Fischenich Castle
| Fischenich Castle | ||
|---|---|---|
 Castle ruins, Gennerstraße |
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| Creation time : | 12th to 13th centuries | |
| Castle type : | Höhenburg, hillside location, local location | |
| Conservation status: | Wall remains | |
| Standing position : | Ministeriale / Landtag eligible | |
| Construction: | Partly Roman cast concrete | |
| Place: | Hürth - Fischenich | |
| Geographical location | 50 ° 51 '34.9 " N , 6 ° 53' 46" E | |
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The castle Fischenich is the ruins of a hilltop castle on Vorgebirgshang in Hürther district Fischenich between the Genner-, Augustine and Jacob street in the Rhein-Erft district in North Rhine-Westphalia .
The ruins of the Hangburg are the remainder of the oldest preserved castle complex among the numerous fortifications of the foothills between Cologne and Bonn. It is one of the most important examples of high medieval castle construction in the Rhineland .
history
The castle was built by the Lords of Fischenich, who served the Archbishop of Cologne as ministerials in the 12th to 13th centuries .
In the registers of the Cologne historical archive there are some references to the gentlemen von Fischenich. In 1276, "Winrich von Vischenich" was mentioned on the occasion of the wedding of a "Theoderich Raitz". In 1339 the knight Wilhelm von Vischenich is mentioned, he owned several houses at the "Ehrenthore zu Cöln" .
Lords of the castle
From Fischenich to Fischenich
The first named lord of the castle of Fischenich zu Fischenich is Knight Contze (Conrad) von Vischenich, who in 1309 made the castle a fiefdom and open house of the Archbishopric of Cologne to Archbishop Heinrich . Through his marriage to Elisabeth Hardevust, Contze von Fischenich was connected to the Cologne patrician families . In the disputes between Archbishop Heinrich and the City of Cologne, Burg and City of Brühl were handed over to the people of Cologne as pledge in an arbitration award in 1320 . Knight Contze von Fischenich, as burgrave with 20 armed men at the expense of the archbishop, occupied the castle and town of Brühl.
Of doubt
The castle house in Fischenich remained in the von Fischenich family for five generations until Jutta von Fischenich married Dietrich von Zweiffel , who was enfeoffed with the castle in 1455. Her sons Johann (1480) and Albrecht (1502) also had the castle as a fief.
Despite the fact that the place Fischenichs belonged to the Duchy of Jülich , the castle was an Electoral Cologne fiefdom and its feudal bearers were entitled to vote as representatives of the Cologne knighthood in the Electoral Cologne state parliament .
Von Fischenich and von Breil
Hermann von Fischenich received Fischenich Castle in 1502 from his relative Albrecht von Zweiffel. The castle came to the von Breil family in 1565 through the marriage of Margarethe von Fischenich, the daughter of Hermann von Fischenich, with Winand von Moelenbach called Breil. In addition to the knight's seat, Margarethe brought the Frentzenhof zu Fischenich and other goods into the marriage.
Odilia von Breil, Winand's daughter, married Wilhelm von Goltstein zu Müggenhausen in 1594. In 1596 the couple bought from Odilia's brother Hermann von Breil and his wife Anna Perez for the sum of 40,000 thalers the castle and castle house in Fischenich, including the area and buildings, as well as the Frentzenhof in Fischenich. The court was partly a free knight's seat with allodial land, the other part of the land belonged to the Fischenich court court of the abbess of St. Maria in the Capitol in Cologne. The Goltstein couple committed themselves to lifelong, befitting provision for their parents despite the expensive housekeeping in Fischenich during the difficult times of war.
Quad from Wickrath to Alsbach and Fischenich
Odilia married Conrad Quad von Wickrath zu Alsbach for the second time in 1611 . Through this marriage, Fischenich Castle came to the Quad family. After the death of Odilia von Breil, the widow of Conrad Quad zu Fischenich, in 1639, her son Rutger Quad von Wickrath zu Alsbach and Fischenich was enfeoffed with Fischenich Castle.
Wolff Metternich to the canal in Liblar
The Electorate of Cologne Chamberlain Franz Wolfgang Anton, Imperial Baron of Quadt von Wickrath zu Alsbach and Fischenich, sold the manor Fischenich with all lands, bushes and bends of the widow Johann Adolf II Wolff Metternich zur Gracht, Eleonore Anna Maria née Truchseß von Wetzhausen, with the permission of the elector . After the death of her son Franz Josef Reichsgraf Wolff Metternich in 1741, the feudal owner of the Fischenich manor, in 1742 the guardian of the elector Clemens August was enfeoffed with the feudal Fischenich family on behalf of the grandmother and the underage children . The previous owners are named in the deed of lending, starting with Hermann von Fischenich, then Winand von Breil zu Fischenich, Conrad Quad and Odilia von Breil, married couple, Friedrich Rutger Freiherr von Quadt von Wickrath zu Fischenich and Alsbach. According to the enclosed specification of the goods, the Fischenich knight's seat included the castle with garden and tree garden in the area surrounded by hedges, also the so-called rabbit hedge and a place where there was previously a vineyard, a total of 12 acres , furthermore 118 acres of arable land, 9 Tomorrow Benden and 70 acres of bushes. In the following generations, the Fischenich knight's seat remained in the possession of Count Wolff Metternich zur Gracht.
Laying down of the castle house
It is not known when the castle house was abandoned, possibly after the damage caused by the French in the coalition wars of 1794–1797. A remnant of the castle remained in order to preserve the state parliament suitability of the knight's seat, which was certified to the owners in 1831. In the inventory and description of the district of Cologne in 1825 by district physicist Carl Anton Werres , this Fischenich castle was described as a ruin, "a formerly very large complex", the loopholes of which were still visible.
Sold by Count Wolff Metternich
In 1903 the Raiffeisenbank Fischenich bought the area from Ferdinand Graf Wolff Metternich on the canal in Liblar. The lands were parceled out and sold to the Fischenich farmers, the castle area was acquired in 1906 by the Order of the Cellites in Cologne, who founded another branch there.
description
The castle ruins, formerly an oval round building with four towers, are now almost completely enclosed in a row of houses like a square . The arrangement of the two- to three-story, red-brick houses only allows a view of the remains of the castle in two places.
Present stock
The castle rest is a ring-shaped complex surrounded by a moat , the surrounding wall of which has been preserved at a height of six to ten meters. The castle wall was at least partially built from cast concrete blocks from the Roman aqueduct that ran nearby at the foot of the promontory. The Roman Canal was a popular quarry in the Middle Ages, the material of which can be found in many old structures along its course. Especially on the north side towards Augustinerstraße, from where the ruin is accessible, the cast concrete blocks made of Opus caementitium can be clearly seen, to which the reddish water plaster and a layer of sintered lime stuck to the water pipeline .
The castle walls are a stop on the Roman Canal hiking trail that accompanies the former aqueduct .
Today's castle grounds
Castle ruins, Augustinerstraße
literature
- Heinz Firmenich: Hürth. Fischenich district in: Rheinische Kunststätten Heft 36, 2nd revised edition. 1981 ISBN 3-88094-356-7
- Manfred Faust: History of the City of Hürth . Cologne 2009. ISBN 978-3-7616-2282-7
- Clemens Klug: Hürth - how it was, how it was . Cologne 1961.
Remarks
- ↑ The previous assumption that Fischenich Castle was destroyed in the Truchsessian War in 1584 and has been in ruins since then, contradicts the sales deed of 1596.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b City history of Huerth ( Memento of the original from March 12, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Accessed September 30, 2011.
- ^ HM Schleicher: Ernst von Oidtman and his genealogical-heraldic collection. Vol. 6 Folder 423 (Fischenich)
- ^ Wilhelm Kisky : The Regests of the Archbishops of Cologne in the Middle Ages, Vol. IV No. 1190
- ↑ HM Schleicher: Coll.Oidtman vol. 17 folder 1333 (Zweiffel)
- ^ Heinz Firmenich: Hürth , section Fischenich district published by the Rheinischer Verein für Denkmalpflege und Landschaftsschutz (Hrsg.) (1st edition). Issue 3–4, 1968, p. 18
- ↑ HMSchleicher: Coll. Oidtman vol. 2 folder 140 Breil
- ↑ Schloss Gracht archive inventory of Fischenich files no.226, marriage contract from 1594 and will agreement from 1596
- ^ HM Schleicher: Collection Oidtman Vol. 2 Folder 140 Breil
- ↑ HMSchleicher: Oidtman Collection Volume 12 Folder 958 Section H1 Quad to Alsbach and Fischenich
- ^ Archive Schloss Gracht files no.562 (Johann Adolf I's writing calendar)
- ^ Landesarchiv NRW, Düsseldorf location, holdings of fief files No. 60, copy of the document from 1725.
- ↑ Archive Schloss Gracht files No. 226
- ^ Archives Schloss Gracht files No. 223
- ↑ Sabine Graumann “The District of Cologne around 1825”, pp. 328–329
- ↑ Manfred Faust: History of the city of Hürth. Cologne 2009. pp. 24-25
- ^ Klaus Grewe : Aqueducts. Water for Rome's cities , Regionalia Verlag, Rheinbach 2014. (Part B, Eifelwasserleitung, Chapter 2, The Roman Canal - Quarry of the Middle Ages, p. 292–96)
