Bischofsweg (Cologne)

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The Bischofsweg., Schweidkarte 17th century
Tranchot card (1801-1814)

The Bischofsweg marked in Cologne in the Middle Ages, the separation between the archbishop's violence against the free imperial city of Cologne and was based roughly on the course of the medieval city walls.

History of origin

1874

Little is known about the construction of the Bischofsweg. Friedrich Everhard von Mering suspected in 1838 that the Bischofsweg originated from the Romans, because the " Corpus iuris civilis " suggests it. When the construction of the medieval city wall began in 1180, there was a moat in front of the wall (~ 15 m wide and 4 m deep), which silted up over time. At that time, a belt of trees lined the border path called Bischofsweg at a distance of 250 to 850 meters from the moat. In the Middle Ages it moved the entire city on the left bank of the Rhine as a marrow or border divide and divided the Cologne area, the Cologne castle ban, into an inner and an outer castle ban area. The two areas differed significantly in their land use as garden and arable land. Horticulture prevailed in the area between the medieval city wall and Bischofsweg, while agriculture and cattle breeding predominated in the outer castle area. Horticulture concentrated on growing vegetables and viticulture on small plots delimited by fences or walls. The Bischofsweg thus also functioned as a land use boundary.

Since Archbishop Engelbert II. Von Falkenburg (1261–1274), the Archbishop was no longer allowed to spend the night in the city, but had to move into his courtyard from his quarters outside on the so-called “quiet Bischofsweg” around the city. As early as Anno II it is reported that he stayed outside the city in St. Gereon . This is how the path got its name. Evidently since 1474 there has been no permanent settlement within the agricultural area. When the city was threatened with siege by Duke Charles of Burgundy in July 1474 , it had numerous buildings in front of the city wall torn down. This particularly affected the buildings between the city wall and the Bischofsweg. In the 15th century the way was called “des bischoffs straisse” or “des bischoffs wech”.

The Cologne Schweidkarte by Abraham Hogenberg records the course of the "Bischoffs Weg" in 1609 and shows that the Bischofsweg in the west was the greatest distance from the city wall. In 1791, the city of Cologne seriously considered renouncing almost all rights outside the area enclosed by the Bischofsweg, but rejected these plans. In the French era , the Bischofsweg formed the border between the cantons of Weiden and Cologne from February 5, 1799 . On the map by Jean Joseph Tranchot (created 1801–1814; published in 1840) the Bischofsweg begins on Bonner Strasse and ends at the level of the "Zuckerberg".

On April 6, 1848, the “Royal Government of Cologne” decreed that the Bischofsweg around the city should be completely chaussed, but that no road fee would be charged.

Many of the smaller paths and streets started from the Bischofsweg, a cross connection that surrounded the city wall at a distance of 250 to 850 meters. It was abandoned and built over in November 1883 as part of the city's expansion.

Former history

The Bischofsweg ran as a street from Bonner Strasse at Judenbüchel in the south around the city to Riehl in the north. From there the border led without any significant roads to the Rhine. If you orient yourself on today's roads, it ran roughly as follows - from south to north:

  1. Agrippina-Ufer / Römerpark (start)
  2. Eburonenstrasse
  3. Siegfriedstrasse
  4. Wormser Strasse
  5. Veledastraße (former abbreviation)
  6. Volksgartenstrasse
  7. Eifelplatz
  8. Pfälzer Strasse (southern part)
  9. Moselstrasse
  10. Dasselstrasse
  11. Lützowstraße (former abbreviation)
  12. Jülicher Strasse
  13. Moltkestraße (to Aachener Straße as a former abbreviation)
  14. Brussels Street (to Antwerpener Straße as a former abbreviation)
  15. Brussels Street (from Antwerpen Street)
  16. Spichernstrasse
  17. Neusser Strasse / Schillingstrasse
  18. Balthasarstrasse / Riehler Strasse (southern part)
  19. Worringer Strasse (end)

Today's Bischofsweg is a connection between Marktstrasse in Cologne-Raderberg and Vorgebirgstrasse in Cologne-Zollstock ; it does not follow the medieval path, but merely reminds of its existence.

literature

  • Adam Wrede: Neuer kölnischer Sprachschatz , first volume, p. 80, Greven Verlag, Cologne, 9th edition 1984, ISBN 3-7743-0155-7
  • Alexander Hess: The southwest area of ​​the medieval city of Cologne . In: Fortis. The Magazine 2014 . Cologne 2014. pp. 27–34

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Rolf Conrad, The Cologne Neustadt. An economic and socio-geographic study , dissertation, Cologne 1955, p. 14
  2. ↑ Friedrich Everhard von Mering / Ludwig Reischert, On the History of the City of Cologne on the Rhine , Volumes 1–2, 1838, p. 141
  3. ↑ Alexander Hess, The southwestern environment of the medieval city of Cologne , p. 29.
  4. ↑ Hartmut Zuckert, Allmende und Allmendaufigung , 2003, p. 82
  5. ^ Verlag Siedlungsforschung, Siedlungsforschung: Archeology, History, Geography , Volumes 1–2, 1983, p. 144
  6. ↑ Georg Ludwig von Maurer, History of the City Constitution in Germany , Volume 1, 1869, p. 545
  7. ^ Aegidius Müller, Anno II., Der Heilige, Archbishop of Cologne , 1858, p. 148
  8. ↑ Elfi Pracht-Jörns, Jewish cultural heritage in North Rhine-Westphalia , 1997, p. 282
  9. ↑ Ludwig Röhrscheid, Annals of the Historical Association for the Lower Rhine , Edition 209, 2006, p. 69
  10. ^ Joachim Deeters, The French Years: Exhibition on the occasion of the invasion of the revolutionary troops in Cologne on October 6, 1794 , 1994, p. 33
  11. ^ New collection of all Prussian laws and ordinances that are valid in the Prussian Rhine Province for the administration of justice and administration , Volume 9, 1850, p. 88
  12. ↑ Fred Kaufmann / Dagmar Lutz / Gudrun Schmidt-Esters, Cologne street names: Neustadt and Deutz , 1996, p. 13
  13. ↑ Walther Zimmermann, Die Kunstdenkmäler des Rheinlands , 1978, p. 74