Blessem

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Blessem
City of Erftstadt
Coordinates: 50 ° 48 ′ 45 "  N , 6 ° 47 ′ 43"  E
Height : 94 m above sea level NHN
Residents : 1910  (March 31, 2018)
Postal code : 50374
Area code : 02235
map
Location of Blessem in Erftstadt
St. Michael

Blessem is a district of Erftstadt in the Rhein-Erft-Kreis , North Rhine-Westphalia , which, according to Section 1 (2) of the main statute, forms a city ​​district together with the Frauenthal bordering south .

location

Blessem is located immediately to the right of the Erft in the floodplain and only a few kilometers from the slope of the Ville . At the eastern edge which runs national road 265 , on the western edge the A 1 . The A1 and A 61 meet near the town at the Erfttal motorway triangle . The L 163 and Kreisstraße 44 meet in the village . The Erftstadt districts of Lechenich , Dirmerzheim , Kierdorf , Köttingen and immediately Liblar as well as the small settlement of Frauenthal to the southeast border on Blessem .

history

Prehistory and Roman times

The history of Blessem goes back to the Neolithic . A linear ceramic band settlement was discovered in 2015 when a gravel pit was being expanded on the eastern edge of Blessem. Three longhouses about 30 meters long were exposed. Another house that was found in a subsequent investigation in 2017 belonged to the time of the older linear ceramics. The burial ground of a Neolithic settlement that was cut in 2010 on today's northern edge of Lechenich extended to the east into the field of today's Blessem. The findings of the grave goods uncovered there could be dated to around 4950 to 4800 BC . The type of elaborately decorated ceramics in the grave goods allowed these artefacts to be assigned to the Großgartach culture . A larger Iron Age settlement area was found north of Blessem west of the Liblarer Mühlengraben in 2014. A manor from Roman times , a villa rustica of considerable dimensions, was discovered in 1969 near the Erft and today's castle while a gravel pit was being excavated there. Ceramic finds there were dated to the 1st to 4th centuries. Only 950 meters away near Frauenthal in today's corridor "Frauendaler Acker" was a Roman country house, which shows traces of the surface structure in an aerial photo. It is listed in the local files of the State Museum in Bonn as a porticus house in Liblar-Frauenthal and is supposed to be to be examined at a later date. Then came the construction of a noise barrier on the highway near the Erft also Roman ruins remains to days and to a Mansio pointed whose buildings were in front of the villa, it includes a larger total contact with the Roman road Trier-Cologne , today Agrippa Street Cologne-Trier called , not from.

middle Ages

The name Blessem, also known as “Bladisheim”, “Bledisheim” or “Blesheim”, as in other places with the ending -heim, indicates a settlement in Franconian times. It cannot be ruled out that the name of a Roman Bladinus is contained in the Franconian -heim name. Blessem was first mentioned in 1155 in a manuscript from the Deutz Benedictine monastery as "Bladesheim" and the place of the Lechenich parish. The small town developed around a courtyard, later Blessem Castle. According to a register of the income of the Archbishop of Cologne , Siegfried von Westerburg , from around 1293, five families lived in the village, who paid the Archbishop of Cologne their taxes in kind and in cash.

Modern times

Residents

The inhabitants of the village, who belonged to the Lechenich citizenry, were mostly small farmers and day laborers with little land. During the survey and tax assessment carried out on the orders of the elector in 1661, the village had 28 houses. Besides the courtyard there were only two larger courtyards. In addition to basic leases, the residents also had to pay the big tithe to the St. Aposteln monastery in Cologne and sovereign taxes to the archbishop and elector . The sovereign taxes were collected by the mayor who had been invited to the meetings of the Lechenich city council since the 17th century at the latest.

For the everyday life of the Blessem residents there were fixed rules that had to be observed. For use as pasture , the residents had the right to graze within defined limits ( Schweid ). The families fetched fuel from the Ville at set times. Who did not follow the regulations, illegally gathered wood, section Reiser or the secret grass or ears theft was caught, "nonlife" or "forest crime" had committed and had an office for a questioning Brüchtenstrafe pay. In the armed conflicts of the 17th and 18th centuries, especially during the siege of Lechenich in 1642, the Blessem population was heavily burdened by billeting, forage deliveries and monetary payments. In times of war, the residents of Blessem sought shelter in Blessem Castle with their belongings and cattle.

Ecclesiastical and noble possessions

Electoral property

The Archbishop and Elector of Cologne owned farmland and Benden between Blessem and Köttingen in the Schwarzau. They belonged to the "Swaifhufe" that Archbishop Heinrich von Virneburg had acquired in 1317. Over the centuries, Swaisauwe, Swairsauwe (1537) Schwasaue (1643) developed into today's name Schwarzau.

Property of the Frauenthal / Marienforst Monastery

The Blessem lands of the Frauenthal Monastery, later the Marienforst Monastery near Godesberg, were managed by the monastery courtyard in Frauenthal, provided they were not leased to Blessem families.

"Blessemer Höfchen" of the Wolff Metternich family on the canal

The farm with house, farmstead and land, which Hieronymus Wolff Metternich had acquired from the von Irresheim family in 1558, 100 years later consisted only of arable land and farms that were managed by the Grachter Hof in Liblar.

Blessem Castle
Gatehouse and mansion

Secure information about the castle and its owners has been available since 1363, when Ludwig von Blessem was enfeoffed with the castle as Burgmann von Lechenich . The castle came to the Scheiffart von Merode family in Bornheim near Bonn through marriage, and it remained in their possession for generations. In 1696 the castle was sold to the prior and convent of the Dominican monastery in Cologne .

French time

administration
Blessem at the beginning of the 19th century

When new administrative districts were created under French rule based on the French model, Blessem belonged to the canton and Mairie Lechenich.

population

In 1801 Blessem had 136 residents and 56 children under 12 years of age. Of the 47 heads of families, 14 were farmers. Besides the castle courtyard, there were only two larger farms, a farrier, 28 day labor families, including four widows with their children, and four poor women.

secularization

As a result of secularization , the estate of the Dominican monastery with its house, buildings, garden, tree garden, meadows and over 50 hectares of arable land was expropriated as spiritual property in 1802 and sold in 1808 to Johann Wilhelm Meyer from Cologne.

19th and 20th centuries

In Prussian and subsequent times, the place remained near Lechenich until the municipal administrative reform and the formation of the city of Erftstadt in 1969.

The construction of the Liblar-Euskirchen circular railway line in 1894/95 was of great advantage for the local farmers . The Blessem farmers were able to use the Frauenthal (Liblar-Frauenthal) train station to transport their agricultural products. The amalgamation of the cultivated areas in the 1920s was a step forward for agriculture. It was it that made the use of modern machines possible. For many Blessemers, an economic improvement was the intensification of lignite mining in the Rhenish lignite district, which began at the end of the 19th century . Since around 1880, many residents worked in the lignite mines and briquette factories, for example at Carl Brendgen . Many also found a job at the Reichsbahn and the Westdeutsche Maschinengesellschaft in Liblar, the West German Railway Company's main workshop for locomotives and wagons. Most of the workers also ran a small farm for their own use.

Expansion of the bed

The damage caused by the regularly occurring floods of the Erft, which could not be adequately prevented after several straightening of the river in the 19th century, are no longer to be feared after the deepening and widening of the Erft bed in the 1960s.

Church conditions
St. Michael

For centuries, the Heddinghoven chapel , a branch of the Lechenich Church, was the parish church for Blessem and Konradsheim. After the establishment of a rectorate in Frauenthal for the service of the hospital chapel, set up and financed by the Münch Foundation there in 1869, the Blessemers attended the service there. The development into a parish took place gradually. In 1908 the residents of Blessem were given the right to have their children baptized in Frauenthal, and in 1909 they had their own cemetery. In 1923 Frauenthal became its own rectorate. In 1961 a new Catholic church was built and consecrated in Blessem with the parish priest St. Michael for Blessem and Frauenthal, which received the neo-Gothic baptismal font from the Marienkapelle in Frauenthal for further use.

St. Michael

The church and the steeple standing separately on the west side were built in 1961. Its concrete walls are faced with bricks on the outside walls . The west side of the nave was given a glass facade that reached to the top of the gable and was structured by concrete ribs . The main portal was made of wood and covered with a cladding embossed in copper . The work was created in 1967 based on designs by the Köttingen sculptor Jakob Riffeler . The representations give an overview of the church history of the place based on the selected motifs.

The 21-meter-high tower with five staggered sound openings on all sides was completed in December of that year after the church consecration on September 29, 1961 . The six bells rang for the first time at Christmas 1961.

School conditions

Since 1843 the place had its own school. The first larger school building from 1878 with an extension from 1905 was replaced by a new building in 1966, which only served as a school for a few years. After the school reform of 1968, the students belonged to the Lechenich school district and since 1974 to the Liblar school district. The primary school students have been driven to the primary school in Bliesheim by school buses since 1978.

Today's townscape

The population growth to 1905 (as of August 31, 2016), who are currently represented by the mayor Helmut Zimmermann, began mainly in the 1960s. New residential areas were created to complement the old town center. With the influx of new citizens, the denominational composition of the residents also changed, but the coexistence and coexistence of denominations has now become a matter of course.

The occupational orientation of the residents also changed after the Second World War and especially after the lignite mining in the southern district came to an end .

The majority of the working population travels to an external workplace in Cologne and in the near or distant area every day.

In 1900 there were 32 full-time farmers, today there are only two large farms that require only a few workers due to their modern machinery. A farmer uses the stables and meadows of his farm as well as a newly built hall for equestrian sports, another riding stable was built outside the village on the K 44. Other former farmers converted their farm buildings into apartments.

The owner, a daughter of the former castle owner Armin Osterrieth, lives in the "castle", in the manor house that was built in 1898 as an extension to the outer wing of the castle and has since been restored. The gatehouse tract and the adjacent stables have been converted into a residential complex. Two riding stables with newly built stables are operated on the castle grounds.

Gravel is mined north of the village.

Facilities

Resident doctors in neighboring Erftstadt districts look after the residents of Blessem, while in-patient medical care is provided by the nearby Frauenthal Hospital. For families with small children, the site offers the establishment of a municipal daycare center "Auenland", which was housed in the former school building.

Bank branches and post office were closed. There are some commercial establishments, including a hotel restaurant, pizzeria, and bakery. The shops in nearby Liblar and Lechenich offer additional shopping opportunities for daily needs.

Events organized by the village community and local associations are a popular diversion among the population.

Attractions

Blessem owns several listed buildings. These include Blessem Castle, the residential building of a square courtyard, memorial crosses and memorial sites such as the war memorial and the grave of Russian prisoners of war who died in the First World War .

Award

Blessem took part in the national competition Our village has a future for the first time in 2014 and immediately took first place at the district level.

literature

  • Albert Esser: The village of Blessem . Euskirchen 1963.
  • Albert Esser: 40 years of the parish of St. Michael Blessem-Frauenthal . Blessem 2001.
  • Albert Esser: Blessem's elementary school during the post-war period until it was dissolved in the school reform in 1968 . Yearbook of the city of Erftstadt 2004.
  • Bernhard Schreiber: Archaeological finds and monuments of the Erftstadt area. Erftstadt 1999, ISBN 3-9805019-4-9 .
  • Karl and Hanna Stommel: Sources on the history of the city of Erftstadt Vol. I – V. Erftstadt 1990–1998.
  • Karl Stommel : The French population lists from Erftstadt 1798–1801. Erftstadt 1989.
  • Petra Tutlies, Claus Weber: Archeology in Erftstadt . Reports on excavations, observations and finds from the years 2005 to 2016. Yearbook of the city of Erftstadt 2018. Erftstadt 2017. ISSN 2567-708X

Web links

Commons : Blessem  - collection of images, videos and audio files

References and comments

  1. ↑ http://www.erftstadt.de/web/infos-zu-erftstadt/die-stadt-in-zahlen
  2. ↑ Main statute of the city of Erftstadt from March 17, 2015 (accessed April 10, 2016)
  3. ^ KSTA of August 19, 2010.
  4. ↑ Petra Tutlies, Claus Weber: Archeology in Erftstadt. Reports on excavations, observations and finds from the years 2005 to 2016. Yearbook of the City of Erftstadt 2018. Erftstadt 2017. pp. 86–90
  5. ↑ Schreiber: Archaeological finds and monuments of the Erftstadt area. Pp. 35-37 and 133
  6. ↑ Heinrich Dittmaier: The place names on the left bank of the Rhine on -dorf and -heim. Bonn 1799, p. 57.
  7. ↑ HAStK inventory of Deutz Abbey RH2, copy of the lost Codex thiodorici
  8. ↑ HAStK inventory foreign matters 170b, published in: K. and H. Stommel: Sources for the history of the city of Erftstadt. Volume I No. 178.
  9. ↑ HASTK inventory Domstift document 3/1978, published in: Stommel: sources. Volume III No. 1559.
  10. ↑ HASTK . Domstift inventory record 452 Bl 1-45, and HSTAD inventory Electorate of Cologne II in 1117, published in Stommel: sources. Volume IV No. 2566 and No. 2570.
  11. ↑ HSTAD inventory Electorate of Cologne II in 1904 and 1117, published in: Stommel: sources. Volume IV 2063 and No. 2570.
  12. ↑ a b Archive Schloss Gracht files no. 51–53.
  13. ↑ HSTAD inventory Electorate of Cologne IV 676 and 682
  14. ↑ Archive Schloss Gracht files 47–49
  15. ↑ Walram / Sarburg: The heroic defense of the castle and town of Lechenich 1642 . Cologne 1643.
  16. ↑ HSTAD . Stock Electorate of Cologne Certificate No. 251, published in Stommel: sources. Volume I. No. 230.
  17. ↑ HSTAD inventory Marienforst files 15f, published in Stommel Quellen Volume IV No. 2064.
  18. ↑ Archive Schloss Gracht File No. 554
  19. ^ Henriette Meynen: moated castles, palaces and country houses in the Erftkreis. Cologne 1992, p. 144.
  20. ↑ Joseph Hansen: Sources for the history of the Rhineland in the age of the French Revolution 1780-1801. Bonn 1938. Volume IV No. 76 and No. 100.
  21. ^ K. Stommel: The French population lists from Erftstadt 1798–1801. Pp. 28-36.
  22. ↑ W. Schieder (ed.): Secularization and mediatization in the four Rhenish departments, Canton Lechenich. P. 462.
  23. ↑ Albert Esser: The village of Blessem. P. 34.
  24. ↑ Albert Esser: The village of Blessem. P. 39.
  25. ^ Albert Esser: 40 years of the parish of St. Michael Blessem-Frauenthal. Blessem 2001, pp. 3-6.
  26. ^ Albert Esser: 40 years of the parish of St. Michael Blessem-Frauenthal. Pp. 14-16.
  27. ^ Albert Esser: Blessems school life in the empire. Yearbook of the city of Erftstadt 2003, pp. 74–84.
  28. ↑ Albert Esser: Blessems elementary school during the post-war period up to the resolution in the school reform 1968 . Yearbook of the City of Erftstadt 2004, pp. 129–138.
  29. ↑ Horst Komuth: Convinced with charm and facts. In: Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger. Rhein-Erft of June 25, 2014, p. 40.