Magdalenians

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The Magdalenerinnen , sisters of the order of St. Mary Magdalene for penance, Latin : Ordo Sanctae Mariae Magdalenae de poenitentia ( order abbreviation : OSMM ), also called Sorores poenitentes , penitentiaries , are a Catholic religious order .

Emergence

The order was created around 1230 in the German-speaking area, founded in 1224 by the priest Rudolf von Worms in Worms and is considered the oldest pure women's order in the Catholic Church. He had numerous monasteries in all parts of the Holy Roman Empire as well as in Hungary and Poland. The patroness was Mary Magdalene , the converted sinner from the New Testament ( Lk 8.3  EU ).

True to the example of their patroness, the purpose of the order was initially a common monastic life of penitent street whores and endangered women, from about 1250 also the care of unmarried members of the bourgeois families. Increasingly, women who repented voluntarily took the place of converted women.

The Magdalen Sisters lived according to the Augustine rule . They wore simple white clothes, slept clothed and girded on straw and a woolen cloth, and were never allowed to go idle . Because of their white dress, they were also called "white women". Because of the repentance and the abandonment of their old way of life, the sisters also called themselves "penitents" ( poenitentes ) or "penitents". Towards the end of the 13th century, around 70 monasteries belonged to the order, which was divided into four order provinces . Each monastery was independent, the overall order was headed by a general provost ( praepositus generalis ). Some monasteries joined other orders over time, e.g. B. the Cistercians. At the end of the 15th century there were still about 40 monasteries.

history

German branch

Magdalen monastery and church in Hildesheim

As a result of the Reformation , most of the Magdalen convents were secularized by the middle of the 16th century. What remained were two religious houses located in Silesia in Naumburg am Queis and in Sprottau , plus one in Lauban ( Upper Lusatia ) and one in Hildesheim, now in Lower Saxony. After the Counter-Reformation, after 1700 in the Silesian Neisse there was a new foundation. Since there were maintenance problems in the Sprottau monastery, Franz Ludwig von Pfalz-Neuburg was asked for permission to build a new monastery in Neisse. This was confirmed in the 1711 admission letter. The Magdalene gutters were introduced completely in Neisse in 1726. With the exception of the monastery in 1810 Lauban were under the secularization all Magdalene convents trough forced by the Prussian state and in the case of Hildesheim the Kingdom of Westphalia canceled and confiscated the convent.

Until 2004 there was a last monastery of the German Magdalene nuns in Seyboldsdorf in the Lower Bavarian district of Landshut , which goes back to sisters who were expelled from the Magdalenerinnenkloster Lauban in 1945 . The monastery was finally given up because of the old age of the convent and the lack of prospects for new members. From then on, the remaining sisters lived in an elderly care facility in Obernzell on the Danube . The last Magdalena of the German branch of the order died in July 2016. On March 31, 2017, the monastery was also dissolved as a public corporation .

Polish branch

The Polish branch of the Magdalenerinnen still exists today, based on the same statute as the German sisters in the past. As the sisters' building was bombed out in the battle for Lauban in 1945 and demolished after the war, the Magdalenki took over the former Antoniusstift there. There has been a branch monastery in Bayreuth since the 1990s , which was founded on the initiative of Dean Siegbert Keiling, a native of Lauban, under the patronage of St. Benedict was founded. The Polish Magdalenese have had a branch in Erfurt since 2009. You are entrusted with the care of the theology students in the local seminary .

Trivia

In the ARD television series Um Himmels Willen , the “nuns” of the “Kaltenthal Monastery” are Magdalena. However , they do not wear the Magdalenian habit , but a fictitious one.

See also

literature

  • Karl Suso Frank: Magdalenerinnen . In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 3. Edition. tape 6 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1997, Sp. 1182 .
  • Kurt Köster: Mainz in the history of the Reuerinnen order . In: Yearbook for the Diocese of Mainz , Volume 3 (1948), pp. 243–272.
  • Paul Skobel: The virgin monastery monastery of St. Mary Magdalene of the penance at Lauban in Silesia from 1320-1821 . Edited and supplemented to the present by Edmund Piekorz. Konrad Theiss, Aalen and Stuttgart 1970.
  • Jörg Voigt: Beguines in the late Middle Ages. Women's piety in Thuringia and in the Reich. Böhlau, Cologne 2012, ISBN 978-3-412-20668-0 (= Publications of the Historical Commission for Thuringia, Small Series , Volume 32; Dissertation Uni Jena 2009).

Web links

Remarks

  1. ^ A b Karl Suso Frank: Magdalenerinnen . In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 3. Edition. tape 6 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1997, Sp. 1182 .
  2. ^ Anton Rathsmann: Fragments from the history of the monasteries and foundations of Silesia from their creation to the time of their abolition in November 1810. Graß & Barth, Breslau 1811.
  3. ↑ Ferdinand Minsberg: Historical background of the remarkable events in the principality City Neisse. Hennings, Neisse 1834. pp. 173-174.
  4. ↑ Rudolf Lehner: The last sister of the order of the Magdalenerinnen . In: Landshuter Zeitung of July 15, 2016, p. 21.
  5. ^ Orders and ecclesiastical associations with the status of a corporation under public law - Citizen Service. Retrieved March 24, 2018 .