Waldenburg (Attendorn)

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Waldenburg
Waldenburg Castle-3.jpg
Creation time : around 1000
Castle type : Hilltop castle
Conservation status: ruin
Construction: Quarry stone
Place: Attendorn
Geographical location 51 ° 6 '11 "  N , 7 ° 53' 44.5"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 6 '11 "  N , 7 ° 53' 44.5"  E
Height: 370  m above sea level NN
Waldenburg (North Rhine-Westphalia)
Waldenburg

The Waldenburg is the ruin of a hilltop castle near the town of Attendorn in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany . It is the oldest known building in the Olpe district and is considered to be the nucleus of communal self-government in the region. The Commander Waldenburg of the Teutonic Order, which only existed for a short time, was built there in the 17th century . The castle ruins are now in the Waldenburg nature reserve .

location

Aerial photograph (2014)
View into the Biggetal

The castle ruin lies on a mountain spur that slopes steeply on three sides at 370 meters directly on the Biggetalsperre in the Sauerland . To the east of the castle complex runs the rising side valley, which bends in the area of ​​the castle from the north-east in a south-westerly direction and later in a southerly direction. Coming from the west runs on the north-west side, then running in a loop to the north-east, then in a north-west direction around the Dünekenberg, the surrounding valley of the Bigge .

Description of the castle

Reconstruction of the Waldenburg based on local voices from the Olpe district , 59/89 ff.

The access to the castle used to be from the Bremgetal via Bürberg or through a ravine that led up from the Biggetal (265 meters) and through the side valley from the southwest into the castle. The actual castle was presumably reached via drawbridges via three deep section trenches at a distance of 100 m each, which blocked off the ridge in the transverse direction. According to the old descriptions and documents, farm and / or residential buildings must have stood between these ditches. From the castle one could see the upper Biggetal and Listertal as well as the Worbscheid, Erbscheid, the ridge of the Ebbegebirge and especially the Heidenstraße coming from Meinerzhagen and leading over Elspe in the direction of Wormbach in parts. Looking directly into the then mauerumwehrte Attendorn is the Dünnekenberg blocked. There is also no line of sight to Schnellenberg Castle, 3 km away , because of the Rappelsberg mountain in between. This may have played a role in the construction of the city and the castle for strategic reasons. At the foot of the castle was the later built Waldenburg chapel and the forester's house Waldenburg.

In the immediate vicinity of the Waldenburg, the border of the Bilstein rule, secured by a double ditch and rampart, passed. According to a protocol of June 13, 1778, “the judges, Scheffen and supervisors met on the Höhenweg at the committee, the train above Bürberg over the Windhagen up to the Dahl to the Waldenburger Waldung, where the committee used brandy as refreshment was passed, continued and so on long ago up the Waldenburg mountains to the so-called cellar, from there through the Rappelsberg not far from the gallows, so that this gallows remained about 40 paces to the left, where a Marquet-tender from Attendorn, Franz Zeppenfeld, woke up , and such a landmark was bought from him, further down the Legelmicke, where 3 trees themselves were padded, soon along the Thiergarten above the Baumhoff to the Leimer Seiffen, this Seiffen down to the Bigge river, on this Bigge river after long the Dähmer fields and The house of Ahausen has long been up to the Ahauser Bridge, where the Bilsteinische flag is waved in the middle of the bridge and vo n the committee the gun was fired. As the train was muffled by the heat of the day and the ascent of the mountains, they marched from the Ahauser Bridge to Kirchhelden, where they spent the night, and because tomorrow, Sunday, to attend mass, they had a rest day ” .

The castle itself consisted of a residential building next to the large tower, which lay northwest on the side of the Biggetal. On the opposite side were the stables and barns and between the aforementioned buildings, forming the north-eastern end, the bakery and brewery. Between the tower and the stable there was the gatehouse , which enclosed the inner courtyard with the other buildings.

During an inventory in 1638 the following rooms were listed.

  • Large room with an adjoining room and kitchen with a small room for the kitchen maid.
  • Next to the residential building was the bakery and brewery
  • Across from the castle courtyard was the stable with 13 cows, 4 cattle, 1 ox, 4 pigs and 25 goats.
  • Next to it was the stable for 3 horses, which formed the transition to the barn.
  • In the barn, wagons and carts and farm implements were kept.
  • Next to the large tower was the gatehouse, in which the office and two other chambers were.
  • The clockwork chamber, in which the castle and court clock was installed, was located on the upper floor of the residential building.
  • Next to it was a bedroom and further the large hall, which presumably took up the entire width of the house.
  • In front of the hall was the staircase that led to the attic.
  • Here was the servant's chamber, the remaining free space was used as a so-called small grain floor.
  • In the top floor (loft) the grain was stored, hare and deer skins were hung up to dry and the loom was put down in summer.
  • In a little gable chamber in front of the grain floor there was a place for a bed, which belonged to the steward.
  • The 3-ohm barrel with beer and a feed box with the accompanying bushels were in the cellar.

history

Waldenburg under the Ezzone and the Counts of Zütphen (until 1120)

Waldenburg ruins, view to the south-west

The Waldenburg must have been built in the 10th century at the latest. The county of the same name was presumably given by Emperor Otto II to his son-in-law Count Ezzo of Lorraine , who married his daughter Mathilde , as the property of the Ezzone . The rule later passed to the first-born son Ludolf , who was also Vogt of Brauweiler Abbey , who also became Count of Zütphen through his marriage .

From Liudolf's marriage to Mathilde von Zütphen, the following children were born: Heinrich († after October 31, 1031), Konrad (Kuno) and Adelheid. Since Konrad died in 1053, his sister Adelheid became her brother's heir and thus the owner of the Waldenburg. She married Gottschalk von Zutphen , († 1063), Graf im Agradingau , Emsgau , Hettergau , von Twente in Westphalia , and from 1046 Graf in northern Hamaland with the capital Zutphen . This marriage had three sons, of whom Otto II von Zutphen (* 1050), the rich, was awarded the inheritance of his mother and thus also the Waldenburg as the second born. Otto's first son, Count Heinrich I von Zütphen , Vogt von Corvey (* 1080), was involved in the uprising against Emperor Heinrich V in 1114 . He died around 1120; with him the male line of the Counts of Zütphen ended. The inheritance fell to his sister Emmengard: Waldenburg Castle with the county came to her sister Judith von Zütphen as a maternal inheritance from the grandmother.

Waldenburg under the Counts of Ravensberg (1120–1234) and von Sayn (1235–1248)

Judith von Zütphen married Hermann I von Ravensberg and Calvelage . From this connection, Otto I. von Ravensberg († 1170) emerged, who was the first to call himself Count von Ravensberg . He was often at the court of Duke Henry the Lion . Otto I married Oda von Zütphen, daughter of Count Otto II , who was heir to the Bailiwick of Corvey.

The son of Otto I and Oda von Zütphen was Hermann II , Count of Ravensberg. This Hermann was named in 1176 in a document in which Abbot Uffo von Grafschaft grants the inhabitants of Attendorn the right to choose their pastor of their own. The document was attested by Count Hermann von Ravensberg and six ministerials who lived in the vicinity of Attendorn, Ewich , Hespecke , Ennest etc. and served as Burgmann on the Waldenburg. This went over to the opponents of Henry the Lion and came especially against Lippe. Against Tecklenburg he suffered a heavy defeat and thereby lost many episcopal fiefs and rights.

After the division of the estate in 1226, his son Ludwig († 1249) became Count of Ravensberg-Bielefeld, whose brother Otto II received Vlotho. The Ravensbergers were still in possession of the main Drolshagen farm in 1231 and thus the Waldenburg, which emerges from an atonement with the Counts of Tecklenburg. As early as 1235, however, Count Heinrich von Sayn was named as the one who converted the Drolshagen monastery into a Cistercian monastery .

After the death of Count Heinrich von Sayn in 1247, the rule of Waldenburg fell to his widow, Countess Mechtild, as an estate once acquired by the counts. This sold the rule and the "castrum" Waldenburg with the associated goods Drolshagen (with the exception of the monastery founded there by her and her deceased husband), Meinerzhagen (with the exception of what the Abbot and Convent of Deutz has on the Walde Grisim) and the Ebbegebirge forest (with reservation of the rights of others in the same) on January 13, 1248 to the Archbishop Konrad von Hochstaden .

Waldenburg under the Archbishops of Cologne (1248–1305)

Waldenburg Chapel

The archbishop appointed officials who administered the area with the parishes of Attendorn, Olpe , Wenden , Drolshagen, Elspe , Lenhausen , Valbert and Bilstein from Waldenburg, the first form of local self-government in the region. The following are proven officials:

  • 1258 Johannes de Hurte (from Hörde)
  • 1259 Arnold von Elberfeld
  • 1289 Konrad von Elberfeld, son of Arnold Amtmann on Waldenburg
  • 1300 Johann I of Plettenberg

In the Battle of Worringen in 1288, the Counts of Jülich, Berg and Mark faced Archbishop Siegfried von Westerburg under the leadership of Duke Johann I of Brabant and were able to break the supremacy in Cologne. The effects for Westphalia were decisive, the old adversaries had now gained dominance, also over the Waldenburg. In an atonement treaty of 1289, the archbishop waived all claims, especially compensation for losses suffered. In addition, he had to give Waldenburg as a pledge to Count Adolf von Berg , who pledged the castle to Eberhard von der Mark . Due to this situation, the Archbishop had the Schnellenberg Castle repaired by his Land Marshal Johann von Plettenberg in order to be able to undertake failures in the Mark from there if necessary. Thereupon the Brandenburg Drost Rutger von Altena strengthened the Waldenburg, the count allied himself with the lords of Bilstein . The area of ​​the city of Attendorn was then covered with numerous feuds between the Archbishop and the Count of the Mark. Archbishop Siegfried promised the citizens of Attendorn on February 23, 1295 that they would never be harmed by his marshal in Westphalia and the other officials because they had helped him with the construction of Schnellenberg Castle.

In the inventory of the Marshal's Office in Westphalia, Wedekinus Pepersack appears with 6 Soester Mark income as a fief and Rembold, his brother, also with 6 Mark income in the income of the Waldenburg Office from 1293-1300 .

Knight Herbord von Helden sold the court in Attendorn to the knight Johannes von Plettenberg and his heirs on September 8, 1296 with the consent of all of his heirs. The Archbishop of Cologne waived the court and asked that the knight Johann von Plettenberg be enfeoffed with the court. The knight probably enjoyed the special trust of the sovereign.

In the year 1300 the castle was redeemed by Archbishop Wigbold and he appointed Marshal Johann von Plettenberg to be the Drosten of the extensive office of Waldenburg . Five years later the archbishop appointed the son Johann von Plettenberg, Heidenreich von Plettenberg, to the burgrave of Waldenburg. In 1339 he left the Schnellenberg Castle and the jurisdiction of Attendorn, which his father had bought, to Archbishop Heinrich II of Virneburg in return.

Waldenburg under the Lords of Plettenberg (1305–1495)

No less than 16 noble castle men served on the Waldenburg in 1307, because for 200 years it was the main base for the expansion of Cologne's sovereignty in the Bigge area until the rule Bilstein-Fredeburg was incorporated into the Duchy of Westphalia. The two main castle fiefs were owned by the von Waldenberg and von Drolshagen families around 1307, but the Waldenbergs' fiefs went to the Lords of Plettenberg , and around 1400 also the von Drolshagen's. This made the Lords of Plettenberg the real masters of the castle. From the middle of the 14th century, several castle houses were owned by the von Plettenberg family, who also held the Herford office of Schönholthausen as a fief.

On March 5, 1333, Berthold, nobleman of Büren , announced that Archbishop Walram von Jülich had appointed him Marshal of Westphalia for a loan of 1,100 small guilders and had given him the offices of Waldenburg, Menden , Werl , Hovestadt , Brilon , Rüden and Medebach . Heinrich, nobleman of Grafschaft, made Archbishop Walram's share of Burg Nordenau an open house on December 22, 1338 because he had denied him his castle feud at Waldenburg . In 1343 Hermann was gnt. Coal bailiff on Waldenburg.

On September 7, 1358 Salentin von Sayn reversed Archbishop Wilhelm von Gennep's position in Waldenburg, Siegen and Ginsburg and the castles in Waldenburg, Schnellenberg, Siegen and Ginsburg and the cities of the same offices. In an inheritance agreement from 1362, the brothers Henrich and Arnold von Drolshagen stipulated that both should jointly own the Free County of Hundem. When the free county Hundem was sold in 1384 by the brothers Konrad and Heidenreich von Rüdenberg to Wilhelm Vogt von Elspe and Johann von Plettenberg, they sold half of the free county to Heidenricus von Heygen and Wilhelm von Pepersack, the previous feudal holders Hinrik von Drolshagen and de Pepersäcke were referred to the buyers.

In 1363 Henr. Aduocatus de Elsepe, from the Cologne Elector Adolf II, among other things, enfeoffed with a castle fief in Waldenburg, with two mansus in Hoffkule , with 12 acres of Ackers in Helden . A year later, Archbishop Engelbert enfeoffed Hermann de Helden with a castle fief on Waldenburg in addition to some farms, in 1371 Theodericus de Heldene. The latter renounced the castle fief and his grandson Theoderich de Snellenberg was enfeoffed with it in 1378. In 1371 Franco de Helden and his brother Hermann were obliged to give the castle loan, which brought in 5 marks a year and had to be paid from the Drolshagen office.

Count Engelbert III. achieved an important success from 1364 to 1368. He used the opportunity to bring the legacy of the noble lords of Bilstein , who had already stood on the Brandenburg side in the dispute over Waldenburg Castle, in the land of Bilstein and Fredeburg. This means that Brandenburg territory encompassed the Waldenburg office in the east and west. The Biggetal, which was in Cologne hands, separated the rule of Bilstein from the county of Mark, so that when Bilstein came into the possession of Engelbert von der Mark in 1365, it could not simply be united with the county of Mark. In addition, the Counts of the Mark had to cross Cologne territory to get to Bilstein.

After the importance as a national festival had been lost by the rule of Bilstein, the castle men, with the exception of the Lords of Plettenberg, left Waldenburg Castle. This transformed the castle into a manor of the Lords of Plettenberg. The feudal dependence on the Archbishopric of Cologne was forgotten, so that the castle and the associated goods, as far as they were not fiefdom from the Abbess of Herford, were considered free property of the lords of the castle. In 1400 Johann von Plettenberg was bailiff of Waldenburg.

In 1428 Attendorn, Olpe, Waldenburg and Schnellenberg were pledged to Heinrich von Sayn, and the Waldenburg office in 1445 and 1449. In 1442, Duke Adolf von Cleve-Mark complained to Archbishop Dietrich that Wilhelm von Plettenberg and his brother Engelbert had invaded the Land of Fredeburg, plundered there and dragged the booty and the prisoners to Waldenburg Castle. Two years later at the Soest feud, Wilhelm von Plettenberg was captured by the Soest and had to buy himself free with ransom. In 1459 and 1460 he was again involved in robberies in the Soester Börde. A year later, the citizens of Soest struck back. They stormed the outer bailey, burned the stables and the kitchen, but could not take the fixed tower, so that Wilhelm von Plettenberg escaped the gallows intended for him.

As early as 1453 Engelbert von Plettenberg had announced to Hermann Pepersack and Johann von Ödingen that they owed a self-hearing for Katharina, daughter of Peters von Werlinchusen ( Weringhausen ), who married Tilmann von Mullen (Müllen). In the same year, Bilstein Castle and Waldenburg Office were pledged to Johann von Hatzfeld as a pledge. In 1454 Bilstein, Schnellenberg and Waldenburg were pledged to Wilhelm von Nesselrode.

In 1455 Konrad Vogt von Elspe was a representative of the knighthood of the Waldenburg office in the mediation of the guild riot in Attendorn.

On January 21, 1456 Rabyn and Hedenrich, brothers van Plettenberg zu Waldenburg, were named, who gave Johann van Bonslede . Draume, Dyuist? to Attendorn, left to Heyneman Vrmmen with his wife and children.

In 1458 the offices of Bilstein and Waldenburg were pledged to the von Hatzfeld brothers, who were redeemed by Wilhelm von Nesselrode zum Stein's brothers.

The knights and cities of the Waldenburg office concluded a protective alliance (Waldenburger Bündnis) on September 30, 1462, with the purpose of staying together with the Archbishopric of Cologne and helping one another. Cord Vogt von Elspe and his son were also among the representatives. The alliance of knights and cities of the Waldenburg office was renewed on May 3, 1480. These included the cities of Olpe, Attendorn and parishes, the freedom and later the city of Drolshagen. The Cologne shares in the parish of Valbert and the parishes of Wenden , Lenhausen , Babenohl , Ahausen , Schnellenberg, Ewig and associated knighthoods. 14 seals, which were contracted knights, were attached to this certificate: Henrich Hoberg bailiff zu Waldenburg, Guntermann and Alderich brothers von Plettenberg zu Babenohl, Christoff and Christian von Plettenberg zu Lenhausen, Johan and Herman brothers von Schnellenberg zu Schönholthausen, Jaspar Schüngel zu Schnellenberg, Henrich and Bernd Gebrüder the governors of Elspe. These should mutually open their houses for protection and defiance, settle their disputes among themselves through arbitrators, because they are all related to one another and since the knighthood "has its own mercy on each other", the deficiencies arising from these should also be improved by the knighthood. The Waldenburg district now formed a whole in itself. In almost the same words, the knighthood and cities of the Waldenburg office renewed the old leagues of 1462 and 1480 in 1530.

Engelbert von Plettenberg zu Waldenburg and Barbara, his wife, sold an annual pension of 2 guilders from their property in Meinkenbracht in the parish of Hellefeld in 1469 to the rector and vicar of the Altar of Our Lady in Eslohe and his successors. It seals the certificate Engelbert von Plettenberg, his brother Wilhelm von Plettenberg and his cousin Heinrich von Plettenberg. In the same year Archbishop Ruprecht pledged the offices and castles of Bilstein, Waldenburg and Schnellenberg to Ruprecht von Hatzfeld zu Wildenburg for 14,200 Upper Rhenish guilders.

Engelbert von Plettenberg in 1480 and Johann von Hatzfeld in 1482 are proven to be officials.

After the Waldenburg line of the Lords of Plettenberg died out in 1488, the Hoberg family followed in 1495; the castle had almost completely lost its military importance and was no longer even considered a fief.

Ruin of the great tower

In the time of the Lords of Plettenberg, the office and the castle were pledged for loans granted. On March 5, 1333, the office and the castle were given to Berthold, nobleman of Büren, to Johann Herr zu Reiferscheidt on May 8, 1346, to the brothers Friedrich and Gerhard von Seelbach called Zeppenfeld on November 14, 1356, September 1358 to Valentin von Sayn, Herr zu Hoyberg and Valendar, on September 4, 1359 to Knight Johann von Grafschaft, 1371 to Heinrich von Spiegel, Bishop of Paderborn, 1378 to Engelbert von der Mark, who had redeemed it, 1404 to Salentin den Alten, Herr zu Isenburg, on January 2nd, 1428 to Count Heinrich von Nassau, Provost of the Cathedral of Münster, on January 1st, 1443 to Dietrich, Count of Sayn. On August 15, 1454, Count Gerhard von Sayn released the previous pledgee of the Schnellenberg, Bilstein and Waldenburg castles, as well as Attendorn and Olpe and the subjects from the oath. On July 4, 1454 to the knight Wilhelm von Nesselrode, Herr zum Stein, on June 4, 1458 to the brothers Johann von Hatzfeld and on January 20, 1469 to the knight Johann von Hatzfeld.

Waldenburg under the Hoberg family (1495–1542)

Johann Hoberg had inherited the goods of the Herford monastery office Schönholthausen von Plettenberg and was enfeoffed with these goods in 1495.

On December 4, 1529, in the amendment of Wilhelm Vogt von Elspe zu Schnellenberg's will, Heinrich Hoberg, Herr zu Waldenburg, was named as the executor. Johann Hoberg was apparently the last resident of the Waldenburg, which quickly fell into disrepair. Only a few rubble have remained of it.

After the death of the bailiff Heinrich Hoberg zu Waldenburg in 1542, his sister Anna Hoberg, widow of the governor Franz von Hörde zu Boke near Paderborn and Klara Hoberg, wife of Drosten Goswin Ketteler zu Hovestadt, inherited the Waldenburg.

Waldenburg under the Lords of Hörde zu Boke (1542–1554)

The first son of Phillipp zu Boke was enfeoffed in 1543 for his family and that of Dietrich Ketteler zu Hovestadt with the Herford office of Schönholthausen and died on August 30, 1572.

On January 22nd, 1547 the knighthood of the Waldenburg office issues a power of attorney to their brothers, cousins ​​and brothers-in-law Johann von Schnellenberg, Eulrich and Christian von Plettenberg and Bernhard Voigt (von Elspe) to the effect that they can do so on the 24th of the same month on one day to represent in the chapter house in Cologne, to which they were invited by the cathedral chapter in Cologne on issued imperial mandates. The power of attorney was sealed on behalf of everyone by Guntermann von Plettenberg, Hermann von Schnellenberg, Wilhelm Voigt (von Elspe) and Johan von Oel.

In a document dated March 3, 1554, Anna Hoberg and Dietrich Ketteler, Droste zu Hovestatt, heirs of the late Heinrich Hoberg zu Waldenburg, were named in a letter to their cousin von Plettenberg that Schulte from the Waldenburg family liked to be with Anna, Hans Veltmanns Daughter to Ennest, would marry. They ask for a change of bride. Since the Feldmanns Gut in Ennest was owned by the Count von Plettenberg, the latter had to release the bride, who was his serf, and transfer it to the Waldenburg family.

Waldenburg under the Lords of Ketteler (1554–1576)

In 1556 Dietrich Ketteler held a feudal court at Schönholthausen with the approval of Phillipp von Hörde in the presence of Jörgen von Eslohe , judge of Ödingen as a feudal judge, the assessor Johan von Schnellenbergh, Dieterich von Plettenberg, Berendt Vogt (von Elspe), Hermann von Schnellenberg, Christian von Plettenberg, Johann von Heygen, and Johan von Oell.

Archbishop Adolf I of Cologne appoints Friedrich von Fürstenberg zu Waterlappe on March 14, 1556 as the new bailiff of Bilstein and Waldenburg. He describes the rights of the bailiff and specifies his income as well as fishing and hunting rights, tithe of all brigades in the offices of Bilstein, Waldenburg and Fredeburg, for this he has the right of the archbishopric to represent in the three offices, handicrafts and clamping services to the Bilstein house , as much is required, and the bailiff receives all income from the real estate, from which he is to pay for the buildings. His successor in office was his son Kaspar von Fürstenberg , who also built Schnellenberg Castle. Later he was given the office of Fredeburg; thus the three offices were in one hand, which they remained until the abolition of the Duchy of Westphalia in 1801.

Waldenburg ruins, view to the south-east

On October 25, 1564 Friedrich von Fürstenberg zu Waterlappe was appointed by Archbishop Friedrich of Cologne to the electoral Cologne council and to the office of Bilstein and Waldenburg, and ordered him to administer the aforementioned offices. Fürstenberg has to preserve the archbishopric rights and justice, not to tolerate any border violations by the neighbors and to represent and defend the rights of the subjects. He is obliged to obey the archbishop and the cathedral chapter until a successor is elected, he has to avert any damage from the archbishopric and to be concealed until death. So that he also derives a benefit from the administration of the offices, Fürstenberg is allowed to enjoy all the income of the offices of Bilstein and Waldenburg for the duration of his activity as a clerk, with the exception of the pork and mutton levy. For this, Fürstenberg has to pay the Archbishop 400 gold florins a year. In addition, he receives the necessary clothing for himself and the servants. From the debt of the deceased Schungel couple for 10,000 guilders, which Fürstenberg acquired, a pension of 400 guilders is also to be paid. Fürstenberg has compared this with the archbishop and agreed that Fürstenberg will receive an annual pension of 100 gold guilders as long as he is bailiff of the offices of Bilstein and Waldenburg. He also received another 50 thalers in his capacity as councilor of the Electorate of Cologne. In addition, he receives the summer court clothes, just like all the other councilors receive. The bridge master of Werl, Wilhelm Brandis, is instructed to pay out 100 gold guilders annually to Fürstenberg for the duration of his service.

In 1565, Simon Schulte, a waiter in Arnsberg, was in command of the Bilstein and Waldenburg offices.

On February 14, 1570 Fürstenberg became bailiff of Waldenburg. In the deed, Elector Salentin of Cologne handed over to Landdrosten Hennecke Schüngel the pledge made by Archbishop Adolf for the offices of Bilstein and Waldenburg for 10,000 gold guilders to the current owner, Caspar von Fürstenberg, and gave him and his heirs the above offices for further management.

Waldenburg under the Lords of Heiden (1576–1638)

Waldenburg with moat, view to the east

The von Heiden family , an old Westphalian knight dynasty, had inherited the castle in 1576. From 1579 the von Heiden zu Bruch family are the new lords of the castle. They no longer lived at the Waldenburg themselves, but had the castle and associated goods supervised by administrators. On July 1, 1611, Johannes Frenkhus zu Olpe, who succeeded the old Johannes Berve, became the new administrator of Waldenburg. This emerges from a letter from the notary Franz Reinhardt zu Werl to his Mr. Bernhard von Heiden zu Bruch. Frenkhus was born of good, honest and well-behaved people in Olpe, had educated himself at different schools and universities, had also proven himself in practice, so that he was suitable for the office of administrator in Waldenburg. So if Berve should leave, Frenkhus should be given the office.

Caspar von Fürstenberg informed Bernhard von Heiden on July 27, 1611 that the Waldenburg administrator Johannes de Berven had died. He recommends Adolf Franz von Oell zu Langenei as his successor .

After the extinction of von Heiden zu Bruch, a branch line followed in 1618, represented by Georg von Heiden zu Schönrath and his brother Johann Dietrich von Heiden, who administered the Kommende Ootmarsum as a Teutonic Knight .

Archbishop Ferdinand of Cologne presents on May 22, 1622 a receipt for received 20,000 Rtl. from which the brothers Friedrich von Fürstenberg, Droste zu Bilstein and Fredeburg, and Johann Gottfried von Fürstenberg zu Waterlappe and Schnellenberg had to pay in return for the loan (manlehen) with the offices of Bilstein and Waldenburg. The lending with the offices of Bilstein and Waldenburg as well as with the Lenneamt by the Archbishop and Elector Ferdinand of Cologne takes place on the same day.

Bernhard von Heyden died in 1628. His brother Johann Dietrich, Land Commander of the Teutonic Order and converted to the Reformed Faith, applied for his property, the Waldenburg, to be exchanged for the Ootmarsum Teutonic Order. According to an appraisal list from 1629, the former Waldenburg office comprised the districts of the later offices of Kirchhundem and Bilstein along with parts of the later district of Attendorn, as well as the Biggeamt; those were the courts of that time, later offices of Olpe, Wenden and Drolshagen with the city of Olpe. City and Gogericht Attendorn were outside the administration and jurisdiction of the Waldenburg office. On April 20, 1635, Johann Dietrich von Heyden received permission from the Teutonic Order to exchange the Waldenburg if he would simultaneously resign from his post as Commander and resign from the order. Through the exchange with the Teutonic Order, Johann Dietrich von Heyden emerged as the beneficiary, which justifies the subsequent legal dispute with the Teutonic Order.

Waldenburg under the Teutonic Knights (1638–1691)

In May 1638 the Teutonic Knight Order took possession of the Waldenburg. At the instigation of the Landkomtur der Balley Westfalen of the German Knight Order Rab Luther Schilder, an estimate and an inventory of the estate was carried out on September 29, 1638 in the presence of Christoph von Heyden, son of the late Bernhard von Heyden, by the Attendorn count Dietrich Burghoff. This describes the rooms of the castle with all the furniture. Johann Dietrich von Heyden died on August 29, 1669 in Ootmarsum.

The Teutonic Order was completely secular at that time. His comers only served to enable a small number of younger sons of the nobility to lead a carefree, idle life in which the hunt naturally took up a large part. Hunting disputes between the knights of the order and their aristocratic neighbors were therefore commonplace, including here in Waldenburg.

After the death of Johann Dietrich von Heyden, his heirs, probably at the instigation of their von Fürstenberg relatives, tried to clear the castle by means of a judicial decision. Again an inventory of the castle was made. It was noticeable that the size of the farm had increased in recent years. However, the legal battle over the castle continued over the next few years. It was not until September 1656 that the final exchange contract for the Waldenburg between the Teutonic Knights Order and Johann Dietrich von Heiden zu Bruch was concluded, with all accessories as an allod and the office of Schönholthausen as a Herford fief, plus two courtyards in the parish of Körbecke and 5000 Rtlr. in cash.

On August 14, 1662, Johann Adolf von Fürstenberg was appointed as the new Drosten zu Waldenburg by Elector Maximilian Heinrich von Cologne until Maximilian Heinrich von Fürstenberg came of age. Wilhelm von Fürstenberg, cathedral dean of Salzburg and currently a guest in Rome, congratulated Johann Adolf von Fürstenberg in 1662 on his appointment as droste of the offices of Bilstein, Waldenburg and Fredeburg. He shouldn't let the Arnsberg government look at his cards; on the other hand, he should always keep a clear conscience so that he can always see his counterpart clearly in the face.

Hermann Otto de Baer became the new Komtur in Waldenburg on October 21, 1670. He informed Herford Abbey that the previous Komtur Eberhard von Dalwig had been transferred to Welheim and that he had taken office in Waldenburg as his successor. He asked the Imperial Abbey of Herford for enfeoffment with the office of Schönholthausen belonging to Waldenburg and for the collation over the parish church of Schönholthausen. At the same time he announced that he had commissioned Heinrich von der Horst, a citizen of Attendorn, to swear the feudal oath for him in Herford.

By a court ruling on June 13, 1673, the barons of Fürstenberg, as heirs of Goda von Fürstenberg, wife of Bernhard von Heiden zu Bruch, were finally imitated into possession of the Waldenburg estates. Through all sorts of lawsuits in recent years between the families von Heiden zu Bruch and von Heiden zu Schönrath there was a violent dispute over the Waldenburg. After lengthy disputes, the Teutonic Order sold the disputed goods on December 8, 1691 for 31,800 Rtlr. to the imperial baron of Fürstenberg zu Schnellenberg, hereditary drosten of the offices of Bilstein, Waldenburg and Fredeburg. On September 26, 1690, the abbess of Herford's imperial abbey enfeoffed the Westphalian administrator Simon Johann Reesen zu Herford as authorized representative of Heinrich von Boeselager , Komtur zu Waldenburg, with the office of Schönholthausen along with accessories and the collation of the pastorate. Witnesses: Johann Henrich von Wahden and Arnold Gravius.

The following were appointed as committees:

  • 1651–1652 Henrich von Ittersum
  • 1640–1651 Gisbert von der Capellen
  • 1656–1662 Dietrich von dem Broel called Plaeter
  • 1660–1668 Eberhard von Dellwig
  • 1670 Hermann Otto de Baer
  • 1671–1673 Hermann Otto Baer († 1673)
  • 1687 Franz Wilhelm von Fürstenberg
  • 1689–1691 Heinrich von Boeselager

Waldenburg under the Lords of Fürstenberg 1691–1749

In the 18th century, probably around 1712, the Waldenburg burned down. It was partly rebuilt, but probably no longer got the dimensions from the Middle Ages. In the following decades, Johann Hardenacke lived with his wife and nine children as overseers in some of the rebuilt stables. Because of proven infidelity, he apparently fell out of favor with Baron Clemens Lothar von Fürstenberg, which is why the latter had the Waldenburg house torn down. This made Johann Hardenacke and his family the last residents of the Waldenburg.

The area is still owned by the von Fürstenbergs, and since 1990 the Olpe district has been responsible for the castle ruins as the leaseholder.

Tourist development

The most striking remnants of the castle are parts of the keep, which was comprehensively secured and restored from 1989 to 1991 by the district of Olpe and the city of Attendorn, with the financial contribution of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia. Stairs, railings, benches and information boards have been set up in the area of ​​the former castle since 2011; the view of the Biggesee had already been cut two years earlier. The ruin is illuminated in the dark.

The ruin is integrated into the network of trails of the Sauerland Mountain Association . The 16.8-kilometer-long Zwei-Burgen-Wanderweg has been connecting Waldenburg with Schnellenberg Castle since 2019; it is also located on the 46-kilometer Bigge Lister Trail.

See also

literature

  • Homeland papers. Journal of the local associations of the Olpe district .
  • Voices from the Olpe district .
  • Günther Becker, Hans Mieles (eds.): Bilstein. Country, castle and place. Contributions to the history of the Lennestadt area and the former rule of Bilstein . City of Lennestadt. Lennestadt 1975.
  • Josef Brunabend: Attendorn Schnellenberg, Waldenburg and Ewig. A contribution to the history of Westphalia . Revised by Julius Pickert on behalf of the city of Attendorn. Finished by Karl Boos. Aschendorff, Münster, 2nd edition 1958.
  • Alfred Bruns: court and parish of Oberkirchen. Contributions to the history of the city of Schmallenberg . City of Schmallenberg, Schmallenberg 1981.
  • Friedrich Albert Groeteken: The Benedictine abbey Grafschaft, the parish Grafschaft and their daughter community Gleidorf . Rheinische Verlagsanstalt and Buchdruckerei, Bad Godesberg 1957.
  • Josef Hesse: History of the parish and monastery Drolshagen . City of Drolshagen, Drolshagen 1971.
  • Albert K. Hömberg : The emergence of the Westphalian free counties as a problem of medieval German constitutional history . Regensberg, Münster 1953.
  • Albert K. Hömberg: The Veme in their temporal and spatial development . In: The Westphalia area . Volume 2, part 1: Hermann Aubin , Franz Petri (ed.): Investigations into its history and culture . Hobbing, Berlin / Aschendorff Münster 1955, pp. 141–172.
  • Albert K. Hömberg: Westphalia and the Saxon Duchy . Aschendorff, Münster 1963.
  • Albert K. Hömberg: Westphalian regional history . Mehren and Hobbeling, Münster 1967.
  • Albert K. Hömberg, Theo Hundt, Horst Ruegenbergg: home chronicles of the district of Olpe (= home chronicles of the cities and districts of the federal territory , vol. 33). Archive for German Homeland Care, Cologne 1967.
  • Albert K. Hömberg: Historical news about aristocratic residences and manors in the Duchy of Westphalia and their owners , Issue 9: Parishes Attendorn and heroes, cities Drolshagen and Olpe. From the estate published by the Historical Commission for Westphalia . Aschendorff, Münster 1975.
  • Albert K. Hömberg: Historical news about noble houses and manors in the Duchy of Westphalia and their owners , Issue 10: Parishes Elspe, Förde, Kirchhundem, Kirchveischede, Oberhundem, Rahrbach and Schönholthausen. From the estate published by the Historical Commission for Westphalia . Aschendorff, Münster 1975.
  • Herbert Nicke: Heidenstrasse. History and landscape along the historic highway from Cologne to Kassel . Galunder, Nümbrecht 2001, ISBN 3-931251-74-8 .
  • Friedrich W. Schulte: The dispute over South Westphalia in the late Middle Ages. The Counts of the Mark - The Archbishops of Cologne . Mönnig, Iserlohn 1997, ISBN 3-922885-86-1 .
  • Johann Carl Bertram Stüve : Investigations on the Gogerichte in Westphalia and Lower Saxony . Frommann, Jena 1870.
  • Josef Wiegel: County. Contributions to the history of the monastery and the village . Parish County, County 1972.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hubertus Heuel: The secrets of the Waldenburg. April 22, 2008, accessed on May 28, 2020 (German).
  2. ^ Olpe district archive, file no. 1294, pp. 1–50.
  3. ↑ Joseph Brunabend: Attendorn Schnellenberg, Waldenburg and forever. A contribution to the history of Westphalia . Aschendorff, Münster, 2nd edition 1958, p. 247.
  4. ↑ genealogy-medieval ; at Gottschalk de Zutphen he is a son of Hermann II , Count von Werl , at graafschap-middeleeuwen a son of Count Hermann II in Westphalia.
  5. ^ Albert K. Hömberg: Heimatchronik des Kreis Olpe , p. 38; Albert K. Hömberg: Basics and development of the medieval regional organization in the area of ​​today's Olpe district ; Voices from the Olpe district , 8/478.
  6. ^ Albert K. Hömberg: Heimatchronik des Kreis Olpe , p. 38.
  7. ↑ native voices from Olpe , 9/598.
  8. ↑ Johann Suibert Seibertz : Document book for the regional and legal history of the Duchy of Westphalia , Volume 1: Documents from 799 to 1300 (= Regional and legal history of the Duchy of Westphalia , Volume 2). AL Ritter, Arnsberg 1839, No. 248, p. 308.
  9. ↑ Heimatstimmen from the Olpe district , issue 182, p. 35.
  10. ^ Johann Suibert Seibertz: Documents , No. 1102; Voices from the Olpe district , 75/61.
  11. ↑ Johann Suibert Seibertz: Document book for the regional and legal history of the Duchy of Westphalia , Volume 1: Documents from 799 to 1300 (= Regional and legal history of the Duchy of Westphalia , Volume 2). AL Ritter, Arnsberg 1839, No. 484, therein in particular pp. 600-604.
  12. ↑ Heimatstimmen from the Olpe district , 75/61; Westfälisches Urkundenbuch , Vol. 7: The documents of the Cologne Westphalia from 1200 to 1300 . Regensberg, Münster 1901–1908, no. 2375.
  13. ↑ Heimatblätter. Journal of the Heimatvereine of the Olpe district , 18/8 and 75/61.
  14. ↑ native voices from Olpe , 9/598.
  15. ^ A b Albert K. Hömberg: Heimatchronik des Kreis Olpe , p. 71.
  16. ^ Albert K. Hömberg: The Herford goods in the Sauerland . In: Heimatblätter for the Sauerland region of Cologne , vol. 11 (1934), issue 1.
  17. ↑ Johann Suibert Seibertz: Document book for the regional and legal history of the Duchy of Westphalia , Volume 2: Documents from 1300 to 1400 (= Regional and legal history of the Duchy of Westphalia , Volume 3). AL Ritter, Arnsberg 1843, No. 642, pp. 249-250.
  18. ↑ Johann Suibert Seibertz: Document book for the regional and legal history of the Duchy of Westphalia , Volume 2: Documents from 1300 to 1400 (= Regional and legal history of the Duchy of Westphalia , Volume 3). AL Ritter, Arnsberg 1843, No. 664, pp. 271-273.
  19. ^ Archive of the Baron von Fürstenberg-Herdringen, document 20902; Otto Höffer: Historical diary of the city of Attendorn
  20. ^ Johann Suibert Seibertz: Documents , No. 101.
  21. ↑ a b Pickert collection, p. 10.
  22. ↑ Heimatstimmen from the Olpe district , issue 182, p. 36.
  23. ^ Willi Voss: Office Waldenburg. Parish of Schönholthausen. Courtyards in the parish of Schönholthausen . 1940, supplemented by Pastor Franz Rinschen, edited by Robert J. Sasse 2012, p. 35.
  24. ↑ Joseph Brunabend: Attendorn Schnellenberg, Waldenburg and forever. A contribution to the history of Westphalia . Aschendorff, Münster, 2nd edition 1958, p. 76.
  25. ^ Heimatstimmen from the Olpe district , volume 33, 1958, 1747.
  26. ^ Johann Suibert Seibertz: Document book on the regional and legal history of the Duchy of Westphalia , Volume 3: Documents from 1400 to 1800 . AL Ritter, Arnsberg 1854, No. 967, pp. 130-131.
  27. ^ Johann Suibert Seibertz: Document book on the regional and legal history of the Duchy of Westphalia , Volume 3: Documents from 1400 to 1800 . AL Ritter, Arnsberg 1854, No. 981, pp. 149-151.
  28. ^ Archives of Baron von Fürstenberg-Herdringen, document 23349; Otto Höffer: Historical diary of the city of Attendorn .
  29. ^ Heimatstimmen from the Olpe district , 78/35.
  30. ^ Archive of the Baron von Plettenberg-Bamenohl, file 147, p. 2 ff; Otto Höffer: Historical diary of the city of Attendorn .
  31. ^ Albert K. Hömberg. In: Heimatblätter. Journal of the Heimatvereine of the Olpe district , 11/34.
  32. ↑ native voices from Olpe , 78/35 and 11/35.
  33. ^ Albert K. Hömberg: The Herford goods in the Sauerland . In: Heimatblätter for the Sauerland region of Cologne , vol. 11 (1934), issue 1.
  34. ↑ Seibertz: Landes- und Rechtsgeschichte Westfalens , p. 151.
  35. ^ Archives of the Baron von Fürstenberg-Herdringen, AFH 4134; Otto Höffer: Historical diary of the city of Attendorn .
  36. ↑ native voices from Olpe 9/600.
  37. ↑ Archive of Baron von Fürstenberg-Herdringen, file AFH 1142, p. 103.
  38. ^ Archives of the Baron von Fürstenberg-Herdringen, file AFH 1145, p. 29; Otto Höffer: Historical diary of the city of Attendorn .
  39. ^ Count von Speesches archive in Ahausen, VI, 1.
  40. ^ Archive of Baron von Fürstenberg-Herdringen, Certificate 20717; Otto Höffer: Historical diary of the city of Attendorn .
  41. ^ Archive of the Baron von Fürstenberg-Herdringen, AFH 169, p. 333; Otto Höffer: Historical diary of the city of Attendorn .
  42. ^ Archive of the Baron von Fürstenberg-Herdringen, AFH 169, p. 341; Otto Höffer: Historical diary of the city of Attendorn .
  43. ^ Archive of the Baron von Fürstenberg-Herdringen, AFH 1142, p. 545 and AFH 1142, p. 519; Otto Höffer: Historical diary of the city of Attendorn .
  44. ↑ native voices from Olpe , 59/89.
  45. ↑ Heimatblätter. Journal of the Heimatvereine of the Olpe district , vol. 14, p. 105.
  46. ↑ native voices from Olpe 59/89.
  47. ↑ native voices from Olpe , 9/599 and 59/90.
  48. ↑ native voices from Olpe , 9/599.
  49. ↑ Details on the appointment in the historical diary of the city of Attendorn .
  50. ^ Archive of the Baron von Fürstenberg-Herdringen, files AFH 235, p. 333; Otto Höffer: Historical diary of the city of Attendorn .
  51. ^ Archives of Baron von Fürstenberg-Herdringen, AFH file 1440, p. 79; Otto Höffer: Historical diary of the city of Attendorn .
  52. ^ Heimatstimmen from the Olpe district , 9/599, and file 1537, p. 10.
  53. ^ Archive of Baron von Fürstenberg-Herdringen, Certificate 21441; Otto Höffer: Historical diary of the city of Attendorn .
  54. ↑ Hubertus Heuel: Waldenburg burned down earlier than expected. May 15, 2008, accessed on May 28, 2020 (German).
  55. ^ Flemming Krause: Waldenburg ruins in Attendorn smeared with graffiti. June 6, 2018, accessed on May 28, 2020 (German).
  56. ↑ a b Meinolf Lüttecke: The ruin is reminiscent of a proud castle. July 19, 2017, accessed on May 28, 2020 (German).
  57. ↑ Peter Plugge: Ruin to see again. October 22, 2009, accessed on May 28, 2020 (German).
  58. ↑ Riem Karsoua: A journey through the historic Hanseatic city of Attendorn. March 19, 2019, accessed on May 28, 2020 (German).
  59. ↑ Herbert Kranz: Hiking around the Biggesee is delightful. July 18, 2017, accessed on May 28, 2020 (German).

Web links

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