White Castle Friesheim

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White Castle Friesheim
Friesheim, the "White Castle"

Friesheim, the "White Castle"

Castle type : Niederungsburg
Conservation status: Preserve the outer bailey
Construction: Field fire stone
Place: Erftstadt - Friesheim
Geographical location 50 ° 45 '16.6 "  N , 6 ° 46' 17.2"  E Coordinates: 50 ° 45 '16.6 "  N , 6 ° 46' 17.2"  E
White Castle Friesheim (North Rhine-Westphalia)
White Castle Friesheim

The White Castle is a moated castle and a former knight's seat in the Erftstadt district of Friesheim , in the North Rhine-Westphalian Rhein-Erft district . The manor house was destroyed in the Second World War, the outer bailey is still partially preserved.

history

Fronhof of the Cologne Cathedral Chapter

The Niederungsburg was probably the successor of a Fronhof mentioned in a document in the 11th century , which was owned by Count Emundus von Friesheim in the 9th century . Count Emundus, who was buried in Cologne Cathedral , gave his property "Friesheim" to the patron of Cologne Cathedral, St. Peter , whose earthly administrator was the Archbishop of Cologne . When Archbishop Gunthar carried out the "transfer of property" in 866, the Villication Friesheim fell to the cathedral chapter.

Schlendersburg

The castle was first mentioned in documents in 1399, when the Cologne cathedral provost Heinrich von Berg (de Monte) enfeoffed the vassal Winrich von Schlenderhan with it.

After the castle was sold by the descendants of Winrich von Schlenderhan to Johann von Munster in 1539, the latter had a new mansion built in 1540 , which had to be an open house for the cathedral chapter. The von Hoemen-Odenkirchen family had been the owners since 1554, then the von Harff family from 1568 , from whom it passed to the von Efferen zu Stolberg family in 1592 .

Quentelsburg

From them the castle came to Ferdinand von Frenz in 1661, whose descendants sold the free aristocratic seat in Friesheim to the Cologne canon Thomas von Quentel and his nephew Franz von Quentel in 1681 . It was declared an allodial property in 1683 in return for an annual rent of 200 gold guilders to the cathedral provost and cathedral chapter.

When Archbishop Joseph Clemens , the successor of Archbishop Maximilian Heinrich, had the property of his opponents confiscated, Thomas von Quentel, who had campaigned for the successor candidate Wilhelm Egon von Fürstenberg, who had been favored by the French King Louis XIV , lost his property. After the castle and winery in Lechenich were set on fire by the French allies Wilhelm Egons von Fürstenberg, the Lechenich head waiter lived for several years in Friesheim on the confiscated Quentelsburg, whose house had been restored and some of the buildings were rebuilt. The property had a well-tended garden on a separate island behind the castle.

In 1697 Franz von Quentel succeeded in buying back the castle and the property belonging to it for a sum of 13,000 thalers. After that, the castle, known as the “White Castle” in 1773, remained in the possession of his descendants.

White castle

After the death of the last von Quentel in 1776, the castle and all accessories, according to the will of Thomas von Quentel, came to the Cologne Hospital St. Revilien in Stolkgasse in 1780, until the property was taken over by the poor administration of the city of Cologne.

In 1917 the city of Cologne sold the castle with most of the land to the farmer Ludwig Leuffen. From him, the readers / Rath family acquired the castle, which is still owned by their descendants today.

White Castle around 1900

Up until the Second World War , the square complex, surrounded by a moat, consisted of the outer bailey and the manor house to the west of the farmyard . From the north side a bridge led to the main portal, above which the rollers for the drawbridge were still preserved. Long farm buildings lay on both sides of the portal. At the far ends of the windowless eastern wing were tall corner towers made of exposed brick with slate roofs. The mansion was a two-story structure. A stair tower was attached to the north gable of the house . The year 1645 was on the weather vane with the coat of arms Efferen / Metternich.

In the 19th century, four even window axes were installed. The garden was separated from the castle on its own island.

The castle was badly hit in a bombing raid during World War II in November 1943. The house was destroyed to the ground, parts of the outer bailey were badly damaged.

Today's plant

Cologne coat of arms on the portal of the White Castle

On the southern outskirts of Friesheim on Weilerswister Strasse is the White Castle, surrounded by a two-part moat, whose moats are fed by the Rotbach flowing directly past . The white paint on the plastered brickwork is seen as in need of restoration. The outer bailey is laid out in a U-shape. At each end there is a bastion tower , one of which was rebuilt after the destruction in 1943, the other remained in ruins. The farm buildings of the outer bailey were restored in a simplified form for the agriculture still practiced after the Second World War, whereby the roof on the east side was not built in the original height. The slightly curved stepped gables mentioned by Clemen are also missing. The mansion, which was destroyed to the ground, was not rebuilt. From the north side an arch bridge leads over the moat to the main portal. The round arch is flanked by two embossed pilasters . Above this is a heavy architrave on which a triangular gable rests. The city of Cologne had its coat of arms affixed to the gable.

Today, the outer bailey is mainly used to accommodate agricultural equipment, and apartments have been set up in the part facing the street.

literature

  • Frank Kretzschmar: Erftstadt-Friesheim, White Castle . In: Oberkreisdirektor des Erftkreis (Hrsg.): Kulturregion Erftkreis. Loss of a monument landscape . Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1991, ISBN 3-7927-1228-8 , p. 46 .
  • Frank Bartsch, Dieter Hoffsümmer, Hanna Stommel: Monuments in Erftstadt . Erftstadt 1998–2000.
  • Karl and Hanna Stommel: Sources on the history of the city of Erftstadt . Erftstadt 1990–1998.
  • Paul Clemen : The art monuments of the Rhine province. IV. Volume Euskirchen District . Düsseldorf 1900.

Web links

Commons : Weisse Burg Friesheim  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Manfred Groten, A Landfragment des Domstiftes from the early 12th century in: Jahrbuch des Kölner Geschichtsverein 70/1999, pp. 5-11
  2. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Oediger: Regesten of the Archbishops of Cologne in the Middle Ages. 1st volume. Reprint Düsseldorf 1978. No. 142a with reference to the epitaph in Cologne Cathedral
  3. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Oediger: Regesten of the Archbishops of Cologne in the Middle Ages. 1st volume. No. 213
  4. ↑ HASTK (Historical Archive of the City of Cologne) inventory files Domstift 3C Bl. 4, published in Stommel, sources on the history of the city Erftstadt Volume I no. 758
  5. ↑ a b c d White Castle Friesheim on erftstadt.de. Retrieved April 10, 2016 .
  6. ↑ HAStK inventory Domstift files 3C Bl. 223, published in Stommel, Sources Volume III No. 1686
  7. ↑ HAStK inventory Domstift deed No. 2/2314, published in Stommel, Sources Volume III No. 1695
  8. ↑ HAStK inventory Domstift files 3C Bl. 263, published in Stommel, Sources Volume III No. 1805
  9. ↑ HAStK inventory Domstift files 3C Bl. 322-323, published in Stommel, Sources Volume III No. 1917
  10. ↑ HAStK inventory Domstift deed No. 2 / D 15, published in Stommel, Sources Volume IV No. 2305
  11. ^ A b c Frank Kretzschmar: Erftstadt-Friesheim, White Castle . In: Oberkreisdirektor des Erftkreis (Hrsg.): Kulturregion Erftkreis. Loss of a monument landscape . Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1991, ISBN 3-7927-1228-8 , p. 46 .
  12. ↑ HAStK inventory of Domstift files 3E Bl. 5-13, published in Stommel, Sources Volume IV No. 2580
  13. ↑ HAStK inventory of poor management documents 1/1811 and document 2/1812, published in Stommel, sources Volume V No. 2706 and No. 2722
  14. ↑ Peter Simons: Friesheim, history of domkapitularischen rule: Cologne 1933. Pages 41-42
  15. ↑ HSTAD inventory Kurköln II 1611 Bl. 65-73 and Bl. 204-236, published in Stommel, Quellen Volume V No. 2745
  16. ↑ HSTAD inventory Kurköln II 1611 pp. 65-73 and 204-236
  17. ↑ HAStK inventory of Domstift files No. 27I
  18. ↑ HAStK inventory Amenverwaltung, box 56 files No. 218, published in Stommel Quellen Volume V No. 2965
  19. ↑ Peter Simons: Friesheim, History of Domkapitularischen Herrschaft, page 42
  20. ↑ a b c d e Dieter Hoffsümmer, Friesheim, White Castle in: Frank Bartsch, Dieter Hoffsümmer, Hanna Stommel, monuments in Erftstadt. Erftstadt 1998–2000
  21. ^ A b c Paul Clemen: The art monuments of the Rhine province. Volume IV Euskirchen district. Düsseldorf 1900. Pages 62–63