Deutschordensballlei Westphalia

The Westphalia ballot of the Teutonic Order was the regional organization of the order in Westphalia and extended with its comers and parishes over the dioceses of Cologne , Münster and Osnabrück , on whose secular territories they were also located.

Coming of the Westphalia Ballei at the end of the 18th century

Origin and development in the Middle Ages

A cause for the establishment of a Ballei Westfalen, d. H. Something like an order province was the union of the Order of the Swords of the Sword, especially worn by Westphalian knights, with the Teutonic Order one year after the defeat by the Lithuanians and Zemgallians in the Battle of Schaulen in 1236. The expansion of the recruitment base seemed even more necessary after the defeat of the German Order in the battle on Lake Peipus in 1242. The order had its first beginnings in 1238 when it owned a farm in the Albachten parish near Münster . The brothers moved from this farm to the city of Münster itself and founded a Kommende there around 1248. This had a national significance because its in the Coming of the start of Bremen was assumed as Bremen indeed the Diocese of Münster belonged. In the following decades the order in Westphalia only rose gradually and it always remained one of the poorest areas of the order. In 1254 the Kommende Welheim existed near Recklinghausen , to which the parish church in Duisburg was also subordinate. The Kommende was built in Mülheim an der Möhne since 1266 . Since 1285 there was a Westphalian land commander as head of the Ballei. After his seat was temporarily in Bremen, he has officiated since then in Münster. The order was sponsored not least by the Archbishops of Cologne, who were also dukes of Westphalia. Engelbert I. , Konrad I. and Engelbert II. Particularly stood out.

The political role of the order in Westphalia remained limited due to its relative poverty. The weakness of the Westphalian Ballei can be seen in the fact that in 1361 there were only 34 friars living in the coming and only in Münster there was a regular convent . It was particularly important because of the support of the general order through the transfer of surpluses and for the recruitment and training of young knights for the wars in Prussia and the Baltic States . In the late Middle Ages the order played a certain role in Westphalia as a supply institute for the descendants of the landed gentry who were not entitled to inheritance.

Structure of the Teutonic Order

Reformation and early modern times

Since the second half of the 15th century the economic situation of the order improved again, which was also reflected in the number of new buildings in the coming years.

The secularization of the religious state by Grand Master Albrecht von Brandenburg meant a deep crisis . As a result, the Westphalian Ballei largely lost its function as a recruiting and replenishment base for the Prussian monastic state. In addition, the territorial rulers intervened in the previous rights of the coming themselves.

The problems were exacerbated by the consequences of the Reformation . Although it was clearly domiciled in Catholic areas, in the 16th and 17th centuries it still fluctuated between Catholic and Protestant religious affiliation, until the Grand Master prevailed by statuting the confessional regulations by forbidding the admission of Protestants and the Roman- made catholic confession a prerequisite.

A consequence of the catholization was also the loss of possessions in now Protestant areas. The end of the biggest and richest comedian in Ottmarsheim ( Twente ) meant a heavy blow for the Ballei Westfalen . The order received compensation for this, but the Waldenburg estate had a significantly lower value and was already lost again in 1691. In the course of the Reformation, the order also lost the rights to some parish churches, for example in Brackel or Duisburg. Nevertheless, the Teutonic Order managed to stay in Westphalia. Contributed to this was the Catholic lower nobility, who saw membership of a religious order as a means of supplying later sons even more than in the past. However, the individual comers had to suffer from the religiously motivated and the Truchsessian war . The Thirty Years War was particularly stressful with its looting, destruction and contributions. A general visit in 1668 showed that the branches were almost on the verge of collapse.

In the last decades of the 17th century the situation of the order in Westphalia began to stabilize again, especially since the order's leadership took care of better economic management and administration. The Ballei tried to counter the increasing criticism that the order was just a senseless "hospital of the nobility" by building representative buildings, for example at the new seat of the Landkomtur in Mülheim an der Möhne. While the main building was built in the baroque style, the Gothic architecture of the parish church is an expression of a restorative return to its own medieval past. The other remaining comedians were also rebuilt and rebuilt well into the early 18th century. In the middle of the century, the settlements were hard hit by the effects of the Seven Years' War , and the territorial rulers increasingly tried to curtail the special rights of the order. The end came when Napoléon Bonaparte dissolved the Teutonic Order in his direct and indirect sphere of control in 1809.

Coming of the Deutschordensballei Westphalia

literature

Kunibert Bering: The orders of knights in Westphalia. In: Géza Jászai (Ed.): Monastic Westphalia. Monasteries and monasteries 800–1800. Münster 1982, pp. 89-110.
Hans-Jürgen Dorn: The Deutschordensballei Westphalia from the Reformation to its dissolution in 1809 (= sources and studies on the history of the German East, vol. 26). Marburg 1978.

Knight (DOR) and priest (DOP) of the Westphalia Ballei

A.

Asbeck, Johann von

B.

Baer, Hermann Otto (DOR)
Berge, Gisbert up dem (DOR)
Berge, Johann up dem (DOR)
Bessen, Philipp (DOP)
Bever, Bernhard de (DOR)
Billerbeck, Matthias (DOR)
Bodelschwingh, Adolf von (DOR)
Bodelschwing, Heinrich von (DOR)
Böselager, Henrich (DOR)
Boesen, Albert (DOP)
Broel, Dietrich von dem - called Plaeter (DOR)
Brunstering, Heinrich (DOP)
Buschkühl, Johann Melchior (DOP)

C.

Capellen, Gisbert von der (DOR)
Cochois, Franz Josef (DOP)
Cramer,? (DOP)
Cronenberg, Eberhard (DOP)

D.

Dellwig, Christoph von (DOR)
Dellwig, Eberhard von (DOR)
Dellwig, Eberhard von (DOR)
Dellwig, Rosier Gottfried von (DOR)
Diecke, Ludecke from (DOP)
Diepenbroick, Johann von (DOR)
Dobbe, Ferdinand Röttger from (DOR)
Dorsten, Arnold (DOP)
Duseberck, Hermann (DOP)
Dungelen, Heinrich von (DOR)

E.

Epp, Hans Heinrich von (DOR)

F.

Frenking, Henrich (DOP)
Fürstenberg, Franz Wilhelm von (DOR)

G

Gaugreben, Ferdinand Caspar von (DOR)
Graugreben, Georg Franz Theodor von (DOR)
Geldern, Gottgab Matthias Alexander von (DOR)
Graes, Heinrich (DOR)

H

Hanxleden , Georg von (DOR)
Hanxleden, Johann von (DOR)
House, Hermann von (DOR)
Haxthausen, Ferdinand Wilhelm Otto von (DOR)
Haxthausen, Raban Heinrich von (DOR)
Heiden, Adam von (DOR)
Heiden, Dietrich von (DOR)
Heiden, Dietrich von (DOR)
Heiden, Johann von (DOR)
Heiden, Johann von (DOR)
Heiden, Johann Dietrich von (DOR)
Hesselmann, Johann (DOP)
Hoffmann, Johannes (DOP)
Höter, Henrich (DOP)
Holdinghausen, Ferdinand Johann von (DOR)
Holtey, Johann Dietrich (DOP)
Hörde, Hermann Wennemar from (DOR)
Huchtenbroich,? from (DOR)

I.

Itterusm, Henrich von (DOR)

K

Katerloe, Johann (DOP)
Kaunitz-Rietberg, Franz Wenzel von (DOR)
Ketteler, Johann Heidenreich from (DOR)
Kirschbaum, Johann Dietrich (DOP)
Kley, Lubbert on (DOP)
Kohus, Gerhard (DOP)
Korff, Ferdinand Mauritz from (DOR)
Kreilmann, Ferdinand (DOP)

L.

Leers, Josef (DOP)
Lichtenstein, Augustin Oswald von (DOR)
Lippe, Friedrich von (DOR)
Loe, Johann Wilhelm von (DOR)
Loe, Melchior from (DOR)

M.

Malinckrodt, Gerd von (DOR)
Mengersen, Ferdinand Moritz von (DOR)
Mengersen, Moritz Wilhelm von (DOR)
Menke, Benedikt Aloysius (DOP)
Meschede, Gerd von (DOR)
Müllers, Hermann Stephan (DOP)
Mycke, Johann (DOP)

N

Nagel, Franz Dietrich von (DOR)
Nagel, Georg Levin from (DOR)
Nesselrodt, Johann Heidenreich from (DOR)

O

Oistermann, Bernd (DOP)
Overlacker, Hermann (DOR)
Overlacker, Rab Dietrich (DOR)
Overlacker, Rudger (DOR)
Overlacker, Wilhelm (DOR)

P

Plettenberg , Johann Hunold von (DOR)
Plettenberg, Wilhelm von (DOR)
Potthoff, Aegidius (DOP)

R.

Recke, Neveling von der (DOR), Land Komtur
Recke, Wilhelm von der (DOR)
Risse, Gottfried (DOP)
Roll, Franz Xaver von (DOR)
Rupe, Bernd (DOP)

S.

Schade, Johann Dietrich von (DOR)
Schade, Franz Wilhelm von (DOR)
Schedelich, Bernhard von (DOR)
Signs, Ernst (DOR)
Sign, Rab Luther (DOR)
Schlamersdorffl, Kar von (DOR)
Schneider, Johann (DOP)
Senden, Johann von (DOR)
Siberg, Hans Reichard from (DOR)
Spiegel, Christoph Eckbert from (DOR)
Spiegel, Friedrich Ernst von (DOR)
Stael, Jost (DOR)
Staell, Wilhelm (DOP)

T

Thann, Eberhard Dietrich from the (DOR)

U

Clockworker, Caspar (DOP)

V

Vittinghoff, Franz Johann von (DOR)
Vorden, Stephan van (DOP)
Voss, Friedrich von (DOR)
Voss, Johann (DOR)

W.

Weichs, Ignatius von (DOR)
Wenge, Ferdinand von (DOR)
Westerholt, Hermann von (DOR)
Westrem, Franz Gaudenz Xerxes from (DOR)
Westrem, Franz Wilhelm Bernd von (DOR)
Westrem, Johann Winold von (DOR)
Westrem, Rab Henrich von (DOR)
Wolff, Friedrich Theodor (DOP)
Wrede, Ferdinand Alexander von (DOR)
Wydenbruck, Johann Philipp Wilhelm von (DOR)