Friesheim (Erftstadt)

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The listed Catholic parish church of St. Martin in Friesheim.

Friesheim is a district of Erftstadt in the Rhein-Erft district with around 3000 inhabitants.

Location and traffic

The Rotbach flows through Friesheim and flows into the Erft at Dirmerzheim .

Friesheim is located southwest of the Bliesheim motorway junction , where the A 1 meets the A 61 and the A 553 (Querspange Brühl ). Due to the prevailing south-west wind, the motorway is rarely heard despite its proximity. The nearest motorway junctions are Erftstadt at the A 1 / 61 in the north and Weilerswist on the A61 and Euskirchen 1 heading south on the A. The Luxemburger Straße, the B 265 , is reached after 3 km east of Erp and after 4 km south of Lechenich bei Ahrem .

With the 807 bus from Lechenich to Euskirchen, Friesheim is connected to local traffic, but trips beyond Lechenich involve changing to other regular buses.

history

Prehistoric and Roman times

The history of Friesheim goes back to the Iron Age . In the La Tène period there was already a sedentary population in what is now Friesheim's district, who burned their dead. Two Iron Age urn graves with corpses were recovered near Friesheim . The 29 cm large reddish-brown burial urn with a smooth surface and incised decorations was broken in one of the graves. In aerial photographs , Iron Age circular graves were recognized to the west and south-west of today's location , which differ from their surroundings by the vegetation.

Matrones stone of the Matronae Vanginehae 3rd century replica
Figure of an enthroned Minerva (3rd century) found in Friesheim

Even in Roman times there were settlements in what is now Friesheim's district. The inhabitants of a settlement in the Rotbachtal worked as potters . Several pottery kilns that were part of a larger pottery district were excavated there in the 1960s and 1970s . Grave finds with grave goods , cremation graves , cult objects as well as ceramics and brick remains from Roman ruins are evidence of several settlements. They were mainly in the area of ​​“Pencil Street”, which , coming from Wichterich - Niederberg , passed Friesheim and met Römerstraße , now Agrippa-Straße Cologne-Trier . This trunk road ran past the village just under 2 km away (today used as a dirt road ).

In 1982 a matron stone was found on the eastern edge of a gravel pit , which Auvala, the daughter of Atticus, had donated to Matronae Vanginehae on their orders (ex imperio ipsarum). The votive stone with a revelation inscription , dated to the 3rd century, consists of yellowish-gray sandstone and is damaged in the upper part and at the base. It is located in the Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn . The city of Erftstadt owns a replica of the stone.

The statue of Minerva enthroned , a 16.8 cm high bronze figure, was discovered while plowing in 1925. At first it stayed with the family of the finder, then it was taken over by the mayor of Friesheim, Cader, who kept it until his death. The Roman-Germanic Museum in Cologne acquired them from his estate.

In aerial photographs were former by soil discoloration built by the Romans on the road Cologne-Trier between Erp and Friesenheim Burgi discovered.

middle Ages

The final settlement by the Franks around 450 refer to the Martinus patronage of the Friesheim church, the field name “Am Königsacker” and the place name Friesheim with the ending -heim .

The meaning of the name "Friesheim" or "Vrisheim" has remained unclear to this day. A development of the name from Frigbodesheim can be ruled out, because this place was in Swistgau (771 in pago Zucstachgowe and 879 in Tustensi pago), an area between Bonngau and Ahrgau , while Friesheim was in Zülpichgau .

Donated by Count Emundus

Emundus von Friesheim (memorial plaque in Cologne Cathedral)

Around 830, Count Emundus, a member of the imperial aristocracy of the Carolingian Empire and Count of the Kölngau , gave his property "Friesheim" to St. Peter , the patron saint of Cologne Cathedral .

When Archbishop Gunthar as administrator of the property of St. Peter made "property transfer" in the year 866 the Villication Friesheim fell to the cathedral chapter .

Villication of the cathedral chapter

In the 12th century, the Friesheim Villication consisted of the main fronhof in Friesheim with lands and several fronhofs in other places that were assigned to the main Friesheim courtyard. The Friesheim farm association was obliged to deliver in kind goods such as grain, cattle, leather from skins tanned on the farm and textiles produced there, as well as a cash donation from the Hagestolzen living on the farm, to the cathedral monastery in Cologne on five dates . The deliveries were used for the livelihood of the cathedral canons , but a part was expressly intended for the cathedral propst , for which the mayor of the court association had to provide 18 services and three meals . The main courtyard (Salgut) of the cathedral chapter had a brewery with brew pans that produced malt and beer. The surpluses generated on the farm were sold in the markets.

The Fronhof in Friesheim had a church that was named in the Liber valoris in 1308 as a parish church owned by the Provost of Cologne. The cathedral provost as pastor of Friesheim suggested a priest who took over the pastoral service in his place.

Subordination of the cathedral chapter

The cathedral chapter, which Friesheim owned as subordinate authority in the Lechenich office, appointed bailiffs who were responsible for protecting the people and who spoke justice. They succeeded in bequeathing the bailiwick rights granted to them and the associated property and income from their service goods to their descendants.

When the cathedral chapter reacquired the bailiwick rights from the heirs of the deceased bailiff at the end of the 14th century, most of the goods previously belonging to the bailiwick remained with the heirs of the bailiff family and were given to them as fiefs by the cathedral provost .

A smaller part of the property was left to the cathedral chapter, such as the castle house in Niederwich, which still existed in 1399, the "old house" that the last Vogt owned, and four other goods with which a cathedral canon was enfeoffed by the cathedral provost.

After the resignation of the Vogtshaus, the cathedral chapter had a new mansion built in 1428 as a residence for its representatives. The outer bailey with the court lands was the courtyard, called the Brügger Hof, whose income was received by cathedral canon Wolter von Brüggen in the middle of the 15th century. The tenant of the castle courtyard was obliged to keep breeding cattle for the residents. As administrator “master builder” of the cathedral chapter, he also had the task of collecting and delivering the income of the cathedral chapter and drawing up an invoice. Before the court responsible for the property, all property subject to land lease was received by his successor after the owner's death and a Kurmud was paid. The rights of the cathedral chapter and the duties of citizens were in a Weistum recorded, which was presented three times a year to the Hofgerichtstagen the residents. Millers and innkeepers were also invited to the court days when their measurements were checked.

In addition to the court court, there was a subordinate court with lower and higher jurisdiction , which met in the "Dinghaus" on the square (today Hubert-Vilz-Platz). Large and small offenses were negotiated and judged according to the law. The death penalty was imposed for serious crimes. Minor offenses were usually violations of the ordinances of the cathedral chapter. Bushkeepers ensured that the cathedral chapter's bush regulations were observed, violations such as theft of wood, collecting sticks on days that were not allowed or unattended driving unattended pigs into the bush by a shepherd to the corner fattening were punished.

Modern times

Dorf and Niederwich

Friesheim consisted of two previously separate settlements, the fortified town center and the Niederwich, which was located apart from it. The village was surrounded by protective ditches and hedges as “fortifications” that were provided with four gates or gates (portzen).

The "Niederwich" comprised the part of Friesheim that was outside the village fortifications. Probably because of its location, most of the houses and farms perished in the Dutch-Dutch War. According to the records of the Cologne councilor Hermann von Weinsberg, three courtyards and 17 houses in Friesheim were destroyed in 1591, including the following properties:

  • House and courtyard building of the Heilig-Geist-Haus (hospital) in Cologne
  • House and court of the Cologne Minorites near the Cologne Gate
  • House and yard of the Johanniter
  • The Steprather Hof
  • The Winrich cookery
  • The castle house of the cathedral chapter.

The castle house of the cathedral chapter was not rebuilt after the destruction. Only a residential building for the Halfen and new farm buildings were built. The outer bailey, called a castle in the following decades, was named "Evertzburg" after the tenant Evert in the 18th century, from which the name "Effertzburg", which is common in Friesheim, developed.

Castles and courtyards

Fortifications of the courtyards

A cadastral map from 1810 shows that in the Friesheim district there were at least 10 castles or courtyards fortified with water, whose ditch systems were inside and outside the former village fortifications, but it is no longer possible to determine the number of castles and courtyards that existed at the same time, to prove. Inheritance divisions caused larger farms to fall apart into several parcels or to be newly merged and built on.

During the survey of the Friesheim property in Friesheim in 1661, which was followed by the subsequent tax registration, three noble seats were recorded, the castle of Baron von Frenz, Wymarsburg and the castle of Baron von Hoheneck. In addition, there were several courtyards with larger lands without courtyard buildings. The Brügger Hof and the Habbelrath Hof belonged to the four courtyards of the cathedral chapter, the remaining lands of the chapter were without residential buildings.

Around 1751, as in 1661, there were three aristocratic residences eligible for state assembly, which were called the castle. Two were within the village fortifications, so the Wymarsburg, previously from Hatzfeld, and the Quentelsburg or White Castle , previously from Frenz. Outside, in Niederwich, was Redinghoven Castle, the former seat of the von Hoheneck family.

The buildings of the Habbelrather Hof were laid down in 1771. There was no alleged "black castle" outside the village fortifications in Friesheim. The house and courtyard buildings of the Schwarzenberger Hof, also known as Aldenrathshof or Unkelbachshof, no longer existed in 1661.

Outside the village fortifications was the courtyard of the Margaret Chapel in Cologne, which in 1668 was referred to as the "White Court". By the end of the 14th century at the latest, the vicar of the Margaret Chapel had possessions in Friesheim, with which he was enfeoffed by the provost.

The Schultheißenhaus, which is surrounded by moats, has been known by the population as the "Krahesburg" since the 20th century. The house of the mayor Saur, built in the Baroque style in 1727, was sold to Mayor Krahe in 1763.

The Hoverhof, located about two kilometers from the village near the Roman road Cologne - Zülpich, also belonged to Friesheim. The castle (castrum vriyssheim), which was still fortified in the 14th century, was temporarily the open house of Count Gerhard von Jülich from 1320 , and after 1358 it was again a fiefdom and open house of the cathedral provost. After the lands had been divided in the 15th century, the house and courtyard buildings were laid down and the remaining lands along with a castle in Friesheim, later called Wymarsburg, were given out as a fief .

Living conditions of the villagers

Administration and court

In the course of time, administration and jurisdiction changed. Since the 18th century, trained lawyers were appointed as mayors, who both took on the tasks of the "master builder" and prepared the accounts, as well as presiding over the court and conferring justice with the lay judges. At the end of the 18th century, a “town hall with prison” stood in place of the former dinghouse.

Agriculture

The agriculture dominated the lives of the inhabitants. The yields of their work were greatly reduced by land rent, tithe payments and sovereign taxes or crop damage. The inhabitants were powerless against the huge floods caused by the Rotbach, in which the water penetrated into the houses and farm buildings, destroyed crops and large parts of the hay harvest in the meadows adjacent to the Rotbach, called Benden , were carried away by the floods.

Wars and fires

The inhabitants of the subordinate Friesheim, like the other places in what is now Erftstadt, suffered greatly in the 17th and 18th centuries from numerous marching through troops, billeting and looting . In the so-called " Hessenkrieg ", part of the Thirty Years' War , Hessian, French and Weimar mercenaries quartered in Friesheim during the siege of Lechenich in 1642. It was similar in 1673 with the siege of Lechenich by the imperial army, when their commander, General Bournonville, set up his headquarters in Friesheim. In 1703 the village was sacked by a squad of Brigadiers de la Croix, a former mercenary.

In addition, there were financial burdens from services such as forage deliveries and contributions for the military that many residents could not afford. In 1675, in order to be able to pay the required contributions, the municipality of Friesheim was forced to take in 800 Reichstaler as annuities, for which they paid 40 Reichstaler annually. Great damage was caused by the French allies of Cologne Elector Max Heinrich and his coadjutor Wilhelm von Fürstenberg , who set fire to houses when they left Lechenich Castle in Friesheim in 1689 . In addition to arson during wartime, fires also caused devastating damage to the village in other years. In the 18th century, Friesheim was hit by major fires several times. In a village fire in 1759, 17 houses with the farm buildings burned down.

In another village fire in 1768, many properties were again affected. The municipality received tax rebates for a period of one year.

French time

From the march of the French revolutionary troops in 1794 and the following years of occupation up to 1797, the Friesheim population was again heavily burdened by billeting , contributions , manual and clamping services and forage deliveries .

After the Peace of Campo Formio in 1797, with the abolition of the old territories and the creation of new administrative districts as départements , arrondissements and cantons , the subordination of the cathedral chapter in Friesheim was also abolished in 1798 . With the reorganization of the judiciary, the jurisdiction was reorganized and the small legal cases of Friesheim were assigned to the peace court in Lechenich.

After the change in the administrative structure under Napoleon , Friesheim formed a mairie in the canton of Lechenich with Borr and Niederberg from 1800 .

In 1801 Friesheim had 184 heads of household. The population was 825, of whom 591 were adults and 234 children. 19 residents were of Jewish faith. In addition to the tenants of the large farms, there were 56 farmers who worked in small family businesses. Another part of the population consisted of 62 day labor families. Of the three Jewish families, one Jew described himself as a butcher, the other two were traders. A Jewish teacher taught the eight children in the families. Around 1800 all facilities for daily needs were available in Friesheim. In addition to the tradespeople such as bakers and innkeepers, there were 18 craftsmen who also took on work in the surrounding villages. A licensed midwife provided obstetrics. A cloth goods manufacturer and a brandy burner also covered the regional needs.

With the Treaty of Lunéville in February 1801, the left bank of the Rhine became part of the French state. Young men from Friesheim were now drafted into the French army as French citizens.

In 1802, after the Concordat concluded in 1801 between Napoléon Bonaparte and Pope Pius VII, monasteries and monasteries were abolished, their property expropriated and auctioned in the following years. In Friesheim, as a result of the secularization from the possession of the cathedral monastery, the Brüggerhof with its house, buildings, gardens and over 50 hectares of arable land was auctioned off as Evertzburghof in Aachen in 1807 . The goods of other religious institutions in the area were also sold.

Prussian time

Under the Prussian authorities, the Mairien continued to exist as mayor's offices and from 1927 as an office .

Infrastructure improvement

The infrastructure has been improved since the middle of the 19th century by expanding roads, building bridges and building the circular path. The Neuss - Lechenich and 1857 Lechenich - Derkum ( Euskirchen ) highways built in 1854 made the town better connected to the regional transport network. In 1864 the road Lommersum- Niederberg-Friesheim -Ahrem-Lechenich was built with a connection to the road Lechenich Derkum and in 1883 the road Friesheim- Erp followed. Three stone bridges over the Rotbach were built between 1888 and 1891. The Euskirchener Kreisbahnen established the connection between Friesheim and the district town of Euskirchen and the Liblar train station with a connection to Cologne in 1894/95 . The rail connection made it possible to transport agricultural products in larger quantities beyond the immediate vicinity of the place. In 1890 the telegraph connection from Lechenich to Friesheim was put into operation, to which a post agency was connected a few years later. Since 1904, the well or the Pütze have been replaced by a water pipe. In 1911 the public connection to the electricity network took place so that the houses could be supplied with electricity.

Increase in agricultural yields

The use of artificial fertilizers since the second half of the century increased agricultural yields. The improvement was reinforced by new working methods. Through the reallocation of land, which began in 1911 and which were gradually followed by others, the fragmentation of the arable land into the smallest of plots was eliminated. The larger parcels could be reached through a new network of paths with modern agricultural implements and were easier to work on.

New construction of the St. Martin Church

Bell cage of the parish church of St. Martin

When the centuries-old church in the 19th century became increasingly dilapidated and at the same time too small for the community, it was replaced by a large new building in the neo-Gothic style, according to plans by the architect August Carl Lange (1834–1884) , which has been used for worship since 1878 could be and was consecrated in 1887. The organ from 1896 comes from the Klais workshop in Bonn . Almost all of the neo-Gothic furnishings have been preserved with the exception of the windows, which burst during an air raid in World War II. The middle choir window with a glass painting "Mary and John under the Cross" from 1948 is the work of the artist Walter Benner . The other stained glass windows for the choir and aisles were made by the Oidtmann company according to designs by the artist Herb Schiffer .

From the previous church there is a baptismal font from the 12th century with corner heads and made of Namur bluestone, a silver-gold-plated tower monstrance from the second quarter of the 15th century and a restored wooden cross, a three-nail cross from around 1300, which hangs as a triumphal cross in the choir. On the back of the cross bar another painting of the crucified from a later period. Three of the five bells were cast in the 15th century (1410, 1451, 1457).

During the extensive restoration from 1981 to 1986, some structural changes were made, but adapted to the existing architectural style, so that the church is still considered an excellent example of a neo-Gothic church.

Relocation of the cemetery

At the urging of the authorities, the churchyard around the church was abandoned and in 1876 a new cemetery was created on a plot of land acquired by the municipality on today's Grüner Weg / Strunkpfad. The high cross in the center of the cemetery was erected as a tombstone for the first pastors after the new church was built.

The wall around the cemetery was largely dismantled when the cemetery was expanded. A piece of the wall with the entrance gate from 1876 was preserved.

school

As early as 1637 there was the possibility for schoolchildren to take part in the vicar's lessons in his house during the winter months. Since 1689 school fees for poor children have been paid from the income of the canon Thomas von Quentel's foundation. In 1791 school and sexton service were separated, even if the vicar taught with the support of the sexton if there were too many children. In the French period there was a sexton again. Only with the introduction of compulsory schooling in 1825 did trained teachers teach, initially in a private house, and since 1835 in a newly built school building.

Gainful employment

Until the 20th century, Friesheim was a predominantly agricultural village. In addition, there were also many craft businesses that also worked for the surrounding towns. At the end of the 19th century, the onset of industrialization changed employment. The former day laborers now earned their living as workers in Liblar in open-cast lignite mining or at the West German machine factory in Liblar.

Friesheim in the Weimar Republic and in the time of National Socialism

Financial hardship in the Weimar Republic

After the end of the First World War , many Friesheim families suffered financial losses due to inflation . In the Great Depression of 1929, many families lost their economic existence through unemployment .

Changes in 1933

Most Friesheimers were close to the Catholic Center Party, but many unemployed hoped that Hitler and his NSDAP would improve their situation through no fault of their own, and those with a patriotic mind also sympathized with Hitler. In March 1933 the NSDAP received 32% of the votes, although the center remained the strongest party with more than 35%. One of the early measures of the new government was the renaming of the street Niederweg to Adolf-Hitler-Strasse. A few years after the NSDAP took power, the party had gained many members in Friesheim as well.

Pogrom and extermination of the Jews

During the Kristallnacht on November 9, 1938, the houses and apartments of the Jewish families were demolished and the synagogue built in 1861 was destroyed. Friesheim Jews who did not succeed in emigrating were brought together with Jews living in Erp, Friesheim and Lechenich in a “Jewish house” in Friesheim, deported in 1942 and murdered in the extermination camps . That was the end of the Jewish community in Friesheim, which can be traced back to the 17th century.

A larger Jewish community had existed since the middle of the 19th century, and in 1851 a separate cemetery was laid out on the Landstrasse in the direction of Niederberg. It was used until 1942. Sold to the community of Friesheim in 1943, the burial site has been owned by the Jewish Trust Corporation since 1952 . The municipality of Friesheim took over the maintenance in 1958, after 1969 the city of Erftstadt.

Effects of war

In November 1943 people were injured and killed in an air raid, residential buildings were damaged, the manor house of the White Castle and large parts of the outer bailey were destroyed.

The war ended for Friesheim when the place was captured by American soldiers on March 3, 1945.

Changes after World War II

After the state of North Rhine-Westphalia was founded in 1946, the Friesheim office continued to exist.

In the years that followed, the infrastructure was rapidly improved through road construction and asphalting, better water supply, sewerage in all streets and the construction of a sewage treatment plant. New green spaces were used to beautify the village.

After 1949 Friesheim received a coat of arms, which was designed based on the Friesheim aldermen's seal with a bishop's staff and Peter's key.

During the municipal reform , Friesheim was incorporated into the newly formed city of Erftstadt on July 1, 1969.

Growth through displaced persons and newcomers

After the Second World War, the population of Friesheim rose sharply due to many expellees . In several phases, houses were built in the area of ​​the new settlement area, in which the municipality had made 50 acres of arable land available for those willing to build. The so-called "settlement" was built there at the beginning of the 1960s. Several houses were built at the southern exit of the village for the displaced. Vacant lots have also been closed in the center of the village. By 1969 the population had grown to 2013 inhabitants.

Protestant church

As a result of the increase, the population structure also changed in the confessional composition of the local residents. A community center, completed in 1983, was built for the large proportion of Protestant Christians in Friesheim, those who were expelled from their homes and those who moved in later years and who belonged to the Lechenich parish.

School conditions

When a new school building became necessary after the Second World War, a modern school building with classrooms, specialist rooms and a gym was built in 1959. During the school reform in 1968, the elementary school was divided into primary and secondary schools. The primary school students in Friesheim were assigned to the Erper primary school, the secondary school students to the Lechenich secondary school. The city of Erftstadt's special school for people with learning disabilities was housed in the former Friesheim school building.

Changed employment

As the population grew, there was also a change in employment behavior. Most of the working people today work outside the town, mainly in the nearby city ​​of Cologne or in its periphery . The possibility of using one's own motor vehicle had an enormous influence on this. The employment of women also increased rapidly. The number of farms has fallen dramatically. Many of the formerly self-employed farmers became part-time farmers or gave up farming. Today only a few percent of the population are active in agriculture.

Today's townscape

The neo-Gothic parish church of St. Martin, built in an exposed location on the Rotbach slope, with its tower that can be seen from afar, characterizes the townscape. The two still preserved moated castles, Redinghoven Castle and the White Castle are similarly distinctive . The baroque house has been preserved from the “Krahesburg”, whose moats were filled in in the 1960s. Small half-timbered houses can still be seen in the streets, the facades of which have been changed many times. Some of the big ones like Haus Fuck, Gasthaus Pafemütz and the rectory have been restored and are now listed. At the Rotbachbrücke is the war memorial erected in 1923 for the fallen soldiers of the First World War, which was supplemented in 1983 by a memorial stone for the dead of the Second World War and in 2007 was extended by a plaque with the names of the fallen soldiers of the Second World War.

Friesheim has a good basic supply. A doctor, dentist and pharmacy are available in town, as are bank branches and a post office, bakeries and a grocery store. The city of Erftstadt maintains a day-care center in the village .

The floods of the Rotbach, which occurred almost annually until the end of the 20th century, regularly caused damage to the residents. However, the flood risk was averted by the flood retention basin in front of Niederberg, which was completed in 2006.

In the south of the town there is a three hectare industrial park in which several well-known companies have their headquarters.

The associations that have come together in the village community contribute to village life with their events. Almost all clubs have a club house for meetings and festive events. A sports facility is located in the north between the Rotbach and the road to Lechenich.

By March 31, 2018, Friesheim had grown to 2957 inhabitants. The local mayor is currently Claudia Siebolds (as of April 2018),

Institution environmental center

An institution with a sphere of activity that extends beyond the city limits has established itself with the "Environmental Center Friesheimer Busch". It was created in 1998 from an initiative of the Erftstadt environmental network in the area of ​​a former ammunition depot of the Belgian NATO troops . Today, Erftstadt environmental and nature conservation associations as well as development cooperation associations and schools work together to implement environmental education in and outside of school, environmental, nature and landscape protection as well as the requirements of the local Agenda 21 in Erftstadt. The operation of the environmental center is intended to stimulate and promote environmental and nature conservation measures in Erftstadt and the Rhein-Erft district.

Attractions

Friesheim: The White Castle
Friesheim: House Fuck from 1608

Personalities

  • Gerd Bandilla (* 1934), German local politician, former local director of Nörvenich in the Düren district and district representative of Lyck

literature

  • Heidi Bormann, Cornelius Bormann : Home on the Erft. The rural Jews in the synagogue communities Gymnich, Friesheim and Lechenich. Erftstadt Cultural Office 1994, ISBN 3-9802650-3-X .
  • Dieter Hoffsümmer: Friesheim. In: Frank Bartsch, Dieter Hoffsümmer, Hanna Stommel: Monuments in Erftstadt. Erftstadt 1998–2000.
  • Olaf Kalscheuer: Elements of a local church history from Friesheim to the end of the 19th century. 1998.
  • Peter Simons : Friesheim (Euskirchen district). History of the cathedral capitular rule. Euskirchener Volksblatt, Euskirchen 1933.
  • Karl Stommel : The French population lists from Erftstadt. City of Erftstadt 1989
  • Karl Stommel, Hanna Stommel: Sources on the history of the city of Erftstadt. Volumes 1–5, Erftstadt Cultural Office 1990–1998.

Web links

Commons : Friesheim  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Portal: Friesheim. Mayor of the city of Erftstadt, accessed on October 31, 2013 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bernhard Schreiber: Archaeological finds and monuments of the Erftstadt area. P. 134.
  2. ↑ Simons / Oberdörffer, Borr - Pictures from old and new times according to historical sources, special print from the Euskirchener Volksblatt 1931, p. 5
  3. ↑ Bernhard Schreiber: Archaeological finds and monuments of the Erftstadt area. Pp. 134-136.
  4. ^ Gerhard Mürkens: The place names of the district of Euskirchen. Euskirchen 1958, p. 40.
  5. ^ Hermann Aubin: The emergence of state sovereignty according to Lower Rhine sources. Berlin 1920, pp. 16-17.
  6. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Oediger: Regesten of the Archbishops of Cologne in the Middle Ages. Volume 1, reprint Düsseldorf 1978, no.142a, with reference to the epitaph in Cologne Cathedral.
  7. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Oediger: Regesten of the Archbishops of Cologne in the Middle Ages. Volume 1, No. 213.
  8. ↑ Manfred Groten: An arable fragment of the cathedral monastery from the early 12th century. In: Yearbook of the Cologne History Association. 70/1999, pp. 5-11.
  9. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Oediger: The Liber Valoris. Bonn 1967, p. 48.
  10. ^ Historical Archives of the Archdiocese of Cologne (HAEK) Deanery Zülpich Friesheim 2; published in: Karl Stommel : Sources on the history of the city of Erftstadt. Volume 4, No. 2614.
  11. ↑ Historical Archive of the City of Cologne (HAStK): Holdings Domstift, documents no. 2/1174, 2/1175, 2/1187, 1/1202, 1/1203; published in: Stommel: Sources. Volume 2, Nos. 432, 442, 453 and 454.
  12. ↑ HAStK: inventory of the Domstift, files 3C, p. 3 ff.
  13. ↑ HAStK: inventory of the Domstift, files 3C sheet 2; published in: Stommel: Sources. Volume 1, No. 754.
  14. ↑ HASTK: Inventory Domstift, filing 3C Bl 172 and Bl 297;.. published in: Stommel: Sources. Volume 3, No. 1598 and 1844.
  15. ↑ HASTK: Inventory Domstift, file 27D; published in: Stommel: Sources. Volume 2, No. 947.
  16. ^ Main State Archive Düsseldorf (today State Archive NRW): Holdings Kurköln 2 1152, Bl. 225–240.
  17. ↑ HASTK: Inventory Domstift, Certificate No. 3/1705;. published in: Stommel: Sources. Volume 2, No. 1188.
  18. ↑ HASTK: Inventory Domstift, Certificate No. 3/1876;. published in: Stommel: Sources. Volume 2, No. 1335.
  19. ↑ HAStK: inventory of Domstift, files 27D.
  20. ↑ HAStK: inventory of Domstift, files 27A Bl. 3–4; published in: Stommel: Sources. Volume 3, No. 1848.
  21. ↑ HASTK: Inventory Domstift, file 27A.
  22. ↑ HAStK: inventory of Domstift, files 27D Bl. 17–37.
  23. ↑ HAStK: inventory of Domstift, files 27F.
  24. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Peter Simons: Friesheim. History of the cathedral capitular rule. Pp. 7-47 and 67-77.
  25. ^ Archive Schloss Gracht, file 553, pp. 16-18; HAStK: inventory of Domstift, files 27C, Bl. 49–73; published in: Stommel: Sources. Volume 3, Nos. 1570 and 1658; Volume 4: Addendum. No. 1766a.
  26. ↑ Hermann von Weinsberg: The book Weinsberg. Volume 4, pp. 132-133.
  27. ↑ HASTK: inventory management arms, Certificate No. 2/495..
  28. ↑ HAStK: Holdings of Minorite Depositum, Certificate No. 1/66.
  29. ↑ Main State Archive Düsseldorf: Holdings Herrenstrunden, Certificate No. 228.
  30. ↑ HAStK: inventory of Domstift, files 3C and Domstift document no. 2 / D17.
  31. ↑ Surveying and cadastral office of the Rhein-Erft district, cadastral map of the geometer Kuckelkorn from 1810.
  32. ^ Main State Archive Düsseldorf: Holdings Kurköln 2 1152; published in: Stommel: Sources. Volume 4, No. 2563.
  33. ↑ HASTK: Inventory Domstift, file 27A, Bl 8-10;. published in: Stommel: Sources. Volume 5, Br. 2912.
  34. ^ Parish archives St. Martin Friesheim church account from 1668; published in: Stommel: Sources. Volume 4, No. 2635.
  35. ↑ HAStK: inventory of Domstift, files 3C p. 13.
  36. ↑ Peter Kraut: Licentiate Johann Michael Krahe, mayor and builder. In: Erftstadt City Yearbook 2008. pp. 39–48.
  37. ↑ Main State Archives Düsseldorf: Kurköln Kartular 3 Bl. 150.
  38. ^ Main State Archives Düsseldorf: Jülich holdings, certificate no. 80; published in: Stommel: Sources. Volume 1, No. 241.
  39. ↑ HAStK: inventory of Domstift, certificate no. 2/1160; published in: Stommel: Sources. Volume 1, No. 422.
  40. ↑ Archive of Kempis –Rankenberg, holdings of Burg Kendenich document no. 37; published in: Stommel: Sources. Volume 3, No. 1646.
  41. ↑ HAStK: Domstift inventory, file 15.
  42. ↑ HAStK: Domstift inventory, files 27D, p. 51.
  43. ^ Main State Archives Düsseldorf: Kurköln 2 1152; published in: Stommel: Sources. Volume 4, No. 2564 and 2565.
  44. ^ L. Walram, M. Sarburg: The heroic defense of castle and town Lechenich 1642. Cologne 1643.
  45. ^ Vienna, Kriegsarchiv, old field files cardboard 179; published in: Stommel: Sources. Volume 5, No. 2666, based on excerpts by Stefan Sienell.
  46. ^ Parish archives St. Martinus church accounts; published in: Stommel: Sources. Volume 4, No. 2635.
  47. ^ HAEK Deanery Bergheim inventory Friesheim No. 10; published in: Stommel: Sources. Volume 5, No. 2983.
  48. ^ Main State Archives Düsseldorf: Holdings Maas and Rhine 1904, 689; published in: Stommel: Sources. Volume 5, No. 2992 and 3035.
  49. ↑ Joseph Hansen (ed.): Sources for the history of the Rhineland in the age of the French Revolution 1780-1801. Volume 4, Nos. 76 and 100; Main State Archives Düsseldorf: Kurköln 13 165; published in: Stommel: Sources. Volume 5, No. 3041 and 3043.
  50. ↑ Max Bär: The administrative constitution of the Rhine Province since 1815. Bonn 1919, p. 42 ff.
  51. ^ Karl Stommel: The French population lists from Erftstadt. City of Erftstadt 1989, pp. 154–192.
  52. ↑ W. Schieder (ed.): Secularization and mediatization in the four Rhenish departments, Canton Lechenich. Pp. 470-472.
  53. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Dieter Hoffsümmer: Friesheim. In: Frank Bartsch, Dieter Hoffsümmer, Hanna Stommel: Monuments in Erftstadt. Erftstadt 1998–2000.
  54. ^ Ruben Meyer-Graft: The restoration of the Friesheimer crucifix. In: Preservation of monuments in the Rhineland. 15th volume no. 3. Pulheim 1998, pp. 123–126.
  55. ↑ Dieter Hoffsümmer: Friesheim Chapter 7.2 Parish Church of St. Martin. With reference to: AJ Zorn: The architect August Carl Lange. In: Frank Bartsch, Dieter Hoffsümmer, Hanna Stommel: Monuments in Erftstadt. Erftstadt 1998–2000.
  56. ↑ Gabriele Rünger: Who voted for the NSDAP? In: History in the Euskirchen district. 1987, p. 124 ff.
  57. ↑ Heidi Bormann, Cornelius Bormann: Home on the Erft. The rural Jews in the synagogue communities Gymnich, Friesheim and Lechenich. Erftstadt 1993, pp. 207-229 and 333-368.
  58. ↑ Martin Bünermann: The communities of the first reorganization program in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1970, p. 86 .
  59. ↑ http://www.erftstadt.de/web/infos-zu-erftstadt/die-stadt-in-zahlen
  60. ↑ https://www.erftstadt.de/web/rathaus-in-erftstadt/rat-und-ausschuesse/ortsbuergermeister

Coordinates: 50 ° 45 '  N , 6 ° 47'  E