Office Brühl

Archbishop Philipp von Heinsberg's tomb in Cologne Cathedral

The office of Brühl was an administrative unit of the Electorate of Cologne , which existed from the 13th to the end of the 18th century. It was abolished in 1794 after the French revolutionary troops marched in and a civil administration for the occupied territories was set up by the French authorities .

The Brühl office has its origins in a Fronhof, which was created under Archbishop Philipp von Heinsberg through the amalgamation of the two archbishopric Fronhöfe Pingsdorf and Merreche and which has been expanded into a castle since 1190. The heavily fortified complex was completed in 1298 under Archbishop Wigbold von Holte and Heinrich von Kendenich was appointed burgrave . The settlement of Brühl , which belongs to the castle , was protected by ramparts and ditches, partly by walls, and was given city ​​rights by Siegfried von Westerburg in 1285 . The adjoining area served as a game reserve (zoo).

Official territory

The office of Brühl included: 1. the court of Brühl with the city and the villages of Hoenningen , Weiß , Sürth , Godorf , Immendorf , Hoggendorf ( desert ), Meschenich , Engdorf, Badorf , Eckdorf, Geildorf, named in the city charter and included in the bifanc , Vochem and the hamlet of Palmersdorf east of Brühl.

2. the glories with their own jury courts, in which the archbishop only had high court rights: the glory Badorf with Eckdorf and Geildorf, the glory Schwadorf with the Schallenburg , the glory Keldenich , the glory Alfter with Roisdorf , the glory Rösberg , the Dingstuhl Waldorf with Hemmerich , Kardorf and Uellekoven, the Dingstuhl Widdig with Hersel , Uedorf and Urfeld . The glory Merten with Trippelsdorf, the glory Sechtem , the glory Weilerswist with Metternich and Vernich , which Archbishop Wigbold von Holte acquired in 1303 from Dietrich Luf von Kleve together with the Bornheim court.

3. There were several subordinates within the office. Weidesheim was an exclave in the Duchy of Jülich, where the elector had all court rights. Other subordinates were the subordinate Kendenich of the Lords of Frenz and their successors with Kendenich Castle , the subordinate Berzdorf of the St. Gereon monastery in Cologne, the subordinate rule of the Cologne cathedral chapter to Walberberg with the Rheindorfer castle . The subordinates Gleuel and Esch of the Cologne cathedral chapter were located as exclaves in the Duchy of Jülich

4. castles, who went by the Archbishop fief, were Castle Alfter , Castle Bornheim , castle Rösberg , Kitzburg Gray Castle and White Castle in Sechtem.

Brühl as a pledge of the city of Cologne

The establishment of the office was delayed because of the disputes over the broken land peace by Archbishop Heinrich von Virneburg , who had resigned in 1318 from the land peace union concluded in 1317. The Burgmannen in Brühl took this as an opportunity to raid the city of Cologne , a member of the Landfriedensbund, in order to weaken its trade.

At the request of the city of Cologne, members of the Landfriedensbund besieged the people of Brühl and took the city and castle. In the arbitration award of 1320, the castle and city of Brühl were given to the city of Cologne as pledge to secure the peace. The Cologne Kono von Fischenich appointed him as burgrave and bailiff, who was replaced in 1329 after the Cologne claims for damages had been paid off in 1328. His successor was the dean Johann von Bonn, appointed by the archbishop.

Administration of the office

Sebastian Furck : View of the city of Brühl with the castle around 1630

A tighter administration of the office could only be carried out after 1330 after the complete reconciliation between Heinrich von Virneburg and the city of Cologne.

At the head of the Office of appointed by the Archbishop stood magistrate whose functions and powers were described in the certificate of appointment.

The castle, which was expanded and strongly fortified by Archbishops Siegfried von Westerburg and Wigbold von Holte after the Battle of Worringen as a base against the city of Cologne, was the seat of the bailiff, the archbishop's administration and the court with lower and high courts .

The bailiff's originally planned presidency of the court was given up in the middle of the 14th century. A judge appointed by the archbishop, called the mayor, spoke justice together with seven lay judges . Clerks and bailiffs completed the court. The bailiff only appeared for the gentlemen's affairs and interrogations .

The care for security and order in the official area, which was perceived by the bailiff and his companions until the 16th century, was taken over by official shooters who were subordinate to a rifle leader. Since the middle of the 18th century, its tasks were largely taken over by the mounted rural gendarmerie known as the hussar company, created by Elector Clemens August for the entire archbishopric in 1751 . After its original locations in Hersel and Hülchrath were closed , it was stationed in Lechenich from 1754 .

In addition to the bailiff, there was a burgrave in the 14th century who was also a waiter and was responsible for the maintenance of the buildings and the collection of the archbishop's income in money such as treasure money, bede and natural produce. In the 15th century, a waiter appointed by the archbishop took over all the tasks.

Pledges

In the 14th and 15th centuries, the archbishops needed donors for their territorial acquisitions and armed conflicts, who were pledged in addition to customs duties or offices. Over the years, the Brühl office (castle, town and office "zu dem broyle") belonged to the pledges several times. In 1345 the office of Brühl was pledged to Reinhard von Schönau, who had taken on the repayment of the archbishop's debts, until his claims were satisfied. After acquiring the county Arnsberg in 1368 by Count Gottfried of Arnsberg by Kuno von Falkenstein , the coadjutor archbishop of Cologne, Graf received Gottfried for his necessary living expenses until his death in 1371 from a payable sum of an annual pension consisting of income from the Rhine toll in Bonn and Neuss as well as from the office of Brühl. For the redemption of Linn in 1388, Archbishop Friedrich von Saar Werden paid the bailiff and pledgee Heinrich von Strünkede an annual pension for his expenses incurred in the service of Countess von Kleve and appointed him bailiff von Liedberg . He also received income from customs in Bonn. The archbishop's bailiffs with all income from their offices, including the bailiff Hermann von Hersel from Brühl, vouched for compliance with the agreement. Part of the debts arising from the Soest feud and the Münster collegiate feud , in which Archbishop Dietrich von Moers was involved, was paid by Johann von Gemen, to whom the Brühl office was pledged in 1445, and Johann von Palant, who received the Brühl office as a pledge in 1464. In the Cologne collegiate feud , the city and office of Brühl sided with Archbishop Ruprecht . The new Archbishop Hermann von Hessen recognized the financial claims of the Brühl bailiff and pledgee Evert von Zweifel and honored them in 1492.

Trustee

The permanent seat in the castle was given up in the 16th century when the bailiffs lived in their own castles or had other duties and were represented in the office by an administrator.

List of officials

• 1329 Dean Johann of Bonn
• 1344 Heinrich von Lewenberg
• 1345 Reinhard von Schönau
• 1355 Hermann von Hersel
• 1367 Werner von Bachem
• 1369 Gottfried von Arnsberg
• 1371 Johann Schurman
• 1378 Hermann von Hersel
• 1390 Hermann von Hersel
• 1394 Schiffart from Merode the Old
• 1409 Schiffart from Merode the boy
• 1429 Ulrich von Lupenau
• 1436 Heinrich Rolmann von Dadenberg
• 1442 Heinrich von Kendenich
• 1445 Johann von Gemen
• 1448 Johann von Nechtersheim
• 1451 Johann von Nechtersheim
• 1464 Johann von Palant
• 1477 Evert von Zweiffel
• 1493 Evert von Zweiffel
• 1533 Vincent Heseler
• 1543 Hermann von Zweiffel zu Fischenich
• 1556 Gerhard Wolfskehl
• 1595 Adam von Efferen zu Sechtem
• 1612 Heinrich Schall von Bell
• 1634 Daniel von Hersel zu Vochem
• 1648 Adolf von Gymnich
• 1671 Wilhelm Jakob Schall von Bell zu Flerzheim
• 1692 Johann Wilhelm Rost von Werß
• 1694 Wilhelm Dietrich von Bernsau
• 1709 Johann Jakob von Waldbott-Bassenheim zu Bornheim
• 1755 Clemens August von Waldbott-Bassenheim zu Bornheim
• 1778 Clemens August von Waldbott-Bassenheim zu Bornheim
• 1793 Max Friedrich von Waldbott-Bassenheim zu Bornheim

literature

• Fabricius, Wilhelm : Explanations for the historical atlas of the Rhine province. Second volume. Map from 1789. Division and development of the territories from 1600 to 1794. Bonn 1898.
• Flink, Klaus (arrangement): Brühl. Rhenish City Atlas, Delivery I, No. 2 (1972).
• Drösser, Wolfgang: Brühl. History. Photos. Facts. Connections. 2nd edition, Brühl 2006. ISBN 3-921300-05-3
• Wündisch, Fritz : Brühl. Mosaic stones on the history of an old city in Cologne. Cologne, 1987. ISBN 3-7927-0893-0
• Wündisch, Fritz, (arrangement): Brühler Regesten, Volume I (929 - 1499); Brühler Regesten, Volume II (1500 - 1798), Brühl 1984 and 1987.
• Aubin, Hermann (ed.): The wisdoms of the Rhine province. Second section The Wisdoms of the Electorate of Cologne. Second volume Amt Brühl. Bonn 1914 - Düsseldorf 1996. ISBN 3-7700-7592-7
• Rosellen, Robert Wilhelm: History of the parishes of the deanery Brühl, JP Bachem Verlag Cologne 1887

Individual evidence

1. ^ Robert Wilhelm Rosellen: History of the parishes of the deanery Brühl, p. 383
2. ↑ Wolfgang Drösser, Brühl. History. Photos. Facts. Contexts, Brühl 2002, pp. 27–54.
3. ^ Karl Gutzmer (ed.): Chronik der Stadt Bonn, Chronik Verlag 1988, p. 28
4. ^ Hermann Aubin (ed.): The wisdoms of the Rhine province. Second section The Wisdoms of the Electorate of Cologne. Second volume Amt Brühl. Bonn 1914 - Düsseldorf 1996 p. 16, pp. 68-69
5. ↑ Weilerswist. 700 years 1310 - 2010, Weilerswist 2010, pp. 70–71
6. ^ Hermann Aubin (ed.): The wisdoms of the Rhine province. Second section The Wisdoms of the Electorate of Cologne. Second volume Amt Brühl. Pp. 71-80
7. ^ Hermann Aubin (ed.): The wisdoms of the Rhine province. Second section The Wisdoms of the Electorate of Cologne. Second volume Amt Brühl, pp. 111–187
8. ↑ Fritz Wündisch, Brühl. Mosaic stones on the history of an old city in Cologne. Pp. 49-55
9. ↑ Fritz Wündisch, Brühler Regesten Volume II 1500 - 1798 Brühl 1987, No. 738 p. 28 and No. 1014a p. 83
10. ↑ Wolfgang Drösser, Brühl. History. Photos. Facts. Connections. Brühl 2002, pp. 61-62
11. ^ Wilhelm Janssen, Die Regesten der Archbischöfe von Köln, Vol. VII, Düsseldorf 1982, No. 821, 892, 898, 908, 927, 928, 936
12. ↑ Wolfgang Drösser, Brühl. History. Photos. Facts. Connections. Brühl 2002, pp. 62-65
13. ^ Fritz Wündisch, Brühler Regesten Volume II No. 884 p. 59
14. ^ LA Duisburg, Jülich-Berg I No. 451 p. 17