Buschfeld House
Buschfeld House , also called Buschfeld Castle in recent specialist literature , is located on the upper course of the Erft in the Erftstadt area between the two districts of Bliesheim and Liblar .
The property consists of a manor house , which has been listed as Schloss Buschfeld in the Erftstadt monuments list since October 2007 , a bailey and the remains of a mill. It is one of the oldest fortified moated castles in the Rhein-Erft district . Due to its size and the associated land ownership, the Knight's seat Buschfeld was previously classified as eligible for a state parliament.
The buildings
Mansion ( castle )
The three-storey mansion is a simple late-baroque brick building with a slate-covered , steep hipped roof on a rectangular floor plan. Its basement consists of two parallel barrel vaults . The brickwork on its two lower floors is muddy red.
Above the neoclassical portal of the nine-axis building is the alliance coat of arms of its builder Hugo Damian Adolf Freiherr von Quadt zu Buschfeld and his wife Maria Adriana von Hatzfeld-Wildenburg zu Schönstein. The 25 by 12 meter building, the rear facade of which has a central risalit , is surrounded by a small park and is used as a residential and office building.
Outer bailey
To the west of the manor house are the former farm buildings, which are surrounded on three sides by around 13 meters wide moats , which enclose a rectangular inner courtyard. The four-winged structure, measuring 78 × 85 meters, can be reached via a three-arched brick bridge that leads to a round arched portal. Its keystone shows the coat of arms of the Quadt family.
The two-storey wing of brick are with a gable roof completed. With its southern parts of the building, the outer bailey still has a building stock from the 16th century, while the gable corner house on its southeast corner has a stepped gable , which probably dates to the 17th century. In the 1990s, the utility buildings were rebuilt and have been home to condominiums since then.
Mill
From the former water mill of the complex, which stood west of the outer bailey, only a brick building, probably from the late 18th century, including the remainder of a mill wheel, remains today. At the beginning of the 1990s, these remains were integrated into the new building when a residential house was built on the site of the former Buschfelder Mühle.
history
Residents and owners
Kerpen von Buschfeld
Buschfeld Castle was first mentioned in a document in 1276. It was owned by Wennemar von Gymnich , who gave it to his sister Beatrix von Gymnich, widow of Johann von Kerpen , and her children together with other properties in exchange for the Kerpen Castle . They and their descendants called themselves von Buschfeld in the following .
Schilling from Bornheim and Buschfeld
A mention of Wilhelm Schilling von Buschfeld as lord of the castle in 1170 is not documented. Wilhelm Schilling, documented since 1173, never mentioned a place of origin. It was only in the legend of the discovery of the Madonna by Wilhelm Schilling in the Schillingscapellen monastery (today in the Buschhoven parish church ) recorded in 1686 that he was called Wilhelm Schilling von Buschfeld, Ritter , Herr zu Bornheim. The first of the Schilling von Bornheim family to call themselves von Buschfeld were Wilhelm Schilling von Buschfeld (busvelt) and his brother Hermann von Buschfeld from 1318 to 1321, bailiffs in Liedberg and Uerdingen in 1311 .
In 1340 Johann von Buschfeld, son of the deceased Hermann, was enfeoffed by the Archbishop of Cologne, Archbishop Walram von Jülich, with the Buschfeld Castle, the "castrum Buschfeld" as an open house of the Cologne church. Hermann's brother Arnold von Buschfeld, the builder of Konradsheim Castle , left Buschfeld to his nephew Johann. After the death of his son and successor Johann von Buschfeld, his brothers Wilhelm and Hermann shared the inheritance in 1417. Wilhelm received the Buschfeld house, Hermann the canal in Liblar.
Quadt of Buschfeld
In 1447 Johann von Buschfeld, Wilhelm's son, sold "dat Sloss, burgh ind huyss Buysfelt mit Thurnen, portzen, Bruggen, vurburge, grau, wyeren, visscheryen, Schuyren, gulden, Renten ind synre zubehoere" to the knight Everhard Quad . For more than 300 years, the Buschfeld family remained in the family ownership of the barons (since 1620) von Quadt . In 1757 the last male representative of the Buschfeld line of Quadts, the Trier high choir bishop and archdeacon Johann Sigismund Freiherr Quadt von Buschfeld, died.
Modern owners
In 1757 the plant was inherited by the closest relatives of the last Quadt von Buschfeld, the von der Leyen zu Adendorf family , who sold it in 1802 to the Barons von Loë zu Wissen . Through the marriage of Alexandrina von Loë to Wissen, Buschfeld came to the imperial count Clemens Wenzeslaus von und zu Hoensbroech , whose seat was at Haag Castle in Geldern . His descendants sold the property in 1926 to the limited partnership Dr. Wegge that used it as an agricultural homestead. In the early 1970s it was sold to the Meller family, who in 1997 sold it to the Hendel family in Cologne.
At the request of the owners, the city council of Erftstadt decided on March 8, 2007 to enter the manor house as Schloss Buschfeld in the list of monuments. The update of the manor house in Schloss Buschfeld - supported by an expert opinion on the monument value by the Rhenish Office for Monument Preservation - took place on October 24, 2007. However, the entire complex continues to be called Haus Buschfeld .
Building history
The beginnings of Buschfeld can be found in a two-part, fortified complex, which consisted of an outer bailey and a castle house and was surrounded by two wide moats. The castle house, located in the northeast of the complex, was separated from the outer bailey by an inner moat. No traces of it have survived, as the so-called Black Tower of the apparently very old core castle collapsed in 1705 and the remains were completely removed in 1711. The material was used for repairs to the stables and the access bridge.
In place of the old castle house, the owner at the time, Hugo Damian Adolf von Quadt zu Buschfeld, left a new mansion in the style of the late baroque to the east of the existing building between 1708 and 1711 under the Trier court architect Philipp Honorius Ravensteyn at the location of the outer, meanwhile filled-in moat erect. The new building devoured the stately sum of around 15,000 guilders. The wall anchors on the building indicate the end of construction work in the form of the year 1711.
A drawing by the painter Renier Roidkin from 1730 shows the farm buildings of the complex with several high towers crowned by large domes; next to it the rather simple new residential building. At that time there was a small garden in the north-western part of the outer bailey next to the former location of the old castle house, which has also completely disappeared today.
The current classical impression given by the manor house is due to the fact that the Wegge family "modernized and redesigned" the building between 1924 and 1926 according to plans by the Speckmann building council. These conversions were followed from 1926 onwards by adapting the farm buildings to their agricultural use. Presumably at that time the area of the former core castle was built over with new buildings, the facade design of which was based on that of the previous development.
The mill, first mentioned in 1553, was built by the Quadt family and fed by the Liblarer Mühlenbach. Functional until after the Second World War , it was damaged in a fire in 1961 and subsequently deteriorated so badly that the half-timbered miller's house belonging to the mill had to be demolished at the end of the 1980s. In 1991/92 a new house was built on the site, into which the preserved brick building and the remains of the mill wheel were integrated.
The oldest parts of the outer bailey date back to the 16th century. The northern buildings were not erected there until the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries (and later). In the period from 1989 to 1999, the front of the castle was renovated and converted into 37 residential units.
After the Hendel family had acquired the manor house in 1997, extensive renovation work followed , after which the building was presented in its current form.
literature
- Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art institutions. North Rhine-Westphalia I - Rhineland. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-422-03093-X .
- Anette Hendel: Buschfeld Castle . In: Yearbook 2006. 15 year. City of Erftstadt, Erftstadt 2005, ISBN 3-9809867-1-3 , pp. 29–40.
- Henriette Meynen: moated castles, palaces and country houses in the Erftkreis. 4th edition. Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1992, ISBN 3-7927-1294-6 , pp. 134-135.
- Buschfeld House. Annex for entry in the list of monuments [of the city of Erftstadt] . Status: October 24, 2007.
Web links
- Entry by Hans-Jürgen Greggersen zu Buschfeld in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
- Site of the castle
Individual evidence
- ↑ A. Hendel: Schloss Buschfeld , p. 29.
- ↑ a b c Buschfeld House. Annex for entry in the list of monuments [of the city of Erftstadt] .
- ↑ Richard Knipping: The Regests of the Archbishops of Cologne in the Middle Ages . Volume 3, No. 2686.
- ↑ Richard Knipping: The Regests of the Archbishops of Cologne in the Middle Ages . Volume 2, No. 984, 1051, 1190, 1237, 1250, 1522.
- ^ Norbert Zerlett: Historical and cultural image of the Schillingskapellen monastery on the western hand of the foothills . In: Brühler Heimatblätter . No. 4. Brühl 1980. p. 29
- ^ Wilhelm Kisky : The Regests of the Archbishops of Cologne in the Middle Ages . Volume 4, No. 632.
- ↑ Guido Rotthoff: Uerdinger document book . No. 134 and No. 139.
- ^ Joseph Lacomblet: Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine . Volume 32. No. 348.
- ^ Archives Schloss Gracht, Certificate No. 879.
- ↑ Landesarchiv NRW, location Düsseldorf, holdings Kurköln, fiefdom 36. Certificate No. 2.
- ↑ See the list of monuments of the city of Erftstadt and the Kölner Stadtanzeiger from 10./11. March 2007, regional section Rhein-Erft, p. 47.
- ↑ Quoted from H. Meynen: Wasserburgen, Schlösser und Landsitze im Erftkreis , p. 34.
Coordinates: 50 ° 47 ′ 52 ″ N , 6 ° 49 ′ 7 ″ E
