Kriel and Lind
Kriel and Lind are the names of former hamlets in the area of today's Cologne-Lindenthal district , whose first documented mentions date from the 12th to 14th centuries. Today only Kriel is still used as a residential area, for example through the connection to Krieler Dömchen and as a district designation in the cadastre or as the land register district. The settlement Lind was in the area of today's hospital St. Elisabeth, called "Hohenlind".
Geography / geology
The altitude of the area with its surface sloping slightly towards the Rhine is around 50 meters above sea level . Differences in relief of old north-south running Rhine channels, still known as wet spots in the 19th century, such as Linder Bruch, Morsdorf or Morsdorfer Straße, are only faintly visible today. In Roman times and in the Middle Ages , people settled on the edges of these wetlands , built farms and later settlements there.
In the west of the plain, the terrain in the Deckstein, Militärring, Braunsfeld and Müngersdorf area rises by around eight meters, but from two meters upwards it is artificial, created by the excavation of the Adenauer, Deckstein and Stadtwaldweiher in the years 1926 to 1934.
Spatially, the area can be classified as follows: Beginning at Innere Kanalstrasse / Universitätsstrasse, southwest between Aachener Strasse and Zülpicher Strasse (extension of Gleueler Strasse) running out of town and ending in the west with the outer Cologne green belt . It largely coincides with the boundaries of today's Cologne district of Lindenthal.
history
The early days
In 1929 five settlements for the band ceramists were discovered in the Cologne area . In the course of the conversion of the former fortress belt into a green area, house plans were uncovered in the vicinity of the former Stüttgenhof (near Fort VI) on an area of around 1.1 hectares of a ceramic village.
The Roman times
During the 500-year rule of the Romans, agriculture was carried out in the Kriel area, with preference given to growing grain and vegetables as well as cattle breeding. The Kriel area up to the foothills at the gates of the city was the granary of the Roman capital of Lower Germany .
The city limits of the Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium around an area of about one square kilometer (in the heyday around 15,000 inhabitants lived in the city and 5,000 people in the surrounding area) was strictly defined, an extension was not possible. Because of the lack of building land in the city, wealthy citizens had magnificent manors ( latifundium ) built in the surrounding area based on the Roman model. Since there was some clay and clay deposits in this area (still today clay industry in Frechen ), brickworks and pottery also settled there .
Traces of the Romans
In the area of the Rheinenergiestadion there are remains of an estate on the former Krieler area and a sarcophagus at the Adenauerweiher . In 1930 there were finds of Roman traces in the Max-Bruch-Straße in the city forest and in 1984 in the Robert-Koch-Straße in Lindenthal, furthermore in 1960 in the Classen-Kappelmann-Straße at the Hildegardis hospital as well as partial excavations of the Roman Eifel aqueduct.
Kriel and the St. Gereon Abbey in Cologne
Kriel was up to the secularization in 1802 the ownership of the pin St. Gereon in Cologne and was one of the Electoral Cologne office Hülchrath situated Erb vogtei .
Kriel and Lind from the 12th to the 18th century
The first documentary mention of the monastery “Crele” can be found in a document of the Archbishop of Cologne, Arnold II von Wied, from the year 1155. In a papal bull , the monastery of St. Gereon in Cologne is granted church and property in “Crele” in 1223. On this bull of Pope Honorius III. of August 1224 and on documents from Archbishops Heinrich I , Konrad and Siegfried , Archbishop Heinrich II also appeals on December 24, 1324 and confirms the incorporation of the parish "Kreylle" to the St. Gereon Monastery by document .
With regard to the parish, the settlements of Kriel and Lind, the Decksteiner, Palanter and Stüttger Hof as well as other smaller hamlets are also mentioned. Two mills and their small farms are also mentioned. Hereditary bailiff of the Holy Church in Cologne was lord of the Alps at that time, and later of Neuenar. From this the "Villicus" (administrator / mayor ) was appointed or removed, who was also responsible for the jurisdiction.
This court included a court court Deckstein, the curvy goods belonging to the St. Gereon monastery and the grounds in Gereonsacker, the village of Lind, the village of Bickendorf, the Kriel farm and a few other farms on the west side of the city.
In the 15th century a court court Kriel is mentioned, of which it is reported that it was moved to St. Gereon in Cologne. The Geusenfriedhof in Weyertal bears testimony to the 16th century with its gravestone inscriptions.
Except for the traces of documents preserved in church archives, which are only of locally significant interest, Kriel's past remains rather obscure. The great events of world history take place in Cologne, which was far away for the time. There is no evidence of the Thirty Years' War , the plague or the wars and minor skirmishes of the princes and bishops in Kriel. Over the centuries there have been recurring arguments between the St. Gereon Abbey and the hereditary bailiffs about the expansion of the Kriel “ righteous ”.
Around 1686 such a dispute was still smoldering between the monastery and the Strasbourg Cardinal Wilhelm Egon von Fürstenberg , who was also the canon of Cologne and was hereditary bailiff for the monastery. In 1687, the parties turned to the imperial court for arbitration , which, however, referred them to the episcopal councilor as the authority initially responsible for them. There the legal dispute was put down.
Kriel and the French period
Through the introduction of the administrative structure in France in 1798, Weiden became the capital of the "Canton de Weyden", which, along with numerous others, included the communities of Lövenich, Widdersdorf, Junkersdorf, Müngersdorf as well as Melaten and Kriel, which are part of today's Lindenthal district. The canton of Weiden was practically the legal predecessor of the Prussian district of Cologne formed in 1816; it was subdivided into so-called Mairien (e.g. Müngersdorf, Longerich and Efferen ). The mairies were after the French period to Prussian mayors . Accordingly, the head of a Mairie, the Maire, was called mayor in Prussian times. The mayor's office in Efferen consisted of the three municipalities Efferen , Kriel and Stotzheim , of which the municipality of Kriel was incorporated into Cologne in 1888.
After secularization, children from the Kriel area went to school in Efferen or Müngersdorf for a period of over 30 years until 1836. Only then was the dwarf school at Kriel Cathedral built with a classroom for 22 children. The restored building, preserved in the existing structure, is now privately owned.
In 1838 the parish of Kriel was supplemented by parts previously belonging to the parish of St. Mauritius. In a decree of the Archbishop's General Vicariate of December 1838 it says: The following are now part of the Kriel parish: The Neuenhof, Ober- and Unter-Klettenburg, the white house, the three new houses built on the Sülz, the brick factory of Mr. Felten and the Associated settlements south-east of the Lindenburg, the new building under construction by Mr. Felten to the north-east of the same and the houses built on the site of the former Stevensmühle. Also all in the future between the way to Efferen to Neuenhof, the Lindenburg, the Chaussee to Düren to the Kitschburg and the Bischofsweg that borders the urban area .
The Electoral Cologne area began on Bischofsweg with its properties closest to the city such as the Weiher Monastery (13 acres), which until 1447 was in front of the “ Hahnen- und Schaafenthore ” (in the immediate vicinity of Fort V of the fortress ring Cologne, today Geographical Institute) , as well as the white house with its lands (300 acres of land). The small piece of Bischofsweg, which still exists today, on the edge of what is now the Zollstock district, is the remainder of the Grenzweg, which formerly marked the administrative boundaries at that time in a longer length (for example in line with the current railway line).
In 1887 the term “district” is used for Weißhaus and - belonging to the mayor's office of Rondorf - a mixed school is given where a teacher taught Blied.
Lindenthal founded in 1846
Lindenthal was not officially founded until 1846. The citizens of Cologne Thelen and Fühling drew up a plan to establish a residential colony. On the road to Düren , in the area of today's Dürener, Falkenburg, Herder and Theresienstraße, they acquire about ten hectares of land, divide it into plots and create paths (to Gröbe / Adenauer). They sell the individual pieces of land to employees and civil servants at affordable prices. The chosen place name refers to the linden road to Düren and the valley location of the new foundation between the Linder Höhe and Hohenlind.
Kriel and the modern age
The emergence of Lindenthal from areas of the former municipalities of Kriel and Müngersdorf did not lead to the formation of a municipality, a cadastral or land register district of Lindenthal. Like numerous settlements, suburbs or cities, its development was not based on (artificial) borders that were once drawn.
The boundaries of today's Lindenthal district are, however, defined and reproduced in the official city map of Cologne. It runs southwest between Aachener Strasse and Zülpicher Strasse (extension of Gleueler Strasse) starting at Innere Kanal-Strasse and ending at the outer green belt.
Notes on the files of the mayor offices of Efferen, Rondorf and Müngersdorf on the negotiations on incorporation in Cologne in 1888 provide information. It is stated that the even house numbers are assigned to Zülpicher Straße, Lindenthal.
Until the Second World War , the suburb of Lindenthal was characterized by dense villa development . This development was favored by the urban forest. On July 4, 1895, the Cologne Council approved the start of the development of the local recreation area “Stadtwald” with play areas, dense trees, ponds and the forest tavern. At the turn of the century , the expensive project (2.5 million gold marks ) was realized. The current area of the urban forest is 205.3 ha including the urban forest expansion (→ see main article: Cologne urban forest ).
Attractions
Kriel Cathedral
→ See main article: Krieler Dömchen
The Krieler Dom, also popularly known as the Krieler Dömchen, is a small Romanesque church from the 10th century, which was consecrated to the arch martyr Stephanus . It consists of a nave and a small attached aisle. Today's entrance is through the tower in front of the nave. Hook-shaped corbels still protrude from the wall of the nave and suggest an adjoining hall at that time, which probably served as a courthouse for the Kriel court at that time.
An earlier gate entrance was walled up with a tombstone from 1658 and two Romanesque cross stones . The Krieler Dömchen, the oldest church building in Lindenthal, served all Catholics in the area for parish services until 1887 . His churchyard is the oldest burial place in Lindenthal, burials took place here until 1869. When the rapidly growing population of Lindenthal asked for a larger and centrally located church, the Kriel Cathedral gave up its function as a parish church to the Church of St. Stephan .
The building of the dwarf school at Krieler Dom, which has been restored but is still preserved in the existing structure, is now privately owned.
Decksteiner cemetery
After the churchyard at Kriel Cathedral was closed, the funerals of the Kriel and Lindenthal parishes took place here from 1869 to 1917. The Decksteiner Friedhof was opened by the municipality of Efferen. Today's funerals are carried out in the Melaten cemetery belonging to Lindenthal . The Jewish cemetery, which the Adass Jeschurun community acquired in 1910, is hidden behind the Decksteiner Friedhof area . However, this is not freely accessible; Permission is given by the Cologne synagogue community.
literature
- Die Chronik Kölns / Chronik Verlag ISBN 3-611-00193-7
- Konrad Adenauer, Volker Gröbe: Lindenthal, the development of a Cologne suburb ISBN 3-7616-1603-1
- Robert Wilhelm Rosellen: History of the parishes of the deanery Brühl. JP Bachem Verlag, Cologne 1887 (further sources are named therein)
- Directory of the districts in NRW (enter keyword in the search field)
- Joachim Bauer / Carmen Kohls: Cologne under French and Prussian rule , in: Werner Adams / Joachim Bauer (eds.) From the Botanical Garden to Urban Green - 200 Years of Cologne Green (Stadtspuren - Monuments in Cologne, Volume 30) Bachem Verlag, Cologne 2001 ISBN 3-7616-1460-8
- Lacomblet, Th. J .: Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine Vol. 1 , Düsseldorf 1840 (ND 1966), No. 385
- Parish council of St. Albertus Magnus (Ed.): From Crele to Kriel, 50 years of St. Albertus Magnus - 1000 years of pastoral care at the Krieler Dom , Cologne, 1988. 151 pages, contains extensive historical material, maps, etc. a. the oldest known photograph around 1860.
- Kluger, Helmut: Historical and legendary things about Kriel , essay in with 20 further references to the history of Kriel