George Coming Minster
The Georgskommende of the Teutonic Order in Münster originated in the 13th century. Since the 14th century at the latest, it was the seat of the Landkomturs for the Westphalia Ballei . Since the 16th century she had to share this with the Kommende Mülheim and in 1618 the two institutions finally merged. The formally continuing Kommende Münster was abolished in 1809.
history
The Teutonic Order already had tithe income in Münster in 1238. Bishop Ludolf von Holte gave the order 1247 pieces of land to build a church. The church was dedicated to St. George . Thereafter, the entire facility was also referred to as the St. George's Commander. The first known mention of a commander comes from the following year. Since 1324 it was the seat of the Landkomtur for the Westphalia Ballei. In the 13th century and again in the second half of the 15th century, the Kommende became the richest of its kind in Westphalia.
In the Middle Ages, the Coming had the status of immunity . The order's buildings were located in an enclosed area within the city walls. In addition to the church, this included the actual house of the commander, an administration building and two mills.
The first church was followed by the construction of a two-aisled, four-bay new brick church in 1444 at the height of the prosperity of the Coming ones. This had cross vaults and a choir with a polygonal finish. After all, the building was almost 37 m long and 12.64 m wide. The Kommendenhaus was rebuilt under Commander Rab Dietrich Overlacker in 1605.
Since the 16th century there has been impoverishment for various reasons. The turmoil of war and the unrest in connection with the Anabaptists contributed to this . As early as 1473, the Kommende was united with that in Mülheim an der Möhne. From 1544 Mülheim was the seat of the Landkomtur next to Münster. The merger with Mülheim was finally established in 1618.
The economic situation deteriorated further during the Thirty Years' War . In many cases, peasants and tenants of the coming left their farms because they could no longer bear the contributions of the various warring parties. With this the coming income was lost. In addition, since the late 16th century, the bishops of Munster and the citizens of the city questioned the immunity of those coming. The facility was thus confronted with high tax demands. Under the provincial commander Augustin Oswald von Lichtenstein , the situation improved at times. By the bombardment of the city of Muenster by Bishop Christoph Bernhard von Galen 1658 the Coming suffered severe damage. The same applies to the disputes of 1661/62. The debts were so high that they could not be paid off until the coming one was dissolved. Komtur Wilhelm von Plettenberg had the badly damaged future building rebuilt in 1698/99.
Since the 17th century, the Kommende in Münster, despite the formal continued existence, has mostly been under the administration of the bourgeoisie. Some economic recovery took place in the 18th century until the Seven Years War . There was also a calvary to the south of the church from the 18th century . In 1809 the coming was canceled. After the abolition, the commander was used as a provisions office. The remains were completely destroyed in 1943 and 1945, respectively. By 1953 all remaining ruins were demolished.
Commander
- Lubert Bischopinck (around 1435)
- Heinrich von Bodelschwing (1494–1533)
- Heinrich Brunstering (1528–1559)
- Neveling von der Recke (1562–1591)
- Georg von Hanxleden (1593–1605)
literature
- Heiko KL Schulze: Monasteries and monasteries in Westphalia - a documentation. History, building history and description . In: Géza Jászai (Ed.): Monastic Westphalia. Monasteries and monasteries 800–1800. Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte, Münster 1982, ISBN 3-88789-054-X , p. 397 (exhibition catalog, Münster, Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte, September 26, 1982 - November 21, 1982).
- Kunibert Bering: The orders of knights in Westphalia . In: Géza Jászai (Ed.): Monastic Westphalia. Monasteries and monasteries 800–1800. Westphalian State Museum for Art and Cultural History, Münster 1982, ISBN 3-88789-054-X , p. 104f. (Exhibition catalog, Münster, Westphalian State Museum for Art and Cultural History, September 26, 1982 - November 21, 1982).
Coordinates: 51 ° 57 ′ 34.2 " N , 7 ° 37 ′ 11.6" E