Monastery forever
The Ewig Monastery was founded in 1420 by Augustinian Canons in the district of the same name in the town of Attendorn in the Sauerland. It existed until it was repealed in 1803. Today the former monastery buildings form part of the Attendorn prison .
Monastery time until 1803
The founder was the Attendorn merchant Heinrich Weke (also called Waiken), in connection with two courts in Listernohl to the Augustinian canons of Neuss . The economic basis of the monastery was the manor Ewig, which had existed since the 13th century, with a number of leased farms and other property. The monastery buildings were erected between 1412 and 1429. The first head of the community was Johannes Sewaldi from the Böddeken monastery . It belonged to the Windesheim congregation from the area of the Devotio moderna . Twelve brothers lived next to the prior in the new monastery, based on the twelve disciples of Jesus . The Vogteirechte fell in 1674 to the von Fürstenberg family , who at that time also owned the Schnellenberg , Waldenburg and Bilstein castles . Since 1683, the Augustinian convent Störmede was subordinate to the Ewig monastery . In 1726 the monastery buildings were rebuilt with the inclusion of an older church. Older buildings were demolished and the east portal was supplemented with figurative decorations. The monastery formed a large, irregular four-wing complex. The elongated main building has corner towers and a rich baroque portal .
East wing portal
Portal south wing
East wing portal, outside
View of the east wing before the renovation in 1978
Archaeological research
The entire floor plan of the former church was reconstructed with ten excavation cuts. The church foundations were approx. 0.50 m below the entrance level, with the northern long side lying under today's courtyard wall. The monastery cemetery was in the courtyard. Remains of an older monastery church were located south of the south wing. Two wall sections running east-west and north-south lay below the floor level and formed a large room. This part of the monastery was demolished in the first half of the 18th century to make way for the baroque complex that still exists today. With the findings of the remains of the building behind the south wing, a completely different appearance of the original monastery becomes apparent.
Several weapons of the 14th / 15th centuries Century were found in the area of the moat on the east side, in particular a fragment of a chain mail, a storm spike, a support bracket for an early rifle and the barrel of a rifle to name. Further ceramic finds from potteries in Siegburg and Cologne show that the monastery had a certain prosperity in the 16th century. The expansion to the east with the figure portal, the stone bridge and the garden sculptures with stone vases also speaks for the upscale need for representation at that time.
Hammer mills
The monastery had owned several hammer mills since the 15th century . These facilities, which were built by the bourgeoisie and later became monastic property, are among the earliest mechanical hammer mills in the region powered by water power. The tradition for the early period is relatively good. A self-hammer was only mentioned in 1449. The Listernohler Hammer , later called Maiwormshammer and first mentioned in 1446, was originally founded by citizens of Attendorn. The Bigge's water was dammed in ponds and drained to operate the hammer. It is not known whether it was connected to a hut. The hammer was transferred to the monastery in 1478 against the background of a memorial foundation. The facility was leased. In 1592 the hammer in the goat soap on the Lister also fell to the monastery. After secularization in 1855, the hammer was converted into a puddle mill . The Merklinghauser Hammer an der Ihne was also temporarily owned by the monastery.
Manuscripts
Old manuscripts were copied in the writing workshops of the Augustinian Monastery. The most important codex that emerged from the Eternal Scriptorium is a missal from 1472 for the parish of Schönholthausen , which is now kept in the Diocesan Museum in Paderborn .
Representation on the upper floor, east wing, here: spring
Representation on the first floor, east wing, here: summer
Representation on the upper floor, east wing, here: autumn
Representation on the first floor, east wing, here: winter
Development after secularization
In 1803 the monastery was secularized and the property was initially a Hessian state domain. The inventory was sold and the church was demolished. Under Prussian rule from 1816, the building complex changed hands several times. In 1819 it was sold to the Baron von Gaugreben . In 1855 the buildings were sold to Friedrich von Schenk. In 1898 the Prussian state bought the property back. It was the seat of a forest ranger's office with a state domain. In 1923 and 1931 the facility was badly damaged by fires and in 1944 it was acquired by the Ramacher family in exchange. In 1956 the equipment for the construction of the Biggetalsperre was bought. In addition to offices and laboratories, a barrack camp for workers was housed there. In 1967, the building became the property of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia , which established the state's first open penal institution there in 1968 . From 1978 to 1988, today's building complex was erected in various construction phases, which was officially handed over to the Attendorn prison on November 25, 1988 with a celebration .
literature
- Heiko KL Schulze: Monasteries and monasteries in Westphalia - history, building history and description, a documentation . In: Géza Jászai (Ed.): Monastic Westphalia. Monasteries and monasteries 800–1800. Westphalian State Museum for Art and Cultural History, Münster 1982, ISBN 3-88789-054-X , p. 343f. (Exhibition catalog, Münster, Westphalian State Museum for Art and Cultural History, September 26, 1982 - November 21, 1982).
- Attendorn correctional facility, 1988, renovation and general overhaul of the former Ewig monastery building, Attendorn State Building Authority.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ History of the noble families von Ewig and von Heggen zu Ewig in: Pickertsche Sammlung von Willi Voss and Robert J. Sasse, 2005–2012, pages 32–40 and 72–74
- ^ Winfried Reininghaus / Reinhard Köhne: Mining, smelting and hammer works in the Duchy of Westphalia in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. Münster, 2008 p. 56
- ^ Winfried Reininghaus / Reinhard Köhne: Mining, smelting and hammer works in the Duchy of Westphalia in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. Münster, 2008 p. 194f.
Coordinates: 51 ° 6 ′ 57.5 ″ N , 7 ° 52 ′ 56.5 ″ E