Königswartha Castle
The Koenigswartha Castle is located on the southern edge of the village of the same name Koenigswartha in Saxony Bautzen district . It was built at the end of the 18th century and belongs to the Free State of Saxony . Located in the water-rich Upper Lusatian heath and pond area, it has been home to a technical college for inland fishing since the late 1940s .
history
In the western area of the palace complex there was a moated castle as early as the 13th century, which was supposed to secure the old road from Bautzen to Hoyerswerda as the control room for the King of Bohemia . The fortification, from which the place name Königswartha is derived, was evidently the residence of Suidegerus de Warta in 1238. In 1268 the castle came into the possession of the von Schreibersdorf family. The Lords of Pannewitz lived in the castle from 1350 to 1550 . From the possession of Valentin von Hennigke, the estate passed into the possession of Friedrichen von Paschen in 1558, who in turn sold it to Hans Christoph von Ponickau . From 1626, there was an additional property in addition to the main property that belonged to the von Schreibersdorf family and later came to the Lord von Gödaw. After his death, both properties were merged by Haubold von Schleinitz .
The Saxon elector , who owned Königswartha as one of the largest Upper Lusatian manors until 1661 , sold the manor to the war council and governor Hans Adolph von Haugwitz . His son and heir Adolph Günther died at the age of 30, whereupon his widow, born von Hocke, married a Mr. von Luttitz auf Räckelwitz and Königswartha Adolph Günther's daughter Anna Katharina fell to. She was married to Gottlob Christian Vitzthum von Eckstädt , with whom she lived in the castle, also known as the Old Palace, from 1700. In 1738 their daughter Auguste Wilhelmine married the imperial count Johann Casimir von Dallwitz . Their son, Johann Carl Friedrich von Dallwitz , had the old castle demolished and today's castle built between 1780 and 1796. He died in the year the new building was completed and bequeathed it to his younger brother Johann Maximilian.
.jpg)
Around 1811, the manor house was bought by the Prussian chief bailiff Johann Christoph Steinkopf at auction and thus came into civil hands for the first time. After his death in 1828 the castle passed to his older son Johann Carl Friedrich Christoph, who in turn sold it to his son-in-law Ferdinand Bruno Erdmann von Rabenau in 1836 . After 1904 it came into the possession of the Kluge family, who had the still existing moats of the old castle filled in between 1923 and 1926. In the course of the land reform , the castle was expropriated from the brothers Herbert and Gerhard Kluge in 1945 and was then to be demolished. In view of the carp and tench fishing in the numerous ponds in the area, which has been practiced for more than 500 years, a school for inland fishing with a pond management test station was set up in the castle in 1948 and 1949 by resolution of the Saxon State Parliament . It was continued after 1990 as a technical school for training and advanced training as well as applied research in the field of fish farming and is now subordinate to the Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology as the fishing authority . The orangery belonging to the castle was rebuilt in 1950 and served from then on as a biological research station. It was reconstructed from 1992 to 1993 and today houses a scientific research room and a library. Since 2007 it has also been available for weddings. The building south of the orangery was built in the late 1970s and functions as the boarding school for the fishing school. However, the listed castle is not accessible to tourists.
Building description
The castle with a hipped roof was erected as a two-storey building with 15 axes on a rectangular floor plan. It is 41 meters long and twelve meters wide. Built in the late Baroque style, it already shows classical forms.
The facades of the palace were kept rather simple with simple pilaster strips and parapet panels. The white pillars and frames contrast the yellowish color of the fillings. The elongated entrance front or courtyard side is structured with a barely visible risalit . The garden side, on the other hand, is dominated by a central projecting rounded on the sides with an attached mezzanine.
The interiors were also designed unpretentiously. The simple pillars of the hallway were fitted with arched belts. Carved wooden supraports were installed over several doors . On the first floor there are primarily former utility rooms and servants' rooms around a corridor with rounded niches and around the similarly structured garden hall on the south side. The former servants' rooms are on both sides of the corridor and next to the main staircase and a right-angled secondary staircase. To the west of the garden room, which is divided by a column arrangement, there are three vaulted storage and utility rooms in addition to the kitchen. On the upper floor, the main hall extends over the full width of the central projection on the garden side. Like the garden hall, the main hall, which was raised a little in 1896, is rounded on the inside and equipped with niches. It receives a lot of light through five balcony doors and circular windows above them. Areas above the round niches and parts of the inner wall were provided with openings that probably led to an attic for musicians via the dining room. On the courtyard side, the dining room was as wide as the main hall. It was later divided into three rooms. The once stately living room and bedroom are located in the side wings of the castle.
Four life-size sculptures made of sandstone stand on profiled plinths in front of the pillars of the garden front . They belong to the original holdings of the castle and represent gods from Roman mythology . To the west is Saturn devouring a boy, next to Venus with a dolphin, followed by Juno with a peacock and Jupiter with a lightning bolt. The entrance front is adorned with six more sandstone figures. They come from Balthasar Permoser's Dresden workshop and were probably created there in the first quarter of the 18th century. They originally belonged to the manor house in Luga , but were brought to Königswartha in 1946 for fear of destruction. The order in which they are set up corresponds to the original set-up in Luga. From left to right, Bacchus , the allegorical figures of summer and spring, Apollo, and autumn and winter rest on ornate pedestals . The total of ten sandstone figures, which had been left defenseless against the weather for centuries, were restored in a workshop in Bautzen in 2012. New pedestals were made for the four sculptures on the garden side , which were modeled on the old pedestals that had become too brittle.
The orangery to the east of the castle is an elongated, rectangular building with a hilted gable roof and eight square wooden columns. Inside it is extended by a semicircular niche, behind which the gardener's living quarters were once located. The stable buildings of the farmyard in the north or north-west position of the castle are vaulted on the inside and on the outside at the level of the ground floor have simple pillar templates with arched panels . The pillars of the entrance gates to the castle courtyard have simple Empire vases.
Interior
Most of the valuable interior of the castle was lost in the Second World War . The rooms were mainly furnished with rococo furniture from the time it was built. There were four small Rococo tables in the garden room. The inventory of the main hall on the upper floor was once kept in both Rococo and Empire styles. Consoles with vases sat on broad pillars. On three-legged wooden frames, almost two meters high, there were console plates with seven spouts each , which were probably used for lighting. A tortoiseshell- framed Boulle clock stood on a console with leaf ornamentation, and beneath it in front of a walled-up door was a two-legged table. In front of three pillars were elliptical wooden pedestals with gilded decorations. Plaster busts of King John , King Friedrich August the Righteous and Queen Maria stood on them. Vases also adorned pedestals in the niches. The armchairs and two sofas were white and gold-plated with red plush covers, as were the chairs with a circular seat and oval backrest, which resembled the original chairs in the Baroque Neschwitz Palace. Richly carved curtain rods were attached to the balcony doors, and rectangular mirrors to the window pillars. The tops of the small tables were made of different colored marble.
On the north wall of the main hall were two portraits, 92 by 125 centimeters, executed in oil on canvas. They were made in Vienna in 1755 by a painter named Hagelganß and showed Heinrich Christian Reichsgraf von Kayserling in a black robe with a white lace collar and his wife Katharine Erdmuthe Countess von Kayserling in a pink dress with lace sleeves.
Park
The castle has a park that is open to the public, with an area of 2.6 hectares to the west of the B 96 partially surrounded by a quarry stone wall and bordered on the other side by a mill ditch derived from the Hoyerswerda Black Water. The tomb of Ferdinand Bruno Erdmann von Rabenau (1809–1870) and his family is located between flowering bushes in the southern part of the English landscape style. Originally there was a crypt of Rabenau's at this point, but it was filled in in 1993 because it was dilapidated. All that remains is a grave slab. The park gate was probably only erected at the entrance to the park after 1945 and probably comes from Guteborn Castle . In 1999 it was restored.
At the large pond in the park, opposite the castle, there are two mighty pedunculate oaks . Next to them there were temporarily two deer figures made of gilded zinc sheet, which originally belonged to the castle in Kauppa , which was destroyed in the war . They were removed in the 1960s and melted down for secondary raw material extraction. Formerly there was also an approximately 130 centimeter tall sandstone figure in the park, which came from the time the castle was built and presumably represented a fool, as well as a vase decorated with leaf hangings in the Empire style on a cube-shaped base.
With the construction of the new palace, Johann Carl Friedrich von Dallwitz had a baroque garden laid out. Since the wood-covered place he chose, the so-called "Winz", had mainly barren soil, when the earth's surface was being filled up, a Bronze Age burial place was found. The numerous urns and utensils made of metal and clay as well as a sacrificial hearth made of stones had von Dallwitz, who, as a connoisseur of archeology, recognized the value of the finds, carefully traced by a Dresden artist. Von Dallwitz then published the resulting colored images in an almost 200-page folio volume under the title “Königswartha subterranea”. The baroque garden, which was finally completed, was transformed into an English landscape park around 1800.
The Königswartha Palace Park is a contractual cooperation partner of the garden culture trail on both sides of the Neisse .
literature
- Hans Maresch, Doris Maresch: Saxony's palaces and castles . Husum, 1st edition, 2004, ISBN 3-89876-159-2 , pp. 123-124.
- Falk Lorenz: A small park at the fishing school. Königswartha Castle Park . In: Ernst Panse (ed.): Park guide through Upper Lusatia . Lusatia Verlag , Bautzen 1999, ISBN 3-929091-56-9 , pp. 105-108.
- Cornelius Gurlitt : Königswartha . In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 31. Booklet: Bautzen Official Authority (Part I) . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1908, p. 137.
Web links
- Königswartha Castle on sachsens-schlösser.de
- Königswartha Castle on bernievancastle.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Michel Havasi: Experience old Saxon showpieces in a new splendor ( Memento of the original from December 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: Lausitzer Rundschau , August 26, 2009.
- ↑ Entry on Königswartha Castle in the private database "Alle Burgen". Retrieved September 16, 2015.
- ↑ a b 50 years Fischereischule Königswartha ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: Fischer & Angler in Saxony . Issue 2/1999 ( PDF file; 572.34 kB; pp. 27–28).
- ↑ cf. koenigswartha.net
- ↑ Matthias Pfeifer: Baroque sculptures from the castle come to the sanatorium . In: Königswartha currently . Official journal of the municipality of Königswartha, June 8, 2012, p. 17 (PDF file; 2 MB).
- ↑ cf. steinmetz-duennbier.de ( Memento of the original from November 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Homepage garden culture path on both sides of the Neisse, members and cooperation partners , accessed on June 4, 2018
Coordinates: 51 ° 18 ′ 27 ″ N , 14 ° 19 ′ 36.6 ″ E