Ezzonen

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In the East Frankish-German Empire of the 10th and 11th centuries, the Ezzonen were the most important representatives of the kingdom of the Middle and Lower Rhine as Count Palatine of Lorraine . The family is named after Count Palatine Ezzo , who was in office from 996 to 1034.

history

At the end of the 9th century, the Ezzone as Count Palatine of Lorraine became historically tangible in the person of Erenfrid on the Middle Rhine, in Alzey . Perhaps they had ancestors who belonged to the Carolingian imperial aristocracy. The political rise of this family can then be well on the basis of them accumulated counties understand.

  • Hermann I .: Around the middle of the 10th century Hermann Pusillus (the tender) (948) was Count in the Auelgau , his descendant Erenfrid was already count of several counties, a. a. in the Duisburg-Kaiserswerther Grafschaft (950). His son Hermann (970, 989-996) is referred to for the first time as Lorraine Count Palatine and thus succeeded the Conradines , who presumably had exercised this office, which had its center in the royal palace in Aachen , at the beginning of the 10th century and who with Otto and Eberhard in a royal document of August 3, 904 as counts in the Keldachgau or in the Duisburg-Kaiserswerther Grafschaft, with Konrad , the later King of East Franconia (911-918), as Kaiserswerth lay abbot in a document from 26. July 910. The Ezzone Hermann ruled along the Lower and Middle Rhine over the counties in Bonn , Auel- , Eifel and Zülpichgau . He also succeeded his father in the Duisburg-Kaiserswerther Grafschaft (976).
  • Ezzo : Count Palatine Ezzo (996-1034) reached a position equivalent to a duke at the turn of the 10th to the 11th century. Ezzo's position of power was based on his closeness to the king, on his marital relations with the Ottonian ruling house. Nevertheless - according to the fundatio monasterii Brunwilarensis , the Ezzonian house chronicle - after the death of Emperor Otto III. (983–1002) Ezzonian claims to the succession in kingship in the election of the Bavarian Duke Heinrich (II., 1002–1024) as king. Ezzo's resistance to the new ruler was to last for over ten years before an understanding between the Count Palatine and the King was reached after a battle near Odernheim (1011). In the course of an agreement, Kaiserswerth, Duisburg and the surrounding imperial estate were given away to Ezzo (after 1016). Even when the dynasty changed from the Ottonians to the Salians (1024), the Ezzone was passed over, but an agreement between Ezzo and Conrad II (1024-1039) will probably have come about .
  • Otto I .: Ezzo's youngest son Otto (1035-1045) succeeded him in the Palatinate, who received the Duchy of Swabia in 1045 in exchange for Kaiserswerth and Duisburg .
  • Heinrich I the Mad : Otto's successor was Heinrich (from 1045; deposed 1060; † 1061), son of Count Hezelin (1020 – after 1033), Ezzo's brother. He took over the Palatinate, but failed in his policy due to the resistance of the Archbishop of Cologne in Anno II (1056-1075).
  • Hermann II .: Heinrich's son and successor Hermann can be verified as Count Palatine from 1064. He had to be content with a reduced position of power compared to the Archbishop of Cologne, Anno II. This particularly affected the southern Ezzonian counties. Hermann was still represented in the Duisburg-Kaiserswerther county (1065, 1071) and remained count in the Ruhrgau and Zülpichgau . In the Brabantgau he was installed by Henry IV (from 1085/1086 Landgraviate Brabant) and founded the Affligem Abbey . With his death (Dalhem, September 20, 1085), the Ezzonen-Hezeliniden family died out. Despite their dominant position in the Lorraine-Rhenish area, the Count Palatine failed to build up a regional position of power because of the Ottonian and Salian kings, the Archbishops of Cologne , but also failed because of the official character of the Palatinate.

The later, non-Ezzonian Count Palatine from Heinrich II. Von Laach (1085–1095) to Konrad von Staufen (1156–1195) - at least on the Lower Rhine - were never able to develop the political effectiveness of the Ezzone Hezelinids. This can already be seen in the fact that in the 2nd half of the 11th and 12th centuries, the Duisburg-Kaiserswerther Grafschaft between the Rhine , Ruhr and Wupper , i.e. one of the northern counties in the Palatinate's power complex, administered in 1067, 1093 or to the middle of the 12th century.

Count Palatine of Lorraine

Ezzone :

  • Hermann I. (989-996)
  • Ezzo (996-1034)
  • Otto I. (1035-1045; † 1047)
  • Heinrich I (1045–1060; † 1061), deposed in 1060
  • 1060-1064: vacant
  • Hermann II. (1064-1085), between 1060 and 1064 as the only Gaugraf under the tutelage of the Archbishop of Cologne Anno II.

Continuation by the Count Palatine near the Rhine .

literature

  • Klaus Gereon Beuckers : The Ezzonen and their foundations. An investigation into foundation activities in the 11th century. In: Art History. Volume 42, Lit , Münster / Hamburg 1993, ISBN 3-89473-953-3 (also dissertation at the University of Bonn 1993).
  • Ruth Gerstner: The history of the Lorraine Palatinate County (from the beginnings to the formation of the Palatinate Spa Territory). Rheinisches Archiv 40, Bonn 1941.
  • E. Kimpen: Ezzonen and Hezeliniden in the Rhineland Palatinate , communications from the Austrian Institute for Historical Research. XII. Supplementary volume, Innsbruck 1933, pp. 1–91.
  • Ursula Lewald: The Ezzone. The fate of a Rhenish princely family , Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter 43, 1979, pp. 120–168
  • F. Steinbach: The Ezzone. An attempt at territorial political amalgamation of the Franconian Rhineland , Collectanea Franz Steinbach. Essays and treatises on constitutional, social and economic history, historical regional studies and cultural space research, ed. F. Petri and G. Droege, Bonn 1967, pp. 64–81.
  • FJ van Droogenbroeck: De betekenis van paltsgraaf Herman II (1064-1085) voor het graafschap Brabant. Eigen Schoon en De Brabander 87, Brussels 2004, pp. 1–166.
  • Rainer Assmann : Sword and Cross - The proselytization of the Sauerland by the Ezzone as a military leader of Charlemagne. The Ezzonian grand counties as the nucleus of the counties Berg, Altena and Arnsberg . Der Reidemeister - History sheets for Lüdenscheid town and country, No. 208, November 22, 2016.
  • Helmuth Kluger, Propter Claritatem Generis. Genealogy of the Ezzone family. In: Cologne - City and Diocese in Church and Empire of the Middle Ages, ed. by Hanna Vollrath and Stefan Weinfurter, Cologne, Weimar, Vienna 1993, pp. 223 - 258