Screeching
|
Screeching
City of Castrop-Rauxel
Coordinates: 51 ° 35 ′ 34 ″ N , 7 ° 20 ′ 16 ″ E
|
|
|---|---|
| Height : | 62 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 7.19 km² |
| Residents : | 15,450 (Dec. 31, 2013) |
| Population density : | 2.149 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | April 1, 1926 |
| Postal code : | 44581 |
| Area code : | 02305 |
Ickern in the northeast of Castrop-Rauxel is the largest and most populous district of this town, which is part of the Recklinghausen district .
geography
Geographical location
Ickern is located in the northern Ruhr area and thus in the south of the Westphalian Bay on both sides of the Emscher , which is Ickern's most important flowing water. In the south of Ickern lies the Beerenbruch nature reserve, which also includes parts of Deininghausen and Mengedes .
Neighboring places
Starting in the north in a clockwise direction, Ickern is bordered by the city of Waltrop , the Dortmund district of Mengede and the Castrop-Rauxel districts of Deininghausen , Rauxel , Habinghorst and Henrichenburg .
history
Until the end of the Holy Roman Empire
Ickern was first mentioned in a document in 1220. Until the end of the Holy Roman Empire , Ickern belonged to the County of Mark for centuries . On the northern edge of this county, Ickern was on the edge of Vest Recklinghausen in the Electorate of Cologne . After the county was divided into " Landratshliche Creise " in the late 18th century, Ickern belonged to the Mengede district of the Hördisches Kreis. Ickern was still called Ickhorn until the 18th century.
Village Ickern in the 19th century
During the Napoleonic Wars , the area was temporarily annexed by the French Empire on July 9, 1807 as a result of the Peace of Tilsit , only to be incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Berg a little later on January 21, 1808 . Here it came to the arrondissement Dortmund within the department Ruhr with seat of the prefecture in the previous imperial city Dortmund .
After Napoleon's defeat in the Battle of Leipzig in October 1813, the French administration on the right bank of the Rhine quickly collapsed. As previously Prussian property, the county of Mark fell back to Prussia at the end of 1813 . The Brandenburg possession of Prussia was confirmed in the final act of the Congress of Vienna . In the restructuring, the administration came seeping in 1817 to the newly formed district Dortmund in Arnsberg Region of the Province of Westphalia , where the northernmost municipality in later Office Mengede was. The Upper President of the Province of Westphalia, Ludwig von Vincke, lived in Haus Ickern until 1813 , a noble residence that was destroyed in 1944.
From industrialization to the end of the Second World War
In the 1860s, several independent mining companies were searching for coal reserves in the area around the villages of Rauxel and Ickern. Thus, in 1871 with the colliery Victor in the area around Ickern, in 1908 with the colliery Ickern in Ickern itself the hard coal mining began , in the consequence and surroundings also other industries settled. In 1917 the two mines were connected by a joint management and in 1922 the Victor-Ickern funding association was set up. In 1923 Peter Klöckner took over these mines and other mining operations in Klöckner-Werke AG Rauxel-Berlin , based in Rauxel. As part of the occupation of the Ruhr , French troops marched into Ickern in 1923 and occupied the mine there for a year.
On April 1, 1926, Ickern was merged with the city of Castrop and other communities to form the new city of Castrop-Rauxel, which initially belonged to the Dortmund district until it became a district on April 1, 1928.
In 1927, Klöckner-Werke and Wintershall AG founded the Victor-nitrogen works union for the production of artificial fertilizers, and from 1934 it also began producing synthetic fuel using the Fischer-Tropsch process .
During the Second World War , Ickern was exposed to frequent air strikes because of these industrial facilities , which also hit civilians, prisoners of war and forced laborers . The production of coal was mostly only interrupted for a short time, but other types of destruction were more serious. Dud bombs from this period are still being found, for example on December 9, 2009 on the sports field on the Uferstrasse, when defused the surrounding population had to be evacuated at short notice. The nearby motorway A 2 has been locked. The last find so far was on July 7, 2017.
Post-war until today
After the bomb damage was quickly repaired, the coal and steel industry began to flourish for a short time, as in the entire Ruhr area. Shaft 2 of the Ickern colliery received a new, full-walled strut frame to accommodate a large-volume vessel conveyor. which was the largest of its kind in the Ruhr area for many years. New dismantling and route expansion techniques were also tested, such as the endless conveyor according to Konrad Grebe .
In 1962, a 2500 m long conveyor belt was built to transport coal from Ickern I / II to the Rauxel power station. It crossed the A2 autobahn, three streets and the Emscher and was the largest surface installation of its kind in the West German coal industry. For immigrants from the former German eastern areas, a large housing estate, mainly of simple four-room terraced houses , has been built on the Aapwiesen north of the Emscher since 1952 . The market square was completed by an office building with a library. The coal crisis that began at the end of the 1950s , however, marked the beginning of the decline of heavy industry in Ickern as well.
In 1967 the state of North Rhine-Westphalia bought the 130,000 m² property "Meisenhof", which had previously been used as a mountain apprentice home, from Klöckner-Werke AG in Duisburg and opened the Castrop-Rauxel penal institution there in 1968 , an open penal institution whose first inmates were from the Hövelhof penal institution were moved here from Staumühle . Today the JVA Meisenhof has 450 places in open prison and 16 closed places .
On September 30, 1973 the last conveyor shift was run on Ickern 1/2 and on Victor 3/4 . The Ickern 1/2 shafts were then backfilled, and Ickern 3 and Ickern 4 were taken over as external facilities by the Minister Achenbach mine in Lünen . The daytime facilities were almost completely demolished because an industrial area was to be created on the colliery site, as were the two outer shafts in the Waltrop area after Minister Achenbach closed it in 1992. Only the former entrance building on Ickern 1/2 in the direct vicinity of the Ickern-Nord workers' settlement remained receive; it was taken over by the Greek community in 1985 and converted into a community center through self-help. In 1997, as part of the International Building Exhibition Emscher Park, the project development for the extension to the AGORA cultural center began in cooperation between the Greek community and the Evangelical Church District of Herne , which was implemented structurally in the following years. At the end of 2000 the amphitheater and the culture café were opened here.
The Victor union became the property of BASF and was closed in February 1990, which resulted in the loss of around 2,000 industrial jobs. In the meantime, the site has been redeveloped and rededicated to the so-called Mittelstandspark Ost ; the road connection of the district was significantly improved.
Incorporations
On April 1, 1926, Ickern was merged with its neighboring community of Habinghorst, the Rauxel office, the city of Castrop and a few other communities to form the new city of Castrop-Rauxel . On April 1, 1928, the united city received the district freedom .
In the course of the municipal reform , the district of Ickern was incorporated into the district of Recklinghausen with Castrop-Rauxel in 1975 and thus moved from the administrative district of Arnsberg to the administrative district of Münster .
Population development
The decline in population caused by the decline of the coal and steel industry is more noticeable in Ickern than in the city as a whole.
|
literature
- Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old mines on the Ruhr. Past and future of a key technology. With a catalog of the "life stories" of 477 mines (series Die Blauen Bücher ). Verlag Langewiesche Nachhaben, Königstein im Taunus, 6th, expanded and updated edition. 2008, ISBN 978-3-7845-6994-9 , pp. 167–168 (on the mines in Ickern).
- Tilo Cramm: Mining is not one man's thing. The Victor-Ickern mine in Castrop-Rauxel. Klartext-Verlag, Essen 2001, ISBN 3-88474-928-5 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ see the information on the map " Die Grafschaft Marck " by Friedrich Christoph Müller from 1791.
- ^ Johann Josef Scotti: Collection of laws and ordinances ... Volume 3 (Grand Duchy of Berg), Wolf, Düsseldorf 1822, p. 1516 ( Bonn State Library )
- ↑ Stephanie Reekers: The regional development of the districts and communities of Westphalia 1817-1967 . Aschendorff, Münster Westfalen 1977, ISBN 3-402-05875-8 , p. 251 .
- ↑ Castrop-Rauxel fire brigade: bomb disposal in the Ickern district ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ JVA Castrop-Rauxel: History ( Memento of the original of April 30, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Workshop town: Castrop-Rauxel-Ickern "AGORA"
- ↑ Expose Mittelstandspark Ost (PDF; 4.3 MB)
- ↑ http://www.castrop-rauxel.de/Stadtentwicklung/Stadtentwicklung/Stadtforschung_Statistik/autostart.asp City of Castrop-Rauxel area urban development
Behringhausen | Bladenhorst | Bövinghausen | Castrop | Deininghausen | Things | Frohlinde | Habinghorst | Henrichenburg | Creak | Merklinde | Obercastrop | Pöppinghausen | Rauxel | Schwerin