Aloys Schulte

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Aloys Schulte

Aloys Schulte (born August 2, 1857 in Münster , † February 14, 1941 in Bonn ) was a German historian and archivist .

Life

The son of a merchant family from Münster attended the Paulinum grammar school in his hometown until 1876 and then studied history (with Theodor Lindner and Paul Scheffer-Boichorst, among others ) and philology at the Royal Academy of Münster . Schulte became an active member of the Catholic student association K.St.V. Germania in KV . 1879 Schulte about "The so-called Chronicle of Henry of Rebdorf " Dr. phil. PhD. He then worked in Strasbourg on the publication of a document book , where he exchanged ideas with the leading Erlangen historian and Strasbourg researcher Karl Hegel - whose research assistant he was for a time on the edition project of the Chronicles of German Cities - and did his military service there and trained as a high school teacher until 1883. In the same year he became director of the Fürstenberg archive in Donaueschingen , where he edited several volumes of the Fürstenberg document book. In 1885 in Donaueschingen he married Oda Buck, the daughter of the dialect poet Michel Buck .

In 1885 Schulte moved to the General State Archives in Karlsruhe as Grand Ducal Baden archivist and became editor of the journal for the history of the Upper Rhine . In 1892 he was appointed to a chair for modern history at the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg , but as a Catholic met with considerable resistance in the faculty and in 1895 accepted a position at the University of Breslau , where he was full professor from 1896 to 1903. From 1901 to 1903 he also headed the Royal Prussian Historical Institute in Rome before moving to the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Bonn in 1903 , where he retired in 1928. In 1913/14 he was the rector of the university.

Schulte was buried in the Kessenich mountain cemetery.

plant

Due to his monographs on the history of medieval trade between Germany and Italy, on the Fuggers in Rome and the large Ravensburger trading company, Schulte is considered to be a pioneer in German economic history, based on a wealth of sources . Another focus of his work was the German constitutional history . In 1910 he published a central work on the nobility and the German Church in the High Middle Ages.

In 1932 Schulte, according to his own statement, summarized his “scientific life work” in the voluminous overall presentation of The German State , which spanned the period from the king's election of Henry I in 919 to the beginning of the First World War in 1914. Regardless of the static structure of the book, which is completely fixated on political history, Schulte demonstrated methodological understanding by following the structural development (the "dynamics of the history of our state") of German constitutional history over the centuries. Although the tendency was clearly German national , he refrained from a völkisch argumentation, as it was suggested in the style of the younger “border combat researchers” such as Paul Wentzcke . In the afterword of his book published in 1933, Schulte gave a brief commendation of the National Socialist regime for having "increased love for the fatherland". However, this hardly suggests any internal partisanship.

Schulte's great synthesis is nevertheless representative of his unbroken national ethos and his stamping under the sign of the Franco-German conflict from the early modern period to the 20th century. As early as 1892 he had published the diaries of the Baden margrave Ludwig Wilhelm (the "Türkenlouis") and linked them with a representation of the Palatinate War of Succession from a German-national perspective. During the First World War, he advocated annexationist goals of the German government (e.g. against Belgium) in order to oppose the annexation efforts of France in his book France and the Left Bank of the Rhine in 1918 - a classic product of the " Rhine war literature" on the German side. Even the German government , which concludes with an apology for the national government and the generals before and during World War I is marked by the argument that Germany was surrounded for centuries by hostile great powers and has been impeded in the development of its national law.

Schulte was unlikely to have played a formative role in science policy in the late period of the Weimar Republic in view of his advanced age and his retirement from teaching. After all, it emerged again in the context of the “ Rhenish Millennium Celebration ” of 1925, as well as in the conception of the unmistakably ideologically oriented cultural area research in the 1920s. One of his students was the medievalist and cathedral chapter researcher Leo Santifaller .

Honors

Schulte was an honorary doctor of the Universities of Breslau (Dr. jur. H. C.) And Innsbruck (Dr. rer. Pol. H. C.). He was a corresponding member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences in Munich (since 1912), the Prussian Academy of Sciences (since 1922) and the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna (since 1927). In 1932 he received the Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art . He was an honorary philistine of the K.St.V. Arminia Bonn in KV.

1978 Aloys-Schulte-Strasse in Bonn was named after him.

Fonts

(Selection; for proof of digital copies see Wikisource )

  • The so-called chronicle of Heinrich von Rebdorf. A contribution to source studies in the 14th century . Dissertation, Münster 1879.
  • History of the Habsburgs in the first three centuries. Studies . Wagner, Innsbruck 1887.
  • Document book of the city of Strasbourg. Volume 3. Private law documents and official lists from 1266 to 1332 . Trübner, Strasbourg 1884.
  • Document book of the city of Strasbourg. Volume 4.1. Post-carrier and register (with Wilhelm Wiegand ). Trübner, Strasbourg 1898.
  • Document book of the city of Strasbourg. Volume 4.2. City rights and records of episcopal-urban and episcopal offices (with Georg Wolfram). Trübner, Strasbourg 1887.
  • The founding of Reichenau cities in the 10th and 11th centuries with an unprinted city law from 1100 . In: ZGO 44 (1890), pp. 137-169.
  • Margrave Ludwig Wilhelm von Baden and the Imperial War against France 1693–1697 . 2 volumes (presentation and sources), J. Bielefeld, Karlsruhe 1892; 2nd edition Winter, Heidelberg 1901.
  • Gilg Tschudi, Glarus and Säckingen . In: Yearbook for Swiss History 18 (1893), pp. 3–157.
  • History of medieval trade and traffic between West Germany and Italy, excluding Venice . 2 volumes, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1900 (reprint Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1966).
  • On the emergence of the German postal system . In: Allgemeine Zeitung , Munich 1900, 85, pp. 1–5.
  • The Fuggers in Rome. With studies on the history of ecclesiastical finance at that time . 2 volumes (representation and documents), Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1904.
  • The nobility and the German Church in the Middle Ages (= canon law treatises; 63–64). Enke, Stuttgart 1910 (2nd edition 1922, reprint: WBG, Darmstadt 1958).
  • Emperor Maximilian I as a candidate for the papal chair. 1511 . Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1906.
  • The battle near Leipzig . Marcus & Weber, Bonn 1913.
  • France and the left bank of the Rhine . DVA, Stuttgart and Berlin 1918 (in French translation Lausanne 1919; reprinted 1997 in a right-wing extremist publisher as France and Germany. On the history of the struggle between two peoples , ISBN 3-927933-94-5 ).
  • From Grutbier. A study of economic and constitutional history . In: Annals of the Historical Association for the Lower Rhine, Volume 85 (1908), pp. 118–146.
  • History of the large Ravensburger trading company 1380–1530 . 3 volumes (2 volumes of presentation, 1 volume of sources), DVA, Stuttgart and Berlin 1923 (reprint: Steiner, Wiesbaden 1964).
  • The coronations of emperors and kings in Aachen. 813-1531 . In: Rheinische Neujahrsblätter, 1924 (reprint: WBG, Darmstadt 1965).
  • A thousand years of German history and culture on the Rhine (editor). Schwann, Düsseldorf 1925.
  • The German state. Constitution, power and limits . DVA, Stuttgart 1933 (reprint: Scientia, Aalen 1968).
  • The plan for the annexation of East Frisia, Emsland and Osnabrück to the Province of Westphalia 1866–1869 (with Eduard Schulte). In: Der Raum Westfalen, Vol. II, 2: Investigations into its history and culture, Berlin 1934, pp. 159–210.
  • German kings, emperors, popes as canons in German and Roman churches . In: Historisches Jahrbuch der Görres-Gesellschaft, Vol. 54 (1934) (Reprint: WBG, Darmstadt 1960).
  • From the old minster. Memories, sketches and studies . Aschendorff, Münster 1936.

literature

Bibliographies

  • Historical essays. Dedicated to Aloys Schulte on the occasion of his 70th birthday . Schwann, Düsseldorf 1927 (reprint: Keip, Dolgbach 1993) (with detailed bibliography up to 1927)
  • List of the more important writings of Aloys Schultes 1927–1937 . In: Historisches Jahrbuch 57, 1937, pp. 533-534 (Bibliography 1927-1937)

Web links

Commons : Aloys Schulte  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Aloys Schulte  - Sources and full texts

Remarks

  1. ↑ See Marion Kreis: Karl Hegel. Historical significance and scientific history location (= series of publications of the Historical Commission at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Vol. 84). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen u. a. 2012, especially p. 272, ISBN 978-3-525-36077-4 . (See e-book and reading sample )
  2. ↑ See Ewald Grothe : Between history and law. German constitutional historiography 1900–1970 , Munich: Oldenbourg, 2005 (=  Ordnungssysteme , 16). ISBN 3-486-57784-0 , pp. 232-234.
  3. ^ Aloys-Schulte-Straße in the Bonn street cadastre
personal data
SURNAME Schulte, Aloys
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German historian and archivist
DATE OF BIRTH August 2, 1857
PLACE OF BIRTH Muenster
DATE OF DEATH February 14, 1941
Place of death Bonn