment, resistance. XIX. Königswinterer Conference from February 17-19, 2006. Berlin 2008, pp. 181–191, here: p. 187.
39. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 114.
40. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 116.
41. ^ Ingo Haar: Historians in National Socialism. German history and the “national struggle” in the east. 2nd, revised and improved edition. Göttingen 2002, p. 335.
42. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 380.
43. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 123f.
44. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, pp. 141-145.
45. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, pp. 126–128. Eduard Mühle (Ed.): Letters from the Eastern researcher Hermann Aubin from the years 1910–1968. Marburg 2008, p. 353.
46. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 142.
47. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 143.
48. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 594. See also the review by Eduard Mühle: Nicolas Berg: The Holocaust and the West German Historians. Exploration and memory. In: Journal for East Central Europe Research . Vol. 54, No. 2, 2005, pp. 276-277.
49. ↑ Quoted from Hans-Werner Goetz : History in Hamburg in the “Third Reich”. In: Rainer Nicolaysen, Axel Schildt (ed.): 100 years of historical studies in Hamburg. Berlin et al. 2011, pp. 103–160, here: p. 154, note 324.
    Eduard Mühle: For people and German east. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 134f.
50. ↑ Quoted from Hans-Werner Goetz: History in Hamburg in the “Third Reich”. In: Rainer Nicolaysen, Axel Schildt (ed.): 100 years of historical studies in Hamburg. Berlin et al. 2011, pp. 103–160, here: p. 155. Eduard Mühle: For people and German east. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 135.
51. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 140 note 545.
52. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 150f.
53. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 605.
54. ↑ Quoted from Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 606.
55. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 150.
56. ↑ Hans-Erich Volkmann: Hermann Aubin. In: Ingo Haar, Michael Fahlbusch (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Völkischen Wissenschaften. People - institutions - research programs - foundations. Munich 2008, pp. 58–62, here: p. 59. Eduard Mühle: For people and the German east. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 7.
57. ↑ Quoted from Eduard Mühle: "... simply familiar by instinct." On Hermann Aubin's understanding of science and his historical research into cultural areas. In: sheets for German national history. Vol. 139–140, 2003–2004, pp. 233–266, here: p. 244. ( digitized version )
58. ^ Matthias Werner : Between political limitation and methodological openness. Paths and stations of German regional historical research in the 20th century. In: Peter Moraw , Rudolf Schieffer (Ed.): The German-speaking Medieval Studies in the 20th Century. Ostfildern 2005, pp. 251–364, here: pp. 257f. ( Digitized version ); Enno Bünz: A regional historian in the 20th century. Rudolf Kötzschke (1867–1949) between methodical innovation and folk history. In: Enno Bünz (Ed.): 100 years of national history. Leipzig achievements, entanglements and effects. Leipzig 2012, pp. 43–78, here: p. 52.
59. ↑ For their activities cf. Michael Fahlbusch: Science in the Service of National Socialist Politics? The “Volksdeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft” from 1931–1945. Baden-Baden 1999, pp. 433-438.
60. ^ Ludwig Petry and Herbert Schlenger : Fifty Years Historical Commission for Silesia . In: Yearbook of the Schlesische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Breslau, Volume 17, 1972, p. 388.
61. ↑ Quoted from: Eduard Mühle: The European East in the Perception of German Historians. The example of Hermann Aubin. In: Gregor Thum (ed.): Dreamland East. German images of Eastern Europe in the 20th century. Göttingen 2006, pp. 110-137, here: p. 117.
62. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 269. Ingo Haar: Historians in National Socialism. German history and the “national struggle” in the east. 2nd, revised and improved edition. Göttingen 2002, p. 341.
63. ^ Eduard Mühle: The 'Silesian School of Eastern Research'. Hermann Aubin and his Wroclaw working group during the National Socialist years. In: Śląska republika uczonych - Silesian Republic of Scholars. Slezká vědecká obec. Vol. 1, Wrocław 2004, pp. 568-607.
64. ^ Arno Herzig: Die Ostforschung at the University of Hamburg after 1945. In: Rainer Nicolaysen, Axel Schildt (Ed.): 100 years of historical science in Hamburg. Berlin et al. 2011, pp. 181–196, here: p. 185. Eduard Mühle: “… simply instinctively familiar.” On Hermann Aubin's understanding of science and his historical research into cultural areas. In: sheets for German national history. Vol. 139–140, 2003–2004, pp. 233–266, here: p. 257. ( digitized version )
65. ↑ Eduard Mühle: Hermann Aubin, the 'German East' and National Socialism - Interpretations of an academic activity in the Third Reich. In: Hartmut Lehmann, Otto Gerhard Oexle (Hrsg.): National Socialism in the Cultural Studies. Volume 1: Subjects - Milieus - Careers. Göttingen 2004, pp. 531–591, here: p. 575.
66. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 267.
67. ^ Eduard Mühle: The 'Silesian School of Eastern Research'. Hermann Aubin and his Wroclaw working group during the National Socialist years. In: Śląska republika uczonych - Silesian Republic of Scholars. Slezká vědecká obec. Vol. 1, Wrocław 2004, pp. 568–607, here: p. 589.
68. ↑ Hans-Erich Volkmann to Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005. In: Sozial.Geschichte. Issue 3/2006, pp. 95-97.
69. ↑ See in detail Eduard Mühle: Für Volk und Deutschen Osten. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 269ff.
70. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 318.
71. ↑ Eduard Mühle (Ed.): Letters from the Eastern researcher Hermann Aubin from the years 1910–1968. Marburg 2008, p. 262.
72. ↑ Eduard Mühle: Hermann Aubin, the 'German East' and National Socialism - Interpretations of an academic activity in the Third Reich. In: Hartmut Lehmann, Otto Gerhard Oexle (Hrsg.): National Socialism in the Cultural Studies. Volume 1: Subjects - Milieus - Careers. Göttingen 2004, pp. 531–591, here: p. 577.
73. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, pp. 267 and 359. Christoph Nonn : Theodor Schieder. A bourgeois historian in the 20th century. Düsseldorf 2013, p. 85. Henning Trüper: The quarterly journal for social and economic history and its publisher Hermann Aubin in National Socialism. Stuttgart 2005, p. 60.
74. ↑ Hans-Erich Volkmann: Historians from political passion. Hermann Aubin as a folk history, cultural soil and East researcher. In: Zeitschrift für Geschichtswwissenschaft , Vol. 49, 2001, pp. 32–49, here: p. 43. Wolfgang J. Mommsen : “Falling monuments”? The "cases" of Aubin, Conze, Erdmann and Schieder. In: Jürgen Elvert , Susanne Krauss (ed.): Historical debates and controversies in the 19th and 20th centuries. Anniversary meeting of the Ranke Society in Essen, 2001. Stuttgart 2003, pp. 96-109, here: pp. 104f.
75. ↑ Quoted from: Hans-Christian Petersen, Jan Kusber: Eastern European History and Eastern Research. In: Jürgen Elvert, Jürgen Nielsen-Sikora (Hrsg.): Cultural Studies and National Socialism. Stuttgart 2008, pp. 289-312, here: p. 301.
76. ^ Hermann Aubin: Work plan for the memorandum on the East German Reich and Volkstums border. Minutes of the meeting on September 28, 1939. Quoted from Angelika Ebbinghaus , Karl Heinz Roth : Forerunner of the “General Plan East”. A documentation about Theodor Schierer's Polendenkschrift from October 7, 1939. In: 1999 - Journal for Social History of the 20th and 21st Century. Vol. 7, 1992, pp. 62-94, here: p. 82.
77. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, pp. 372-376.
78. ↑ [First] draft [of the records on settlement and ethnic issues in the regained eastern provinces] by [Theodor] Schieffer, undated In: Angelika Ebbinghaus, Karl Heinz Roth: Forerunner of the “General Plan Ost”. A documentation about Theodor Schierer's Polendenkschrift from October 7, 1939. In: 1999 - Journal for Social History of the 20th and 21st Century. Vol. 7, 1992, pp. 62-94, here: pp. 84-91. Quoted from Eduard Mühle: The 'Silesian School of Eastern Research'. Hermann Aubin and his Wroclaw working group during the National Socialist years. In: Śląska republika uczonych - Silesian Republic of Scholars. Slezká vědecká obec. Vol. 1, Wrocław 2004, p. 568–607, here: p. 589. Arno Herzig: Die Ostforschung der Universität Hamburg after 1945. In: Rainer Nicolaysen, Axel Schildt (ed.): 100 years of historical science in Hamburg. Berlin et al. 2011, pp. 181–196, here: p. 184.
79. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 376. Eduard Mühle: “… simply instinctively familiar.” On Hermann Aubin's understanding of science and his historical research into cultural areas. In: sheets for German national history. Vol. 139–140, 2003–2004, pp. 233–266, here: p. 259. ( digitized version )
80. ^ Discussion by Hans-Erich Volkmann on Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005. In: Sozial.Geschichte. Issue 3/2006, pp. 95-97.
81. ↑ Hans-Erich Volkmann: Historians from political passion. Hermann Aubin as a folk history, cultural soil and East researcher. In: Journal of History. Vol. 49, 2001, pp. 32–49, here: p. 38. Eduard Mühle: For people and German east. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 337.
82. ↑ Quoted from Eduard Mühle: Hermann Aubin, the 'German East' and National Socialism - Interpretations of an academic activity in the Third Reich. In: Hartmut Lehmann, Otto Gerhard Oexle (Hrsg.): National Socialism in the Cultural Studies. Volume 1: Subjects - Milieus - Careers. Göttingen 2004, p. 531–591, here: p. 579. Riccardo Bavaj: Modern science and national ideology - Hermann Aubin's cultural space research in the “Third Reich”. In: Joachim Scholtyseck, Christoph Studt (Ed.): Universities and students in the Third Reich. Affirmation, adjustment, resistance. XIX. Königswinterer Conference from February 17-19, 2006. Berlin 2008, pp. 181–191, here: p. 189.
83. ↑ Hans-Erich Volkmann: Historians from political passion. Hermann Aubin as a folk history, cultural soil and East researcher. In: Journal of History. Vol. 49, 2001, pp. 32-49, here: pp. 38f.
84. ^ Henning Trüper: The quarterly journal for social and economic history and its editor Hermann Aubin in National Socialism. Stuttgart 2005, p. 60. Karen Schönwälder: Historians and politics. History in National Socialism. Frankfurt am Main u. a. 1992, p. 148.
85. ↑ Eduard Mühle: “… simply instinctively familiar.” On Hermann Aubin's understanding of science and his historical cultural research. In: sheets for German national history. Vol. 139–140, 2003–2004, pp. 233–266, here: p. 259. ( digitized version )
86. ↑ Jörg Hackmann: A farewell on installments. Eastern research traditions and their aftermath in West German East Central European research. In: Michael Fahlbusch, Ingo Haar (Hrsg.): Völkische Wissenschaften and political advice in the 20th century. Expertise and “reorganization” of Europe. Paderborn 2010, pp. 347–362, here: p. 348. Cf. in detail Eduard Mühle: For people and German east. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, pp. 391-432.
87. ↑ Eduard Mühle: "Ostforschung." Observations on the rise and fall of a historical paradigm. In: Journal for East Central European Studies. Vol. 46, 1997, pp. 317-330, here: p. 336.
88. ↑ Riccardo Bavaj: Modern science and national ideology - Hermann Aubin's cultural space research in the “Third Reich”. In: Joachim Scholtyseck, Christoph Studt (Ed.): Universities and students in the Third Reich. Affirmation, adjustment, resistance. XIX. Königswinterer Tagung from February 17-19, 2006. Berlin 2008, p. 181–191, here: p. 189 Note 40. Thekla Kleindienst: The development of West German East European research in the area of ​​tension between science and politics. Marburg 2009, p. 65. Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 438.
89. ↑ Jakob Michelsen: From Breslau to Hamburg. Ostforscher at the historical seminar of the University of Hamburg after 1945. In: Rainer Hering, Rainer Nicolaysen (Hrsg.): Lebendige Sozialgeschichte. Commemorative publication for Peter Borowsky. Wiesbaden 2003, pp. 659–681, especially p. 675. Cf. also Arno Herzig: Die Ostforschung der Universität Hamburg after 1945. In: Rainer Nicolaysen, Axel Schildt (Ed.): 100 years of historical science in Hamburg. Berlin et al. 2011, pp. 181–196, here: p. 186.
90. ↑ Arno Herzig: The East Research of the University of Hamburg after 1945. In: Rainer Nicolaysen, Axel Schildt (Hrsg.): 100 years of history in Hamburg. Berlin et al. 2011, pp. 181–196, here: p. 191.
91. ↑ Alexander Pinwinkler: "Population history" in the early Federal Republic of Germany. Conceptual and institutional history aspects. Erich Keyser and Wolfgang Köllmann in comparison. In: Historical Social Research. Vol. 31, 2006, pp. 64-100 ( digitized version ).
92. ^ Review of Hans-Christian Petersen: Letters from the Ostforscher Hermann Aubin from the years 1910–1968. Published by Eduard Mühle. Marburg 2008. In: Bohemia. Vol. 49, 2009, pp. 264-266. See also Thekla Kleindienst: The development of West German East European research in the area of ​​tension between science and politics. Marburg 2009, p. 41. Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, pp. 441f.
93. ↑ Eduard Mühle: "Ostforschung." Observations on the rise and fall of a historical paradigm. In: Journal for East Central European Studies. Vol. 46, 1997, pp. 317-350, here: p. 339.
94. ^ Thekla Kleindienst: The development of West German East European research in the field of tension between science and politics. Marburg 2009, p. 41.
95. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 462.
96. ↑ Eduard Mühle (Ed.): Letters from the Eastern researcher Hermann Aubin from the years 1910–1968. Marburg 2008, p. 39. See Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German east. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 460.
97. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 462. Erwin Riedenauer: To the introduction. In the S. (Ed.): State sovereignty. Contributions to the emergence, formation and typology of a constitutional element of the Roman-German Empire. Munich 1994, pp. 1-10.
98. ↑ Bernd-A. Rusinek: “Western research” traditions after 1945. An attempt on continuity. In: Burkhard Dietz, Helmut Gabel, Ulrich Tiedau (eds.): Griff nach dem Westen. The "West Research" of the ethnic-national sciences on the north-western European area (1919–1960). Münster 2003, pp. 1141–1201, here: p. 1198.
99. ^ Horst Wallraff: Regional and national history. In: Jürgen Elvert, Jürgen Nielsen-Sikora (Hrsg.): Cultural Studies and National Socialism. Stuttgart 2008, pp. 246–288, here: p. 267.
100. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 544.
101. ↑ Quoted from Eduard Mühle: "... simply familiar by instinct." On Hermann Aubin's understanding of science and his historical research into cultural areas. In: sheets for German national history. Vol. 139–140, 2003–2004, pp. 233–266, here: p. 242. ( digitized version )
102. ↑ Quoted from Eduard Mühle: "... simply familiar by instinct." On Hermann Aubin's understanding of science and his historical research into cultural areas. In: sheets for German national history. Vol. 139–140, 2003–2004, pp. 233–266, here: p. 244. ( digitized version )
103. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 476.
104. ^ Matthias Werner: Between political limitation and methodological openness. Paths and stations of German regional historical research in the 20th century. In: Peter Moraw, Rudolf Schieffer (Ed.): The German-speaking Medieval Studies in the 20th Century. Ostfildern 2005, pp. 251–364, here: p. 260 ( digitized version ).
105. ^ Willi Oberkrome: "Space" and "Volkstum" in the German historiography of the early 20th century. In: geopolitics. Crossing borders in the spirit of the times. Vol. 1,1: 1890 to 1945. Potsdam 2000, pp. 301-324, here: p. 317.
106. ^ With all other references Matthias Werner: Between political limitation and methodological openness. Paths and stations of German regional historical research in the 20th century. In: Peter Moraw, Rudolf Schieffer (Ed.): The German-speaking Medieval Studies in the 20th Century. Ostfildern 2005, pp. 251–364, here: p. 323 ( digitized version ).
107. ^ Willi Oberkrome: People's story. Methodical innovation and national ideology in German history 1918–1945. Göttingen 1993, p. 199.
108. ↑ Riccardo Bavaj: Modern science and national ideology - Hermann Aubin's cultural space research in the “Third Reich”. In: Joachim Scholtyseck, Christoph Studt (Ed.): Universities and students in the Third Reich. Affirmation, adjustment, resistance. XIX. Königswinterer Conference from February 17-19, 2006. Berlin 2008, p. 181–191, here: p. 187. Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German east. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 497.
109. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 547.
110. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 498.
111. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, pp. 295, 336, 383.
112. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 498.
113. ↑ Hermann Aubin: For research into the German Eastern movement. In: German Archive for State and Folk Research. Vol. 1, 1937, pp. 37-70, 595-602. The article was also published as a monograph under the same title.
114. ↑ Hermann Aubin: The Eastern Frontier of the Old German Empire. Origin and constitutional character. In: Historical quarterly. Vol. 28, 1932, pp. 225–272, here: p. 228. Cf. Eduard Mühle: For people and German east. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 520.
115. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 550.
116. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 544.
117. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 558.
118. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, pp. 565-584.
119. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 496.
120. ^ Hermann Aubin: The transformation of the West by the Germanic peoples up to the end of the Carolingian period. In: Willy Andreas (Ed.): The New Propylaea World History. Vol. 2: The rise of Germanism and the world of the Middle Ages. Berlin 1940, pp. 45-172.
121. ↑ Hermann Aubin: On the question of historical continuity in general. In: Historische Zeitschrift 168, 1943, pp. 229–262.
122. ↑ Ursula Wiggershaus-Müller: National Socialism and History. The history of the historical journal and the historical yearbook 1933–1945. 2nd Edition. Hamburg 2000, p. 154.
123. ^ Claudia Theune: Teutons and Romanes in the Alamannia. Structural changes due to the archaeological sources from the 3rd to the 7th century. Berlin 2004, pp. 29–32.
124. ↑ Hermann Aubin: On the question of historical continuity in general. In: Historische Zeitschrift Vol. 168, 1943, pp. 229–262, here: p. 261. Cf. also Ursula Wiggershaus-Müller: National Socialism and History Science . The history of the historical journal and the historical yearbook 1933–1945. 2nd Edition. Hamburg 2000, p. 154.
125. ↑ Thomas Buchner: Alfons Dopsch (1868-1953). The "multiplicity of relationships". In: Karel Hruza (Ed.): Austrian Historians. CVs and careers 1900–1945. Vienna 2008, pp. 155–190, here: p. 183.
126. ↑ Bernd-A. Rusinek: "Rhenish" institutions. In: Jörg Engelbrecht, Norbert Kühn, Georg Mölich, Thomas Otten and Karl Peter Wiemer (eds.): Rheingold. People and mentalities in the Rhineland. A country study. Cologne u. a. 2003, pp. 109–144, here: p. 116.
127. ↑ Gerd Althoff: Otto the Great and the new European identity. In: Andreas Ranft (ed.): The Hoftag in Quedlinburg 973. From the historical roots to the New Europe. Berlin 2006, p. 3-18, here: p. 8. Hermann Aubin: The Eastern Frontier of the Old German Empire. Origin and constitutional character (1932). In: Hermann Aubin: From space and borders of the German people. Folk History Studies. Breslau 1938, pp. 109–144, here: p. 111.
128. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 509.
129. ↑ Hans-Erich Volkmann: Hermann Aubin. In: Ingo Haar, Michael Fahlbusch (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Völkischen Wissenschaften. People - institutions - research programs - foundations. Munich 2008, pp. 58–62, here: p. 60.
130. ↑ Hans-Erich Volkmann: Hermann Aubin. In: Ingo Haar, Michael Fahlbusch (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Völkischen Wissenschaften. People - institutions - research programs - foundations. Munich 2008, pp. 58–62, here: p. 60. See also a review by Hans-Erich Volkmann on Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German east. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005. In: Sozial.Geschichte. Issue 3/2006, pp. 95-97.
131. ^ Henning Trüper: The quarterly journal for social and economic history and its editor Hermann Aubin in National Socialism. Stuttgart 2005, p. 62.
132. ^ Henning Trüper: The quarterly journal for social and economic history and its editor Hermann Aubin in National Socialism. Stuttgart 2005, p. 61.
133. ^ Henning Trüper: The quarterly journal for social and economic history and its editor Hermann Aubin in National Socialism. Stuttgart 2005, especially p. 135.
134. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 592.
135. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 590.
136. ↑ See: Axel Schildt: On the boom of the "Christian Occident" in West German historiography. In: Ulrich Pfeil (Hrsg.): The return of German history to the “ecumenism of historians”. A science-historical approach. Munich 2008, pp. 49-70. Axel Schildt: Between the West and America. Studies on the West German landscape of ideas of the 50s. Munich 1999, p. 22ff.
137. ↑ Quoted from Jörg Hackmann: A farewell on installments. Eastern research traditions and their aftermath in West German East Central European research. In: Michael Fahlbusch, Ingo Haar (Hrsg.): Völkische Wissenschaften and political advice in the 20th century. Expertise and “reorganization” of Europe. Paderborn 2010, pp. 347–362, here: p. 349.
138. ^ Hermann Aubin: At a new beginning of research on the East. In: Journal for East Research. Vol. 1, 1952, pp. 3-16. Cf. Eduard Mühle: “Ostforschung.” Observations on the rise and fall of a historical paradigm. In: Journal for East Central European Studies. Vol. 46, 1997, pp. 317-350, here: p. 339.
139. ^ Hermann Aubin: At a new beginning of research on the East. In: Journal for East Research. Vol. 1, 1952, pp. 3-16, here: p. 10.
140. ↑ Eduard Mühle: Hermann Aubin, the 'German East' and National Socialism - Interpretations of an academic activity in the Third Reich. In: Hartmut Lehmann, Otto Gerhard Oexle (Hrsg.): National Socialism in the Cultural Studies. Volume 1: Subjects - Milieus - Careers. Göttingen 2004, pp. 531–591, here: pp. 589f. Arno Herzig: Status and perspectives of research on Silesia. In: Paul Mai (ed.): Institute for East German Church and Cultural History eV 1988–2010. Cologne u. a. 2011, pp. 17–24, here: p. 18.
141. ^ Willi Oberkrome: On the continuity of ethnocentric historical studies after 1945. Weltanschauung and political engagement of West German cultural area research in the fifties. In: Journal of History. Vol. 49, 2001, pp. 50-61.
142. ^ Eduard Mühle: The European East on the Mental Map of German Ostforschung. In the S. (Ed.): Germany and the European East in the Twentieth Century. Oxford 2003, pp. 107-130.
143. ↑ Thomas Etzemüller: social history as a political story. Werner Conze and the reorientation of West German history after 1945. Munich 2001, p. 37.
144. ↑ Eduard Mühle (Ed.): Letters from the Eastern researcher Hermann Aubin from the years 1910–1968. Marburg 2008, p. 564. See the review by Enno Bünz in: New Archive for Saxon History. Vol. 83, 2012, pp. 324-326. Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 629.
145. ↑ Eduard Mühle (Ed.): Letters from the Eastern researcher Hermann Aubin from the years 1910–1968. Marburg 2008, p. 575. See the review by Hans-Erich Volkmann in: Journal for East Central Europe Research. Vol. 59, 2010, pp. 235-237. ( Digitized version ).
146. ↑ Eduard Mühle: "Ostforschung." Observations on the rise and fall of a historical paradigm. In: Journal for East Central Europe Research. Vol. 46, 1997, pp. 317-350, here: p. 319.
147. ↑ Walter Schlesinger: The medieval German eastward movement and the German east research. In: Journal for East Central Europe Research. Vol. 46, 1997, pp. 427-457, here: p. 439.
148. ↑ Quoted from Eduard Mühle: “Ostforschung.” Observations on the rise and fall of a historical paradigm. In: Journal for East Central Europe Research. Vol. 46, 1997, pp. 317-350, here: p. 347.
149. ↑ Walter Schlesinger: The medieval German eastward movement and the German east research. In: Journal for East Central Europe Research. Vol. 46, 1997, pp. 427-457.
150. ↑ Quoted from Eduard Mühle: “Ostforschung.” Observations on the rise and fall of a historical paradigm. In: Journal for East Central Europe Research. Vol. 46, 1997, pp. 317-350, here: p. 348.
151. ^ Hermann Aubin, Theodor Frings, Josef Müller: Cultural currents and cultural provinces in the Rhineland. Bonn 1926. Reprint Darmstadt 1966. See also Hans-Erich Volkmann: Hermann Aubin. In: Ingo Haar, Michael Fahlbusch (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Völkischen Wissenschaften. People - institutions - research programs - foundations. Munich 2008, pp. 58–62, here: p. 61.
152. ^ Matthias Werner: The historian and Eastern researcher Hermann Aubin. Notes on some recent publications. In: Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter. Vol. 74, 2010, pp. 235-253, here: p. 246 ( digitized version )
153. ^ Werner Freitag: Westphalia. In: sheets for German national history. Vol. 139–140, 2003–2004, pp. 223–232, here: p. 225. ( digitized version )
154. ↑ Karl Schlögel: We read the time in space. About the history of civilization and geopolitics. Munich et al. 2003, esp. Pp. 281-292.
155. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 632.
156. ↑ For a selection of the following quotations see: Eduard Mühle: Hermann Aubin, the 'German East' and National Socialism - Interpretations of Academic Work in the Third Reich. In: Hartmut Lehmann, Otto Gerhard Oexle (Hrsg.): National Socialism in the Cultural Studies. Volume 1: Subjects - Milieus - Careers. Göttingen 2004, pp. 531-591, here: pp. 531-548.
157. ↑ Historical regional studies and universal history. Festgabe for Hermann Aubin on December 23, 1950. Hamburg 1950/51, p. 10.
158. ^ Otto Brunner: Hermann Aubin 1885-1969. In: Quarterly for social and economic history. Vol. 56, 1969, pp. 433-437, here: p. 436.
159. ↑ Minutes of the 27th general meeting of the Johann Gottfried Herder Research Council on 6/7. June 1969, p. 5.
160. ↑ See Michael Burleigh: Germany turns eastwards. A study of Ostforschung in the Third Reich. Cambridge 1988, p. 300ff. Christoph Kleßmann : GDR historian and "imperialist research on the East". In: Germany Archive. Vol. 35, 2002, pp. 13-31.
161. ↑ Leo Stern: Anti-Communism - the main political doctrine of imperialist West German historiography and journalism. In: Leo Stern (ed.): The anti-communism in theory and practice of German imperialism. To deal with imperialist German historiography. Halle 1963, pp. 9–52, here: p. 20. Cf. Corinna Unger: Ostforschung in Westdeutschland. The Exploration of the European East and the German Research Foundation, 1945–1975. Stuttgart 2007, p. 291.
162. ↑ Rudi Goguel: About the goals and methods of research on the East. In: Gerhard Ziegengeist (ed.): Ostforschung und Slawistik. Critical arguments. Berlin-East 1960, p. 30.
163. ^ Rudolf Graf: Hermann Aubin in the service of the "urge to the east" and the occupation policy of German imperialism in Poland. In: Commission of the Historians of the GDR and the USSR (ed.): German Imperialism and the Second World War. Vol. 4, Berlin-Ost 1961, pp. 55-78, here: pp. 72f.
164. ^ Christoph Kleßmann: GDR historian and "imperialist research on the East". In: Germany Archive. Vol. 35, 2002, pp. 13-31, especially p. 14.
165. ^ Roderich Schmidt: On the 100th birthday of Hermann Aubin. Words of welcome at the memorial service on December 18, 1985 in the JG Herder Institute, Marburg / Lahn. In: Johann-Gottfried-Herder-Forschungsrat eV (Ed.): Memories of Hermann Aubin (1885–1969). Contributions to the personality of the university professor and first President of the JG Herder Research Council on the occasion of his 100th birthday on December 23, 1985. Marburg 1987, pp. 9-16. here: p. 12.
166. ^ Michael Burleigh: Germany turns eastwards. A study of Ostforschung in the Third Reich. Cambridge 1988.
167. ↑ The lectures and discussion contributions of the section on historians in National Socialism in: Winfried Schulze, Otto Gerhard Oexle (Ed.): German Historians in National Socialism. Frankfurt am Main 1999.
168. ↑ Winfried Schulze, Otto Gerhard Oexle (ed.): German historians in National Socialism. Frankfurt am Main 1999.
169. ↑ Angelika Ebbinghaus, Karl Heinz Roth: Forerunner of the “General Plan East”. A documentation about Theodor Schierer's Polendenkschrift from October 7, 1939. In: 1999 - Journal for Social History of the 20th and 21st Century. Vol. 7, 1992, pp. 62-94, esp. P. 76.
170. ↑ Eduard Mühle: Hermann Aubin, the 'German East' and National Socialism - Interpretations of an academic activity in the Third Reich. In: Hartmut Lehmann, Otto Gerhard Oexle (Hrsg.): National Socialism in the Cultural Studies. Volume 1: Subjects - Milieus - Careers. Göttingen 2004, p. 531–591, here: p. 541. Matthias Werner: The historian and Ostforscher Hermann Aubin. Notes on some recent publications. In: Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter . Vol. 74, 2010, pp. 235-253, here: pp. 235f. ( Digitized version )
171. ^ Matthias Werner: The historian and Eastern researcher Hermann Aubin. Notes on some recent publications. In: Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter. Vol. 74, 2010, pp. 235-253 ( digitized version ).
172. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 627.
173. ↑ On this, the review by Frank-Rutger Hausmann in: Das Historisch-Politische Buch . Vol. 54, 2006, pp. 236-237.
174. ^ Eduard Mühle: For the people and the German East. The historian Hermann Aubin and German Ostforschung. Düsseldorf 2005, p. 628.
175. ↑ Eduard Mühle (Ed.): Letters from the Eastern researcher Hermann Aubin from the years 1910–1968. Marburg 2008, p. 9, note 25. Matthias Werner: The historian and Eastern researcher Hermann Aubin. Notes on some recent publications. In: Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter. Vol. 74, 2010, pp. 235-253, here: p. 247 ( digitized version ).

This article was added to the list of excellent articles in this version on December 6, 2015 .