Emscherbruch
Emscherbruch | |
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![]() Sculpture of two Emscherbruch wild horses in front of the entrance to Heitkamp BauHolding |
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Important data | |
Origin: | Germany |
Main breeding area: | Emscherbruch |
Distribution: | in the Dülmener horse transferred |
Stick measure : | up to 135 cm |
Colors : | |
Main application area: | Draft horse and riding horse, agriculture, pit horse |
The Emscherbrücher or Emscherbrücher Dickkopp was a wild domestic horse breed . Their occurrence was first mentioned in a document in 1369. It was widespread in the rift along the Emscher between Waltrop and Bottrop until the early 19th century . The last Emscherbrücher were captured in the 1840s and sold to Duke Alfred von Croÿ in Dülmen . They thus formed the basis for breeding the Dülmen horse .
Exterior
The Emscherbrücher reached a height of up to 135 cm with a maximum body weight of 300 kg. As representatives of the domestic horses, they had short ears, horny warts on all four legs and a hairy tail hanging from the root of the back.
history
Since the Middle Ages, the noble families along the Emscher have had the privilege of using the horse resources in the Emscherbruch . Aristocratic houses entitled to catch this occasionally showed this with a prame in their coat of arms. The prame was a special pair of pincers that was clamped to the horses' nostrils to tame them. One or more prams in their coat of arms led the families op dem Berge in Essen- Bergeborbeck , von Dyck in Essen- Schonnebeck , von Carnap in Essen- Karnap , von der Horst and von der Leythe in Gelsenkirchen-Buer, von Schalke in along the Emscherbruch Gelsenkirchen-Schalke , from Sevinghausen in Wattenscheid and from Dorneburg , called Aschebrock in Eickel.
The oldest written evidence of horse keeping in the Emscherbruch comes from the year 1369. When resigning from his office, Adam von Dalhusen, Landkomtur of the Deutschordensballei Westfalen , listed the assets of all those coming. For the coming Welheim in today's Bottrop an der Emscher, 11 wild horses kept in break were named.
The robustness of the animals was known and valued, but changed on the one hand as a result of mixing with runaway animals, e.g. B. during the Thirty Years' War , as well as through targeted breeding and crossbreeding. From the Vest Recklinghausen , Napoleon had the vestic sovereign provide a mounted contingent with the Emscherbruch Dickköppen, who are said to have proven themselves on the battlefields in north and east Germany. The use of the Emscherbruch Dickköppe as pit horses in underground mining is also part of the regional history, but increasingly other small horse breeds were used there and the importance of the Emscherbruch Dickköppe declined.
Between today's Castrop-Rauxel district of Ickern and today's Dortmund district of Mengede , Ludwig Freiherr von Vincke captured and “refined the Emscherbrucher” from 1810, which enabled him to pull very good, persistent horses. The wild horses, or the animals bred from wild horses, were also the cause of the creation of the famous horse markets in Bodelschwingh and Crange.
In Crange on the middle Emscher, a market was held once a year from 1441 on Laurentius Day in August, at which the captured Emscherbruch Dickköppe were also for sale. At the beginning of the 19th century, they were rounded up the day before the market and caught with lassos. The Cranger Kirmes emerged from the historic market, and a horse market is held on the first day of the event until the present day.
When a coat of arms was designed for the newly formed town of Wanne-Eickel in 1926 , the memory of the wild horses of the Emscherland was still alive. A black horse in a golden shield, which symbolizes an Emscherbruch, became a coat of arms and has remained in the form of the coat of arms transferred to the city of Herne in 1975 .
The keeping of horses in the wild was a common breed form in Westphalia . It is still practiced today with the Dülmen wild horse , in the East Westphalian Senne there has been another Wildbahn Senner horse project since 1999 . Due to the herd of the last Emscherbrücher Dickköppe sold to Dülmen in 1841 and further breeding with the herd of the Dülmen found there, the Emscherbrücher are in principle considered to be extinct. The original studbook of the Dülmener is kept by the Westphalian Horse Studbook e. V. led.
Picture gallery
In 1926 the Emscherbrücher coat of arms was created for Wanne-Eickel
The Emscherbruch was adopted as a figure in the Herner city arms in 1975
Horseprame in the upper corner of the Schonnebeck coat of arms
literature
- Cordula Marx, Agnes Sternschulte (ed.): "... so free, so strong ..." Westphalian wild horses (= writings of the Westphalian Open Air Museum Detmold - State Museum for Folklore. Vol. 21). Klartext, Essen 2002, ISBN 3-89861-082-9 .
- Annette Krus-Bonazza: "At Cranger Kirmes". From the horse market to the Oktoberfest des Westens (= contributions to folk culture in north-west Germany. H. 80). Coppenrath, Münster 1992, ISBN 3-88547-186-1 . ( Full text as PDF )
- Aloys Uhlendahl: De leste Iämscherbräuker. In: The Emscherbrücher. Wanne-Eickeler booklets. No. 1, 1968, ( ISSN 1610-3904 ), pp. 2–3 (Low German)
- Dietrich Rodenbeck: The Emscherbrücher. In: The Emscherbrücher. Wanne-Eickeler booklets. No. 1, 1968, pp. 4-9.
- Friedrich Karl Devens : The German horse in history, in custom, song and legend , EF Steinacker, Leipzig 1898.
Web links
- Map of the Wilderness Emscherbruch 1805 with a photo of two specimens from Emscherbruch, LWL
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Annette Krus-Bonazza: "At Cranger Kirmes". From the horse market to the Oktoberfest des Westens , see literature
- ^ Max von Spiessen : Book of arms of the Westphalian nobility , with drawings by Ad. M. Hildebrandt, Starke, Görlitz 1903.
- ↑ Wolfgang Viehweger : Walk in the oak forest ...: mansions in the Emscherland , Ges. Für Heimatkunde Wanne-Eickel, Herne 2001.
- ^ Burghardt / Siepmann: Recklinghausen - Small town history , Bauer-Druck Recklinghausen 1971, ISBN 3-921052-01-7 ]
- ↑ Helmut Höge: Underground, Above Days, Under Water (2) | This is the temporary caretaker speaking! In: blogs.taz.de , May 10, 2016, accessed October 10, 2017.
- ^ Gelsenkirchen stories: Horses in agriculture and pre-industry (1) In: gelsenkirchener-geschichten.de , accessed on October 10, 2017.
- ↑ Chronicle of the Mengede congregation with consideration of the immediate vicinity by Pastor Strenger , Mengede 1896
- ↑ Dr. Ingo Fiedler: Festschrift for the millennium of the Mengede community , published by the Heimatverein, 1928
- ↑ Friedrich Karl Devens: The German horse in history, in Sitte, Sang and Sage , see literature