Krzepice
| Krzepice | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | Kłobuck | ||
| Area : | 27.71 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 58 ′ N , 18 ° 44 ′ E | ||
| Height : | 260 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 4456 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Postal code : | 42-160 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 34 | ||
| License plate : | SKL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | DK43 Częstochowa - Wieluń | ||
| Rail route : | Herby-Oels | ||
| Next international airport : | Katowice | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Urban and rural municipality | ||
| Gmina structure: | 13 towns | ||
| 7 school offices | |||
| Surface: | 78.94 km² | ||
| Residents: | 9150 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Population density : | 116 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 2406023 | ||
| Administration (as of 2014) | |||
| Mayor : | Krystian Kotynia | ||
| Address: | ul.Częstochowska 13 42-160 Krzepice |
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| Website : | www.krzepice.pl | ||
Krzepice [ kʒɛ'pʲitsɛ ] is a city on the north-western border of the Silesian Voivodeship in Poland . It is located about 16 km northwest of the district town of Kłobuck and about 32 km northwest of Częstochowa on the Liswarta in historic Lesser Poland .
history
Already in the 12th century a castle wall was built near today's Krzepice . This served to secure the inner Polish borders between the Duchy of Silesia , Duchy of Krakow and Duchy of Greater Poland , which met in the damp valley of the Liswarta . Later a castle was built, which was given a stone structure around 1364. King Casimir the Great was of great importance to the development of the city. After renouncing the Silesian duchies in the Treaty of Namslau , he had defenses built along the new Bohemian- Polish border. The Krzepice Castle also served this purpose, securing a nearby trade route that led from Bohemia to the Baltic Sea and which is why a customs post was built in Krzepice. Krzepice remained temporarily attached to the Diocese of Wroclaw and also sold Wroclaw beer in Lesser Poland.
In Krzepice, the founding document for Częstochowa was written by Kasimir on August 24, 1356 , where he first mentioned the place name Krzepice . The town, which received Polish town charter in 1357, was probably founded in 1356. With town charter, Krzepice received numerous privileges that accelerated the development of the town. The newly founded city attracted many German settlers and was provided with a large, almost square ring and a checkered road network. The parish church of St. James was built on the northwest corner of the ring, next to which the canon monastery was founded in 1466 . However , Krzepice did not receive any city walls , as the natural conditions and the nearby castle offered sufficient protection. Ecclesiastically, the city belonged to the diocese of Krakow , but it was the Archbishop of Gniezno, Jaroslaw I. Bogoria , who granted the parish church the right to collect the tithe and made it subordinate to the Archbishopric of Gniezno . In 1370 Krzepice fell as a fief to the Opole Duke Wladislaus II , who lost it again in 1397 to the Polish king Władysław II Jagiełło . Krzepice then became the Starostei , which was subordinated to the Wieluń castellan and the Sieradz Voivodeship . An important economic impetus came in 1407, when the same king gave the townspeople permission to clear the surrounding forests and create gardens. In general, Krzepice's proximity to the border and the nearby trade route brought about an economic boom and great commercial activity, which was confirmed in 1450 by Casimir IV Jagelonnicus , expressed the Thursday market and the three different marketplaces of the city: the Great Market Place, the Small Market Place and the Salt Market. In 1436 the new market square received a hospital. Mutinous soldiers looted the city and the surrounding area in 1455.
Finally, on March 15, 1552 , King Sigismund II established the boundaries of the city area, after converting Krzepice's municipal law into Magdeburg's municipal law on April 16, 1527 . In 1536 there were five buckwheat mills in the urban area , which represented an important branch of the economy and produced Krzepice buckwheat . In addition to five weavers and many salt traders, eight schnapps distilleries and two breweries have been handed down to us in 1581. In the 16th century, work began on the castle, which was subsequently turned into a fortress.
The decline of the city and the decline in the number of inhabitants were primarily initiated by the city fire of 1656, which was followed by five more, benefiting from the exclusively wooden buildings. Epidemics and wars made the situation worse. The influx of Jews into the city, which began at this time, brought a slight improvement in the situation. In 1730 they built their neo-classical synagogue and at the end of the century they were given a separate district with Nowokrzepice . In the following years more and more Jews settled in the city and in 1857 the Jewish part of the population was 1057, which was almost half of the city's population. In 1793, the city was annexed by Prussia during the Second Partition of Poland and incorporated into the new province of South Prussia . At that time, the demolition of the ruined castle began. After the brief Prussian rule, the city found itself in the Kalisz department of the Napoleonic Duchy of Warsaw in 1807, before joining the Congress Poland formed from it in 1815 . For the participation of Krzepice citizens in the January uprising , the city was stripped of its town charter by the Russian side in 1870. At the turn of the century, the city's situation improved, even if it never continued its heyday. In 1909 there was a water mill, a brick factory and a soda factory in Krzepice. The city also had a town hall, a court, an amateur theater and two schools. During the German occupation in the First World War , the city was given city rights again in 1915. In 1926 the city was connected to the railway network and in 1927 the last stone fragments of the fortress were torn down.
During the invasion of Poland in 1939, the city was occupied by German troops and came, contrary to international law, to the district of Blachstädt in the new " East Upper Silesia ". The long tradition of the Jewish community in Krzepice ended in 1942 when the Krzepice Jews were murdered in the Auschwitz concentration camp in 1942 . But other parts of the population also fell victim to the National Socialists.
After the invasion of the Red Army , Krzepice became Polish again. In 1950 the city became part of the Katowice Voivodeship , was part of the Częstochowa Voivodeship from 1975 , and was then assigned to the Silesian Voivodeship after the last Polish administrative reform in 1999 . During the floods in Poland in 1997, Krzepice was not spared either. The flood of water from the Liswarta flooded the surrounding areas, tearing one bridge in Krzepice with it while another was damaged.
Attractions
In addition to the medieval town complex with its buildings from the 18th and 19th centuries, the following buildings are among the most important sights of Krzepice:
Parish Church of St. Jacob
The parish church was founded by Casimir the Great before 1357 and the first building was dedicated to St. James . A single-nave, Gothic church was built, which is still there today in the form of a choir . As a result, the church was rebuilt several times, especially after fires. The most important renovation was headed by Valentin von Säbisch in 1628 . The nave was raised and the Joseph chapel added. The baroque tower and the roof turret followed later .
Some church windows, two Gothic portals from the 15th century and, as far as possible, the choir, which, like the rest of the church, was stripped of baroque plastering in the 1950s, have been preserved from the Gothic period. However, the masonry of the Gothic choir was in poor condition, so it was restored in 1954 and 1955 with bricks made from the destroyed oil . There is a Renaissance portal in the church choir . But it is dominated by elements of the Baroque , including a crucifix from the 17th century, the gallery with the Baroque organ from the 18th century, the pulpit and beyond a confessional of the rococo . A reliquary from 1577 and a monstrance from 1750 also deserve attention.
To the south is the main building of the former canon monastery, which today serves as a rectory. It was built between 1486 and 1526 and then rebuilt several times. However, there are still cross vaults in some of the interiors .
Synagogue and Jewish cemetery
The classical synagogue was built around 1820. Today it is a relic of the Jewish community of Krzepice, is no longer used and only exists as a ruin. Four columns and a plaque with a bas-relief have been preserved on the facade .
Also worth seeing is the Jewish cemetery where around 670 graves can still be found.
fortress
The fortress of Krzepice on the Liswarta replaced the old castle, which was destroyed in 1526. In 1588 a residence of the Starost followed, which was converted from 1655 to 1671 into a fortress based on the Dutch concept. Today nothing can be seen of the development, only the earth walls and trenches give an impression of the square complex, the corners of which were connected to bastions .
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Krzepice is located on the national road 43 from Częstochowa to Wieluń . On June 30, 2008, the construction of a bypass began, which is to be completed after 18 months of construction.
The railway line No. 181 between Herby and Wieluń-Dąbrowa, which was laid out in 1926 and has a stop here , also runs through the town .
local community
The town of Krzepice is the capital of the town and country municipality of the same name , which consists of Krzepice and the following 12 localities (population as of December 31, 2005):
- Dankowice Pierwsze (350 inhabitants)
- Dankowice Drugie (270 inhabitants)
- Dankowice Trzecie (175 inhabitants)
- Dankowice Piaski (201 inhabitants)
- Lutrowskie (261 inhabitants)
- Podłęże Królewskie (168 inhabitants)
- Stanki (90 inhabitants)
- Starokrzepice (1336 inhabitants)
- Szarki (272 inhabitants)
- Zajączki Pierwsze (920 inhabitants)
- Zajączki Drugie (970 inhabitants)
- Zajączki Pierwsze-Ruda
literature
- Lech Szaraniec: Zabytkowe ośrodki miejskie; Górny Śląsk i Małopolska . Muzeum Śląskie, Katowice 1996, ISBN 83-85039-52-X (Polish book about historical city facilities in Upper Silesia and Lesser Poland, including Krzepice)
Web links
- Official website of the city (Polish)
- Private website about Krzepice (Polish)
- City administration information page (Polish)
- Krzepice on the Powiat website (Polish)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ↑ a b Website of the Główny Urząd Statystyczny (Main Statistics Office), Gmina miejsko-wiejska, Krzepice, Powiat Kłobucki PDF file, accessed on June 2, 2014
- ↑ See krzepice.pl ( Memento of the original from June 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
