Schilling Chapels

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Dünstekoven Schillingscapellen (01) .png
Schillingscapellen, aerial photo (2015)

Schillingscapellen is a former monastery founded in 1197 and dissolved in 1802 . It belonged to the diocese of Cologne and was initially inhabited by the order of the Premonstratensian women , and then by the Augustinian choir women from around 1450 . Schillingscapellen is located on the western slope of the Ville , about one kilometer southeast of the village of Dünstekoven in the municipality of Swisttal in the Rhein-Sieg district . The former women's monastery is now used as an agricultural property and residential building and is called Gut Capellen .

history

Rosa Mystica figure from the 12th century formerly belonging to the monastery and has been venerated in Buschhoven since 1806 .

Schillingscapellen was founded by knight Wilhelm called Schilling (Latin Solidus ), Vogt of Bornheim and ancestor of the family of the Lords of Bornheim , and furnished with goods. In two documents from 1197, the Archbishop of Cologne, Adolf von Altena, confirmed the founding of the Capellen monastery and the donation of the goods. The name Schillingskapellen is derived from the name of the founder Wilhelm Schilling.

According to a legend recorded on wooden panels in 1686, the above-mentioned knight Wilhelm Schilling von Buschfeld , Herr zu Bornheim, found a picture of Mary at this point during a ride on the hunt, after which he had a chapel built in the forest . After returning from a pilgrimage to the holy grave , he donated his property and had the monastery built next to the chapel. His wife and daughters entered the monastery, of which Laetitia became the first abbess.

Over the years, the monastery received additional lands, farms, relics and treasures. Two Romanesque figures of the Virgin Mary of the Sedes sapientiae type were venerated in the monastery ; they attracted crowds of pilgrims, St. James pilgrims and pilgrims from the surrounding area: On the one hand, a representation of the Rosa mystica , which was kept in the collegiate church. On the other hand, another, artistically more valuable, which was located in the chapter house and was only shown publicly on special events.

In the monastery area there was a large farm yard, whose lands, around 100 acres, were worked by lay sisters and servants. Cows, sheep, pigs and poultry were kept, and the fish ponds were stocked with fish. The monastery had a brewery, a distillery and a flour mill. Their mill wheel was driven by the Buschbach flowing through the monastery grounds and by a moat with water from the Swist. Vineyards on the foothills , the eastern slope of the Ville , and the lease fees from the winemakers provided the table wine. Vegetables and medicinal herbs grew in the monastery garden.

For cost and logistical reasons, mainly stones from the Roman Eifel aqueduct were used to build the buildings . For this purpose, the line in the nearby Kottenforst was dug up and broken off. The wall built in this way around the monastery garden has been preserved to this day and can be visited like the excavation trench of the Roman administration. The arches of the former cloister , which was walled up after 1802, have been taken from the arches of the above-ground parts of the aqueduct bridge over the Swist and rebuilt in the same construction method.

Schillingscapellen was hard hit economically by the wars of the 16th and 17th centuries, especially through contributions. The necessary sale of land and the associated lack of income reduced the former prosperity. In contrast, there was the increasing number of pilgrims who, in addition to the miraculous images, venerated other saints and relics.

After French revolutionary troops marched in on October 6, 1794 , France annexed the occupied territories on the left bank of the Rhine after the Peace of Campo Formio in 1797 . The incorporation into the French national territory was legalized in the 1801 Treaty of Lunéville .

As a result of secularization in 1802, the monastery was closed, the property was nationalized and sold in the following years. The last abbess Maria Freiin von Storchenfeld moved to nearby Buschhoven . She took some of the monastery's equipment with her, including the monastery founding document and one of the two statues of the Virgin Mary, the Rosa Mystica . However, she initially kept the property secret.

Even when Buschhoven became an independent parish in 1803, the whereabouts of the statues were still unclear. From various sides claims to the equipment of the monastery were made: from the civil parish Heimerzheim (on whose territory Schillingscapellen is located), from the parish Heimerzheim (to which the monastery belonged), from Bonn Minster (as the main church of the region) and also from the civil parish Bornheim (with the residence of the lord of the castle there as the successor to the founder of the monastery). There was also a lack of clarity and controversy about the competence of the decision-making body (state or church). Finally, the then bishop of Aachen Marc-Antoine Berdolet complied with the request of the parish of Buschhoven, presented in particular by a Buschhoven alder and the former abbess: He allowed the miraculous image to be transferred to the Buschhoven parish church. However, this decision was widely not recognized. Only after the prefect of the Department de Rhin-et-Moselle , Alexandre de Lameth , had given his permission, was the statue of the Virgin Mary Rosa Mystica brought back to Schillingscapellen on June 22, 1806, and from there it was solemnly transferred to the Buschhovener church. From then on, Buschhoven replaced Schillingscapellen as a place of pilgrimage, the figure was kept and venerated in the then Catholic Church of St. Katharina . However, the faithful from Heimerzheim, Dünstekoven and the foothills around Bornheim no longer took part in the pilgrimage as a protest. In other respects, too, the pilgrimage to Buschhoven lost its importance in the 19th century, especially since the second statue of the Virgin Mary was lost. It was not until the 1920s that it experienced a new upswing as a result of the initiatives of the then Buschhagen pastor Wilhelm Tent. Later, pilgrimages from the surrounding villages to the so-called "Rose Festival" took place again, for example from Roisdorf since 1978 .

The miraculous image of the Rosa Mystica has been in the parish and pilgrimage church of St. Catherine, which was newly built in 1968 . The connection to Capellen and Dünstekoven can still be recognized today by the naming of the churches in the villages; both have Catherine of Siena as their parish patroness . The old Buschhoven parish church has been owned by the Protestant parish since 1984. For the Maria Rose Festival on the Sunday before June 24th, the festival of St. John the Baptist , numerous pilgrims come to Buschhoven to worship the “Rosa Mystica”. Today they come mainly from places in the Rhein-Sieg district, the Rhein-Erft district and the Euskirchen district .

The second, art-historically more valuable statue of the Virgin, which had stood in the chapter house, was taken by a farmer to his home village after the monastery was closed, where it stood in a saint's house for over 100 years . In 1938 it was bought by an art dealer in Cologne who sold it to the Liebieg Museum in Frankfurt . Today it is not in as good a condition as the other statue of the Virgin Mary, among other things the hands of Mary, the gold jewelry and the figure of Christ are missing.

The organ of the collegiate church was built by Christian Ludwig König from 1767 to 1768 . In 1806, when the monastery was dissolved in Ollheim, it was brought to the local parish church of St. Martinus . It is largely in its original condition and has been extensively renovated.

After secularization, Michael von Bury bought the monastery, demolished some buildings and walled up the cloister. In 1828 the estate came into the possession of Count Clemens von Kurzrock, the son-in-law of Michael von Bury, who sold it to Karl Freiherr von Boeselager in 1829. In 1930 the chapel was renovated and refurbished after it had previously served as a cattle shed and lumber room. Gut Capellen is still owned by the von Boeselager family .

Most of the buildings have been preserved today. Only fragments of the former three-aisled collegiate church still exist and nothing has been preserved from the water mill. The monastery wall is still completely there with the entrance gate. Only a part of the moat that brought water from the Swist still exists today; the course between the former Lützermiel and Gut Capellen can still be traced. To the southwest of the building are the former fish ponds that are fed by the Buschbach. Like the forest to the southeast, they are under nature protection. At the end of the 1990s, the complex was renovated and converted into several residential units.

literature

  • Norbert Zerlett: Historical and cultural image of the Schillingskapellen monastery on the western slope of the foothills. In: Brühler Heimatblätter on local history, nature and folklore for Brühl and the surrounding area. No. 4, September 1980, 37th volume, Brühl 1980.

Web links

Commons : Schillingscapellen  - Collection of Images


Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Originals in the Buschhoven parish archive
  2. ↑ Richard Knipping: The Regests of the Archbishops of Cologne in the Middle Ages. 2nd volume. No. 1522 and No. 1523.
  3. ^ Norbert Zerlett: Historical and cultural image of the Schillingskapellen monastery on the western slope of the foothills. In: Brühler Heimatblätter. No. 4, 1980, p. 29.
  4. ↑ Station No. 40 Swisttal-Buschhoven. Medieval excavation trench in the Kottenforst. In: Römerkanal-Wanderweg. Retrieved November 17, 2014 .
  5. ^ Klaus Grewe: Aqueducts. Water for Rome's cities , Regionalia Verlag, Rheinbach 2014. (Part B, Eifelwasserleitung, Chapter 2, The Roman Canal - Quarry of the Middle Ages, p. 296 f.)
  6. ^ Norbert Zerlett: Schillingskapellen monastery. Pp. 27-28.
  7. ↑ Catholic parish of St. Katharina Swisttal-Buschhoven (ed.): Buschhovener pilgrimage to the "Rosa Mystica". Cologne 1986, p. 14.
  8. ^ Office for Rhenish regional studies (ed.): Pilgrimage in the Rhineland. Cologne 1981, p. 130.
  9. ↑ Norberet Zerlett: Schillingskapellen monastery. P. 30.
  10. ↑ Our Lady Enthroned (fragment). In: picture index of art and architecture. Retrieved November 17, 2014 .
  11. ↑ Sankt Martinus Ollheim. District government supports organ renovation. In: General-Anzeiger (Bonn). July 29, 2013, accessed November 17, 2014 .
  12. ↑ Nature reserve "Old ponds and deciduous forest at Gut Capellen" in the specialist information system of the State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection in North Rhine-Westphalia , accessed on February 25, 2017.

Coordinates: 50 ° 41 ′ 41.1 ″  N , 6 ° 56 ′ 26 ″  E