Kłobuck
| Kłobuck | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | Kłobuck | ||
| Area : | 47.53 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 55 ' N , 18 ° 56' E | ||
| Height : | 240 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 12,934 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Postal code : | 42-100 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 34 | ||
| License plate : | SKL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | DK43 Częstochowa - Wieluń | ||
| Next international airport : | Katowice Airport | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Urban and rural municipality | ||
| Gmina structure: | 10 school offices | ||
| Surface: | 130.40 km² | ||
| Residents: | 20,412 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Population density : | 157 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 2406013 | ||
| Administration (as of 2014) | |||
| Mayor : | Jerzy Zakrzewski | ||
| Address: | ul. 11 Listopada 6 42-400 Kłobuck |
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| Website : | www.klobuck.pl | ||
Kłobuck [ ˈkwɔbut͡sk ] (German Klobutzko ) is a district town in the northwest of the Silesian Voivodeship in Poland . Kłobuck is located around 16 km northwest of Częstochowa on the Biała Oksza in historic Lesser Poland . The city has about 13,000 inhabitants and is the capital of an urban and rural municipality in which around 20,000 people live.
history
Around four kilometers south of today's Kłobuck there was already a castellany around the turn of the 10th to the 11th century , which, along with other facilities of this type, secured the early Polish state. In the vicinity of this fortified complex, on the trade route leading to Kraków and Lublinitz , the village of Kłobuck was established as a market town in the 12th century, where markets were held twice a year. Kłobuck was used as the administrative seat for the surrounding royal forests in 1267. Already in 1287 Kłobuck ( rector ecclesiae Clobucensis ) was first mentioned, which at that time already represented a parish.
Around 1344, the new town of Kłobuck was founded near the old market town by King Casimir the Great on the basis of Magdeburg's town charter. The old village with the parish church of St. Bartholomew degenerated into a suburb, which was called the old town from the following century . From 1370 to 1396 Kłobuck belonged to the fief of Duke Wladislaus II of Opole . But while Upper Silesia and the Opole region fell to Bohemia , Władysław II Jagiełło conquered the city and its surroundings in 1369 and Kłobuck found himself again within the borders of the Kingdom of Poland as part of the Starostei Krzepice . Władysław Jagiello stayed in the city in 1416, 1420 and 1426.
In the 15th century there were two mills and three iron hammers in the city. The most important branch of the economy, however, was fish farming, which was operated in the nearby ponds. At this time, the suburbs of Zawada and Zagórze were also founded , where a royal outbuilding was located. The city was surrounded by a city wall and equipped with two city gates that secured the main road running from north to south. From 1434 to 1448 the well-known Polish historian Johannes Longinus ( Jan Długosz ) was pastor in Kłobuck. Later he campaigned for the foundation of the canons' monastery in 1454, in the vicinity of which the new parish church was later built. The monastery was settled by canons from the Church of Corpus Christi in Kazimierz near Krakow . During this time, however, the city was sacked in 1436 by soldiers of Josef Stosch, which brought a setback to the city's development. In 1457 the city was plundered again, this time by the Auschwitz prince Janusz, and large parts of the city were also burned down. After the parish church was expanded in 1466, Kłobuck experienced the second city fire of this century in 1469, which destroyed the entire city. A certain relief for the citizens came in 1471 when King Casimir IV released the residents from the labor they had to do for the Silesian landlords. This was confirmed by King Sigismund II August in 1562 .
The 16th century was relatively peaceful for Kłobuck and the city flourished under the Starost and Polish Marshal Mikołaj Wolski. In addition to the weekly market, there were seven annual markets. The city's industry and especially the ironworks were expanded. A wire mill with ten workshops and seven craftsmen was built near the city . In addition, Starost Wolski had a palace built on the Ring and a manor house (1610) on the road to Zagórze. In 1618 there were six guilds in the city in which the craftsmen had come together. The third suburb of Kłobuck was also built in this century: Trząska .
The following wars in Sweden not only brought Kłobuck to financial ruin, the whole city also deteriorated through looting and billeting of soldiers. The Warsaw Sejm of 1658 was conducive to the reconstruction. Because by royal decision Kłobuck was raised to the Starostei, which was subordinated to the Pauline monastery on the Jasna Góra in Czestochowa as a lease . At the same time the Starostei was exempt from all taxes, even if the population was subjected to the jurisdiction of the Pauline monastery. Between 1658 and 1670 25 new stone houses were built.
However, in 1689 another fire destroyed half of the city, from which it did not recover for a long time. That is why the Starostei was also dissolved in 1791. With the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, the economically weakened and epidemic-ridden Kłobuck found itself in the occupied territory of Prussia , or in the southeast of the newly created province of South Prussia . Kłobuck became the property of Count Christian von Luttichau , later passed to the Prussian minister Christian von Haugwitz and finally passed to the Henckel von Donnersmarcks . The city's economic situation worsened as more and more people left the city, which was now largely dominated by agriculture , as a result of the decline in trade and handicrafts in Kłobuck . In 1807 the city, like its surrounding area, became part of the French satellite state Duchy of Warsaw , which was converted into the Russian- dominated Congress Poland in 1815 after the deposition of Napoleon . In 1810 the canon monastery was closed. Large parts of Kłobuck fell victim to one of the many city fires in the same year, after which it was decided to only build stone houses. However, this and the construction of highways hardly changed the poor location of the city. In 1863 the town had only 2,192 inhabitants, after which in 1870 the town charter was revoked by order of Tsar Alexander II Kłobuck and the municipality of Kamyk was incorporated.
It was not until 1917 that Kłobuck received its town charter again. This was also reflected in the development of the city, which has now overcome its misery and in 1921 once again had 6,582 inhabitants. In 1922 the villages of Zagórze and Zakrzew were incorporated, after which the number of inhabitants rose to 8,952 after further incorporations in the 1930s. The city was also connected to the coal mainline , today's Chorzów – Tczew railway . Right at the beginning of the attack on Poland , the Battle of Mokra took place not far from the city, in which the German 4th Panzer Division was captured and defeated by a Polish cavalry brigade. After the Second World War , the city was expanded and in 1952 the Powiat Kłobucki was created, which gave the city greater importance as a district town.
Attractions
Parish church
The parish church, dedicated to Saint Martin of Tours and Saint Margaret , was founded by Piotr Dunin. The church took on the function of the old Bartholomäuskirche. The late Gothic building of the church was built between 1466 and 1480 by the canons, who had lived in the adjoining monastery since 1454. Jan Długosz, the builder from Kraków, was responsible for the construction work. Jan Długosz was of great importance for the development of the parish and among other things donated liturgical equipment for the parish church, which is still part of the church treasury today. Around 1623 the church was rebuilt in the early Baroque style , which was followed by rebuilding in 1670, 1796 and 1810.
The interior of the church has a barrel vault and fittings from the Baroque era, including a choir stalls , a ship's pulpit and a gallery with the organ. In addition, the rococo side altars deserve attention, the right of which is adorned with a picture of Anna herself from the 18th century and the left of a Gothic painting of Our Lady with the Child Jesus from the 15th century. In addition, some relics from the Gothic have been preserved, such as the octagonal, stone baptismal font with the Polish eagle or the Wieniawa - heraldic shield from the 15th century, which comes from the old Bartholomew parish church, embedded in the church wall .
Only the west wing from the 15th century remained of the old monastery, which was redesigned in 1601 and towards the end of the 19th century. In addition, the nearby granary, which also dates back to the 15th century, belonged to the monastery.
Palace in Zagórze
The palace in its current form was built for Christian von Haugwitz between 1795 and 1800 in the neo-Gothic style. The palace is surrounded by a palace park. There are plans to renovate the castle and set up a Długosz Museum in it.
The local market square is surrounded by 19th century houses, with the oldest building dating back to the 18th century.
traffic
The Kłobuck service station is on the Chorzów – Tczew railway line .
local community
Kłobuck is the capital of an urban and rural municipality with 10 districts:
- Kamyk
- Lobodno
- Biala
- Ligota
- Gruszewnia
- Libidza
- Nowa Wieś
- Borowianka
- Copy c
- Rybno
literature
- Lech Szaraniec: Zabytkowe ośrodki miejskie; Górny Śląsk i Małopolska . Muzeum Śląskie, Katowice 1996, ISBN 83-85039-52-X (Polish book about historical city facilities in Upper Silesia and Lesser Poland, including Kłobuck)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .