Jan Długosz

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Jan Długosz , also Johannes Longinus , Joannes Dlugossius , Johann (es) Dlugoss or Dluhoss (born December 1, 1415 in Nowa Brzeźnica near Radomsko ; † May 19, 1480 in Cracow ) was a Polish diplomat , geographer and historian .

Life

Długosz studied at the Cracow Academy from 1428 to 1431 . In 1431 he was appointed by his uncle Bartłomiej Długosz and pastor of Kłobuck (Klobutzko) in Silesia to be his successor at the parish church of St. Martin in Kłobuck and later founded the canons' monastery in Kłobuck. In 1436 he became a canon in Cracow . In the years 1433-1455 Długosz was close confidante and secretary of the Cracow bishop Zbigniew Oleśnicki . After his death he entered the service of King Casimir IV in 1467 , from whom he was entrusted with the education of royal sons and with numerous diplomatic missions. Among other things, he negotiated during the Thirteen Years War (1454–1466) between the Teutonic Order and Poland-Lithuania . With his participation the Second Peace of Thorn came about. He turned down an election as Archbishop of Prague , shortly before his death Długosz was appointed Archbishop of Lemberg in 1480 .

Works

Annales seu Chronicae incliti Regni Poloniae

Between 1455 and 1480 he wrote the Annales seu Cronicae incliti Regni Poloniae ( Annals or Chronicles of the Glorious Kingdom of Poland , Roczniki, czyli kroniki sławnego Królestwa Polskiego ) in Latin in twelve volumes. Part of it, the Chorographia Regni Poloniae is a detailed geographical description of the country. The historical representations, however, are mostly dubious in the details.

The complete works exerted a great influence on early modern Polish historiography, including a. on Maciej Miechowita .

The first printed edition of the Chronicle of Długosz appeared in 1614 (censored), the first complete edition in the years 1701–1703. The critical edition that is decisive today was published in 10 volumes from 1964 to 2003.

Banderia prutenorum

His Banderia Prutenorum from 1448 is one of the most important contemporary sources on the Battle of Tannenberg (1410) , whereby the battle site, following Polish tradition, is referred to by Dlugosz as Grunwald (and not as Green Fields near Tannenberg).

Liber beneficiorum ecclesiae Craceviensis

He wrote the Liber beneficiorum ecclesiae Craceviensis in three parts in the years 1440 to 1480, a church history of Krakow, and a detailed description of the diocese of Krakow . The third part from the years 1470 to 1480 describes all parishes of the diocese, including the deaneries of Bytom (Beuthen) and Pszczyna (Pless) , at that time outside Poland in the Kingdom of Bohemia .

Translation of the Chronica Nova Prutenica

Długosz translated Wigand of Marburg's Prussian Chronicle Chronica nova Prutenica , whereby numerous German proper names were Polonized by him .

Complete edition

The entire work of Długosz was published in 1887 by Alexander Przeździecki as "Joannis Dlugosz Senioris Canonici Cracoviensis Opera Omnia". Volumes I to VI contain the shorter texts. These include the life of St. Stanislaus, the description of the banners of the Teutonic Order captured in 1410, known as “Banderia Prutenorum”, but also a heraldry book for which the Długosz authorship has not yet been conclusively clarified. The main works are found in the following volumes: Books VII to IX contain the “Liber beneficiorum”, a compilation of the goods, rights and privileges of the Krakow diocese, and the remaining volumes X to XIV contain the “Annales seu cronica incliti regni Poloniae ”, one of the most important universal chronicles on the history of East Central Europe in the Middle Ages.

literature

  • Dlugosz. In: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon . Vol. 5, Leipzig 1906, p. 67. ( digitized version )
  • Jacob Caro : Johannes Longinus. A contribution to the history of literature . Jena 1863.
  • Sven Ekdahl: The "Banderia Prutenorum" of Jan Długosz, a source for the battle of Tannenberg 1410 [fourteen hundred and ten]: Unters. to structure, development and Source value d. Hs. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, 1976. ISBN 978-3-525-82382-8 .

Web links

Commons : Jan Długosz  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ioannis Dlugossii annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae, Warsaw: Panstvove wydawnictwo naukowe, vol. 1-10, 1961-2003.
  2. ↑ Johannis Dlugosz canonici Cracoviensis Banderia Prutenorum. In: Scriptores rerum Prussicarum, ed. by Theodor Hirsch, Max Töppen and Ernst Strehlke, Leipzig: Hirzel, Vol. 4 (1870), pp. 9–34.
personal data
SURNAME Długosz, Jan
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Longinus, Johannes; Dlugossius, Joannes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish historian, diplomat and chronicler
DATE OF BIRTH December 1, 1415
PLACE OF BIRTH Nowa Brzeźnica , Radomsko
DATE OF DEATH May 19, 1480
Place of death Krakow