Johann Carl Bertram Stüve

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Johann Carl Bertram Stüve, anonymous portrait painting from the 19th century.
Stüve 1872 in the journal Die Gartenlaube

Johann Carl Bertram Stüve (born March 4, 1798 in Osnabrück ; † February 16, 1872 there ) was a lawyer, historian and politician, mayor of his hometown Osnabrück ( Lower Saxony ), a member of the Assembly of Estates in the Kingdom of Hanover and a liberal interior minister of the so-called March Ministry in Hanover. As a peasant liberator in the Principality of Osnabrück, he was of particular importance through the Hanoverian Redemption Act, which is regarded as his political masterpiece. Stüve is one of the most important personalities in the city of Osnabrück .

Life

Stüve came from a respected Osnabrück family of politicians. His father Heinrich David Stüve (1757–1813) and his grandfather Johann Eberhard Stüve were already members of the city council, and his father was the city's first mayor from 1804 until his death in 1813. Stüve was the youngest of five children from the marriage of Heinrich David Stüve and Margarethe Agnes Berghoff. He attended the Osnabrück Ratsgymnasium , which he graduated in 1817. First he began studying law in Berlin, then moved to Göttingen, where he received his doctorate in 1820. In Berlin as well as in Göttingen he belonged to fraternities , in Berlin he was a co-founder of the old Berlin fraternity in 1818 . Out of consideration for his widowed mother, he settled in Osnabrück as a lawyer, although he would have liked to become a law professor. In addition to his legal work, he devoted himself to historical studies and organized the city, episcopal and monastery archives and published Justus Möser's handwriting for the third part of his Osnabrück history. He continued Möser's “History of the Hochstift Osnabrück” and published in the “Hannoversche Zeitung” and the “Osnabrücker Volksblatt”. Stüve was an Evangelical Lutheran denomination and remained unmarried throughout his life.

politics

Stüve's political career began in 1824 as a member of the state assembly in Hanover, where he achieved his first major success with a state debt relief for his hometown. During this time, the independent farmers in the Osnabrück region were committed to the landlord with life and limb. Only a charter gave them independence. Stüve, meanwhile with the title Treasury member of the Estates Assembly in Hanover, published his book On the Burdens of Real Estate and presented the Redemption Ordinance, which should bring freedom to the dependent peasants. It came into force on July 22, 1833. Stüve, a moderate reformer, worked on the constitution of 1833 for the Kingdom of Hanover. King Ernst August abolished the estates-liberal constitution in 1837 by breaking the constitution. On the other hand, Stüve filed a constitutional complaint with the German Confederation on behalf of the city of Osnabrück , but the constitution was only put back into force in 1848 after the March Revolution . From 1841 onwards, the Hanover government prevented Stüve from exercising his mandate in the state parliament. He was only allowed to leave Osnabrück for more than three days with the Landdrosten's approval and refused to ask for permission. So he devoted himself to his office as administrative mayor of Osnabrück, to which he was unanimously elected by the Osnabrück city council in 1833. He initially held this office until 1848.

King Ernst August tried to limit the effects of the March Revolution by appointing Stüve as Minister of the Interior in Count Bennigsen's March government . Stüve abolished censorship, eliminated professional privileges, separated the judiciary and administration and reformed administration and communities. His reforms persisted after the resignation of the March ministers in October 1850 until they were repealed in 1855 under King George V. Stüve returned to Osnabrück in 1850, initially devoted himself to historical publications, and was re-elected mayor in 1852. However, he took an increasingly conservative stance. After disputes with the council of citizens, he finally gave up his office in 1864 and resigned.

He died in 1872 and was buried in the Hasefriedhof in Osnabrück. The Stüveschacht is named after him.

Stüve as a historian

In addition to extensive publications of political content, Stüve has also presented historical works. His three-volume "History of the Osnabrück Monastery", which extends from the Saxon period to 1647 - published in 1853, 1872 and posthumously 1882 with a volume of around 1,700 printed pages - is still a quotable basic work on the Osnabrück regional history, especially since it has not yet been presented with a more recent historical overview has been replaced. This also applies to his numerous essays on the city constitution of Osnabrück, which were published in the "Mitteilungen des Historisches Verein zu Osnabrück" and in the "New Patriotic Archive".

Honors

Johann Carl Bertram Stüve, monument by Heinrich Pohlmann

In 1871 Stüve became a corresponding member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences . In 1876 he was elected honorary member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences .

On September 17, 1882, a Stüve memorial was erected on the market square of his native Osnabrück. The sculptor Heinrich Pohlmann was the creator of the statue . During the National Socialist era , the monument was removed from the market square, rebuilt on the Natruper-Tor-Wall, the then Kaiserwall, and moved in front of the adult education center building in Osnabrück during the Second World War . It shows Stüve on a high plinth with a slightly raised right hand, holding documents in the left, which bear the dates of publication of the Hanover Redemption Act and the Basic Law.

The following quote from Johann Wolfgang von Goethe could be read on the original base of the statue:

"Free-minded, self-limiting,
always thinking the next thing,
not deviating from the path to the straight,
and finally reaching the goal."

In Hanover, in the Linden-Mitte district, Minister-Stüve-Strasse was named after Stüve at the turn of the 20th century.

Works

  • with Johann Hermann Detmold : Hanoverian Portfolio. Collection of files on the history of the Hanoverian constitutional struggle , 4 vols. Krabbe, Stuttgart 1838–1841.
  • Gustav Stüve (Ed.): Correspondence between Stüve and Detmold in the years 1848-1850 . In: Sources and description of the history of Lower Saxony, vol. 13. Hahn, Hanover / Leipzig 1903.
  • Investigations into the Gogerichte in Westphalia and Lower Saxony . Frommann, Jena 1870.

literature

in order of appearance

Web links

Commons : Johann Carl Bertram Stüve  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Johann Carl Bertram Stüve  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ August Stüve: History of the Stüve Family . Osnabrück 1905.
  2. ^ Helge Dvorak: Biographical Lexicon of the German Burschenschaft. Volume I: Politicians. Sub-Volume 5: R – S. Winter, Heidelberg 2002, ISBN 3-8253-1256-9 , p. 562.
  3. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 236.
  4. ^ August Stüve: The story of the Stüve family . Osnabrück 1905, p. 91 .
personal data
SURNAME Stüve, Johann Carl Bertram
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Stüve, Johann Karl Bertram
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician and mayor of Osnabrück
DATE OF BIRTH March 4, 1798
PLACE OF BIRTH Osnabrück
DATE OF DEATH February 16, 1872
Place of death Osnabrück