Adendorf Castle

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Aerial view of Adendorf Castle

Adendorf Castle is a former aristocratic seat on the southern edge of Adendorf , a district of Wachtberg in North Rhine-Westphalia . Munchhausen Castle and Gudenau Castle are nearby .

Although the name suggests otherwise, Adendorf is not a castle , but a moated castle , which is why the name Schloss Adendorf is also common for the complex . It stands as a monument under monument protection and is one of the best preserved water castles in the Rhein-Sieg-Kreis .

The complex was first mentioned in a document in 1337 and has developed over the years from a two-wing angled building to a closed four-wing complex, which has hardly been changed after it was converted into a castle and has thus largely retained its 17th century appearance. Since 1826 it has been the property of the Barons of Loë , who offer guided tours of the castle for groups by arrangement.

history

middle Ages

Adendorf Castle around 1600, drawing from 1785 by Charles Dupuis

Adendorf Castle is the successor to a high medieval moth to the west of the current location , which appears in the documents as Hof Cumbe. The four meter high castle hill is a few hundred meters away from the palace complex and was owned by the von Hüchelhoven lords in the 14th century.

As early as 1214 a noble family "de Aedendorp" is mentioned for the first time, whose member Arnold von Adendorp is documented for 1282. Before 1337 his family built a new castle at the current location, which the knight Paul von Hüchelhoven and his wife Margarethe von Eschweiler gave to Count von Jülich , Wilhelm I , as a fief and as an open house on October 22nd of that year . However, already in 1404 the feudal sovereignty over Adendorf had changed, because in a wisdom of that year Adendorf was mentioned as the joint property of the Cologne Archbishopric and Wilhelm von Saffenberg, Count of Neuenahr .

In 1413 the von Hüchelhoven were replaced by Johann von Kempenich as the castle's tenant. But he was already through the 1,420 men of Birgel replaced before 1453, the family of Schoeneck followed as owner. Eventually the system came to the von Orsbeck family. While she was the lord of the castle, Adendorf became involved in the dispute between his liege lord, Archbishop Ruprecht of the Palatinate of Cologne , and Landgrave Heinrich III of Hesse , during which the castle was briefly besieged and taken by landgrave troops in 1476 . In 1484 or 1485 Georg II von der Leyen bought the property, which then remained in the possession of this family for over 300 years.

Modern times

Adendorf Castle around 1866, lithograph based on a template by Christian Hohe

After Hugo Ernst von der Leyen was raised to the status of imperial baron in 1653 and Adendorf became imperial in 1659 , the lord of the castle - probably as an expression of his changed social position - had the fortified complex converted into a representative Renaissance castle together with his wife Maria von Quadt zu Buschfeld by 1663 . The late medieval half-timbered buildings such as the oriel towers were replaced by stone buildings and the facades were standardized. Around the same time, the outer bailey was also changed.

On October 18, 1829 Friedrich Karl bought from Loë to know the 1806 princely family owners from the property. However, the new owner did not use the castle as a residence, but resided at the headquarters of his family on the Lower Rhine and left the administration of Adendorf to a sub-rent master . Nevertheless, in 1842 another renovation took place according to the plans of the architect Christian von der Emden . One of the changes was the filling of the moat between the manor house and the outer bailey, after which the bridge that was no longer needed was replaced by a small open staircase .

It was not until 1888 that the castle was used as a residence again, because that year the widowed Therese von Loë moved into domicile. In previous years, the property had been prepared for this purpose, with the architect Ittenbach, for example, setting up a neo-Gothic palace chapel in 1887 . As early as 1884 a ramshackle oriel tower was renewed and the drawbridge leading to the outer bailey was replaced by a stone bridge. In the year she moved in, the new lady of the castle commissioned Dahs, Reuter & Co. with the redesign of the castle grounds. The draft plan submitted in December 1888, for example, provided for the conversion of the fish ponds into a garden pond and was largely implemented. The work for this took place in 1889. However, some plantings were not made until 1895.

From the 20th century

The landscaped garden around the castle was redesigned again around 1914, but then the complex remained unchanged for a long time. It was not until the 1970s that a complete repair was carried out, which was completed in 1979. In 1982/1983 the natural stone masonry of the complex was renovated and paintings in the star vault of a corner tower of the main house were exposed and preserved before the inner courtyard was repaired from 1984 to 1987. Another restoration was carried out from 2006 to 2008. Even the moat was drained for the work. Much of the restoration work in the recent past was partly carried out with funds from the German Foundation for Monument Protection , most recently in 2011.

Every year on Ascension Day , the owners Georg Freiherr von Loë and his wife Gabriela organize a fair for luxury goods in the form of a country tour on the castle grounds together with a trade fair company . Since 2009 it has also been possible to get married in the chimney room of the castle. In addition, other events take place at irregular intervals, such as summer concerts by choirs and orchestras in the courtyard.

Film production companies use the system around twice a year. In 2008, for example, parts of the Jo Baier film Henri 4 were shot in the area of ​​the castle, while in 2011 the property served as the backdrop for the crime scene episode Hinkebein with actor Axel Prahl . It was not the first time that Adendorf Castle was the location of the Tatort makers. Even Götz George turned there two consequences for the crime series, as well as the palace complex also film set for a series of series Wilsberg with Leonard Lansink was.

description

Aerial view of the plant

Adendorf Castle is a two-part complex, consisting of a fort-like manor house and an outer bailey to the southeast, which stand on a common island with a rectangular shape. The wide moat surrounding the island is enclosed by a wall and widened like a pond around the manor house. It is fed by the Mühlenbach. The property next to extensive forest and agricultural land, a part of the castle park in landscape style with mature trees. The remains of a formal garden , which can still be seen in its basic concept, are integrated into it. It is located outside the moat north of the castle buildings.

Outer bailey

The gate construction of the facility

The three-winged outer bailey has a horseshoe shape that is open to the main house and can be entered through a gate on the north corner. The three-storey gatehouse with a curved gable in the form of the Dutch Renaissance probably dates from around 1600. Its fireplace in the very rare shape of an octagonal star suggests that the architect may have come from Nijmegen . The gate can be reached via a stone arch bridge to which an avenue of lime and chestnut trees leads. The gatehouse has narrow loopholes on its eastern narrow side facing the bridge . The arched gate entrance consists of humpback blocks and is flanked by pilasters . The gate passage is spanned by a groin vault.

The east and south corners of the outer bailey are marked by square towers, of which the eastern one could just be saved from collapsing after an earthquake in 1951/1952. The towers have a foundation made of quarry stone and are otherwise made of brick . Your pyramid helmet is covered with slate shingles. Loopholes made it possible to coat the trenches.

The two-storey north-east wing used to house the stables. A flat strip of cornice stretches along the outside between the ground floor with small round windows and the upper floor with rectangular windows . The ground floor of the wing is equipped with a groined vault. This is supported by a central row of octagonal pillars with square cover plates. The barn in the southeast wing of the outer bailey is also two-story. It was built entirely from quarry stone and has only narrow slits of light. On the courtyard side, arched gates lead into the interior, above which the alliance coat of arms of the von der Leyen and von Quadt families as well as the year 1776 can be found. The third wing of the bailey consists of a single-storey coach house with quarry stone masonry and the former renting facility on the west corner. This two-story building with a slate, high hipped roof has windows with house borders . On the courtyard facade, the von der Leyensche coat of arms and the year 1669 can be seen directly under the eaves .

Mansion

Manor house, view from the west

The main house is a four-wing plastered building , the wings of which are grouped around an almost square inner courtyard. The floor plan goes back to a castle from the 14th century. The two and a half brick floors of the building rise above a high base floor made of quarry stone and are closed off by steep pitched roofs with small dormers and slate roofing. The design of the building is reminiscent of Dutch models, but perhaps Italian country mansions in the Mannerist style also served as a model for the lords of the castle, because the von der Leyen family's sons spent several years studying in cities in northern Italy. The building has rectangular windows with natural stone walls and house bindings as cornices. At the north corner there is a massive, three-storey round tower with a slate-covered conical roof . Like the stable of the outer bailey, it has small, round windows on the ground floor, while the two upper floors have cross-story windows . The defense tower still comes from the medieval complex. It used to be a courtroom and the dungeon . The other corners of the manor house are covered with polygonal oriel turrets that rest on console-like projections in the form of overturned cones. Their steep, octagonal helmets are slated. The tower corners and window frames are made of stone.

The eight-axis main facade of the building is on the southeast side and faces the outer bailey. In its fifth axis, the rusticated portal is slightly lower than the ground floor. A double staircase with a curved shape leads up to it. It is crowned by a flat triangular gable, the gable triangle of which shows the coat of arms of the von der Leyen family. Behind the portal there is a gate hall with two groin vaults, which are separated from each other by belt arches. The gate hall leads the visitor to the courtyard in the style of the Italian Renaissance. The alliance coat of arms of the von der Leyen and von Quadt families can be found above the archway on the courtyard side. Many of the windows facing the courtyard are crowned by volute gables. The volute gable of a door in the northwest wing shows the year 1659.

In addition to a wooden staircase from the late Middle Ages, there is a Renaissance fireplace with numerous coats of arms in the great hall. It came to Adendorf around 1900 from Konradsheim Castle , which was also owned by the von Loë family, and shows the coats of arms of the following noble families : Waldbott , Schall , Bernsau , Haeß, Wachtendonk , Loë, Schinck and Nesselrode .

literature

  • Georg Dehio : Rhineland (= Handbook of German Art Monuments . North Rhine-Westphalia, Volume 1 ). Deutscher Kunstverlag , Munich / Berlin 1967, p. 37.
  • Reinhard Friedrich (Red.): Small castle tour in the Rhineland. German Castle Association , Braubach 2010, pp. 24–26.
  • Barbara Hausmanns: lock and bolt. Old door locks at Adendorf Castle. In: Rhein-Sieg-Kreis (ed.): Yearbook of the Rhein-Sieg-Kreis 2007. Edition Blattwelt, Niederhofen 2006, ISBN 3-936256-24-1 , pp. 142–149.
  • Dirk Holtermann, Ernst F. Mosdzien: The Rheinbacher Castle Round . Cycling between Drachenfels and Tomberg. Bouvier, Bonn 2001, ISBN 3-416-02981-X ( online ).
  • Rita Hombach: Landscape gardens in the Rhineland. Recording of the historical inventory and studies of garden culture of the "long" 19th century (= contributions to architectural and art monuments in the Rhineland. Volume 37). Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 2010, ISBN 978-3-88462-298-8 , pp. 178-181.
  • Robert Janke, Harald Herzog: Castles and palaces in the Rhineland. Greven, Cologne 2005, ISBN 3-7743-0368-1 , pp. 46-47.
  • Hans Kisky: Castles and manors in the Rhineland. Based on old engravings and templates (= castles, palaces, mansions. Volume 15). Weidlich, Frankfurt am Main 1960, pp. 112-113.
  • Volker Laube: Lower Rhine water castles. Especially Adendorf. University of Bonn, Bonn 1965.
  • Ernst Polaczek: The art monuments of the Rheinbach district (= The art monuments of the Rhine Province . Volume 4, Section 2). L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1898, pp. 12-15 ( digitized version ).
  • Theodor Wildemann: Rhenish water castles and water-defended palace buildings. Rhenish Association for Monument Preservation and Heritage Protection, Bonn 1954, panels 53, 135, 139.
  • Franz Petri , Georg Droege , Friedrich von Klocke , Johannes Bauermann (eds.), Klaus Flink: Handbook of the historical sites of Germany . Volume 3: North Rhine-Westphalia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 273). 2nd, revised edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 1970, DNB 456882855 , pp. 7-8.

Web links

Commons : Burg Adendorf  - Collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Entry on Adendorfer Ländchen (cultural landscape area Regionalplan Cologne 268) in the database " KuLaDig " of the Rhineland Regional Association , accessed on July 17, 2017.
  2. ^ Hanns Ott: Rhenish water castles. History, forms, functions. Weidlich, Würzburg 1984, ISBN 3-8035-1239-5 , p. 200.
  3. ↑ a b c D. Holtermann, EF Mosdzien: The Rheinbacher Burgenrunde. Cycling between Drachenfels and Tomberg. 2001 ( online ).
  4. ^ Hans Otzen: Castles and palaces around Bonn. Bouvier, Bonn 2000, ISBN 3-416-02889-9 , p. 73.
  5. ^ Castle history on the old castle website ( Memento from September 11, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ R. Friedrich: Little Castle ride in the Rhineland. 2010, p. 24.
  7. ↑ a b W. Zimmermann u. a .: North Rhine-Westphalia. 1970, p. 8.
  8. ^ Karl Emerich Krämer : From castle to castle between Cologne and Aachen. 2nd Edition. Mercator, Duisburg 1984, ISBN 3-87463-117-6 , p. 48.
  9. ↑ Entry by Jens Friedhof on Adendorf Castle in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
  10. ↑ a b B. Hausmanns: lock and bolt. Old door locks at Adendorf Castle. 2006, p. 145.
  11. ↑ R. Friedrich: Little Castle ride in the Rhineland. 2010, p. 25.
  12. ↑ a b c Harald Herzog: Rheinische Schlossbauten in the 19th century. Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1981, ISBN 3-7927-0585-0 , p. 59.
  13. ^ R. Janke, H. Herzog: Castles and palaces in the Rhineland. 2005, p. 47.
  14. ↑ a b c d R. Hombach: Landscape gardens in the Rhineland. 2010, p. 178.
  15. ↑ Entry on Adendorf Castle in the private database "Alle Burgen".
  16. ^ Harald Herzog: Rhenish palace buildings in the 19th century. Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1981, ISBN 3-7927-0585-0 , p. 24.
  17. ^ R. Hombach: Landscape Gardens in the Rhineland. 2010, p. 181.
  18. ↑ a b R. Friedrich: Small castle trip in the Rhineland. 2010, p. 26.
  19. ↑ Jochen Wagner: Adendorf Castle is being spruced up. In: General-Anzeiger Bonn . Edition July 7, 2006 ( online ).
  20. ↑ A specific donation enables further funding. The German Foundation for Monument Protection supports the restoration of Adendorf Castle for the third time. Accessed February 7, 2017.
  21. ^ A b c Tanja Heuser: Münster crime scene. The stars spin at Adendorf Castle. In: Express Bonn . Edition of November 19, 2013 ( online ).
  22. ↑ Jochen Wagner: Adendorf Castle is used as the location for a film by Jo Baier. In: General-Anzeiger Bonn . Edition of November 22, 2008 ( online ).
  23. ^ A b Corneel Voigt, Stefan Frankewitz : Flight over the Rhineland. Pomp , Bottrop / Essen 1996, ISBN 3-89355-138-7 , p. 125.
  24. ^ T. Wildemann: Rhenish moated castles and water-defended palace buildings. 1957, plate 53.
  25. ^ A b E. Polaczek: The art monuments of the Rheinbach district. 1898, p. 13.
  26. ^ Hanns Ott: Rhenish water castles. History, forms, functions. Weidlich, Würzburg 1984, ISBN 3-8035-1239-5 , p. 231.
  27. ↑ Information about the castle at toepferort-adendorf.de ( Memento from May 31, 2016 in the Internet Archive ).
  28. ^ A b E. Polaczek: The art monuments of the Rheinbach district. 1898, p. 14.
  29. ^ Hanns Ott: Rhenish water castles. History, forms, functions. Weidlich, Würzburg 1984, ISBN 3-8035-1239-5 , p. 188.
  30. ^ T. Wildemann: Rhenish moated castles and water-defended palace buildings. 1957, plate 139.

Coordinates: 50 ° 36 '42.1 "  N , 7 ° 3' 55.7"  E