Johann Andreas Schubert

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Johann Andreas Schubert

Johann Andreas Schubert (born March 19, 1808 in Wernesgrün ; † October 6, 1870 in Dresden ) was a German engineering scientist , entrepreneur , professor of mechanical engineering and civil engineering and director of the Dresden Technical College .

Life

Schubert's grave in the Inner Matthew Cemetery
Memorial plaque for JA Schubert at Friedrichstrasse 46 in Dresden
Schubert with the Saxonia

Schubert, the son of a day laborer , grew up with foster parents in Leipzig . The foster father was the Leipzig police chief Ludwig Ehrenfried von Rackel. That is why he began his school education at the Thomas School in Leipzig , which he continued after the death of his foster father at the Königstein Fortress Garrison School and at the Freemason Institute in Dresden-Friedrichstadt .

From 1824 he studied construction (master builder, architecture) at the building school of the Academy of Fine Arts in Dresden . During his studies, he got to know the technical side of mechanical engineering as a trainee in the workshop of the engineer and inspector of the mathematical-physical salon Rudolf Sigismund Blochmann .

In 1828, at the age of 20, he got a job as a teacher for accounting and second teacher for mathematics at the newly founded "Royal Technical Educational Institute Dresden", the predecessor of the TU Dresden based in the Brühl garden pavilion . In 1832 Schubert was appointed professor. His subjects were now mechanical engineering and railway construction. His knowledge in this area expanded in particular on a trip to England in 1834. He was the first teacher of mathematical and technical sciences at the Technical College in Dresden and at the same time teacher of mathematical sciences at the building school of the Academy of Fine Arts in Dresden.

In 1836 the mechanical engineering institute Übigau was founded , and Schubert became its technical director and chairman of the board of directors. In the same year he was a co-founder of the Saxon Elbe Steamship Company . Queen Maria was completed in Übigau in 1837 , at that time the first steamship on the Upper Elbe; a year later the steamer Prinz Albert followed . Both steamships were designed by Schubert. At the opening of the first German long-distance railway line between Leipzig and Dresden on April 8, 1839, Schubert drove behind the official train with the first functional steam locomotive " Saxonia ", designed and built in Germany from 1837 to 1839 powered by two English locomotives. Economic success did not appear for him. In 1839 Schubert canceled his contract with the Actien-Maschinenbau-Verein and became a university lecturer again.

But here, too, problems awaited him. When the director of the educational institution was appointed in 1843, August Seebeck from Berlin was preferred to him. After Schubert's death in 1849, he was appointed acting director, but was replaced by Julius Ambrosius Hülße in 1850 . From 1850 on, Schubert changed his teaching area to civil engineering , namely road , rail and bridge construction . In 1851 he became head of the school's civil engineering department.

Schubert made particular contributions to the construction of the Elstertal and Göltzschtal bridges . A competition was announced for the latter. Of the 81 suggestions received, none could prove the structural safety. Schubert was head of the examination committee. He then designed a solution himself, taking into account his experience with static calculations, and also used individual suggestions from the suggestions received. Its calculation was based on the new, mathematically founded support line theory . This made the bridge the first statically calculated bridge in the world. With over 26 million bricks, it is also the largest brick bridge in the world.

In 1859 Schubert received the Knight's Cross of the Saxon Order of Merit . In 1869 he retired from university and was appointed to the government council.

Schubert was married twice. His first marriage to Laura Florentine, b. Dennhardt (1809–1851), had a son and a daughter, the second with Sophie, née. Eben (1825–1900), four daughters. He died in Dresden on October 6, 1870. His grave is in the Inner Matthäusfriedhof in Friedrichstrasse.

Honors

  • In his honor, a building belonging to the TU Dresden in Dresden's Südvorstadt bears the name Andreas-Schubert-Bau.
  • On the occasion of his 200th birthday, TU Dresden organized an academic ceremony and a public Schubert day in July 2008.
  • Stamps in honor of Schubert and his achievements were issued in 1985 and 2008.
  • A plaque commemorates him on the house where he was born in Wernesgrün.

Works

  • Manual of Mechanics for Practitioners, or: The basic principles of mechanics related to the construction of machines and to architecture , Arnoldische Buchhandlung Dresden, 1832;
  • Elements of machine theory: On the material of machine parts and their construction ...... , 2 vol., 1842/44, Reprint Nabu Press 2011, ISBN 978-1-270-83299-7
  • Theory of the construction of stone arch bridges , 2 volumes, 1847/48;
  • Contribution to the correction of the theory of turbines , 1850, Reprint Nabu Press 2011, ISBN 978-1-179-84695-8

literature

  • Arthur Weichold: Johann Andreas Schubert. Life picture of an important university professor and engineer from the time of the industrial revolution , Leipzig Urania 1961
  • Thomas Hänseroth , Klaus Mauersberger:  Schubert, Andreas. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 23, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-428-11204-3 , p. 606 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Manfred Bachmann (Ed.): Prof. Johann Andreas Schubert - scientist and designer. In: Small chronicle of great masters - Erzgebirge we are proud of. Part 1, printer and publisher Mike Rockstroh, Aue 2000, pp. 43–46
  • Klaus Mauersberger: Schubert and Reuleaux - a missed paradigm shift? - For the 200th birthday of Johann Andreas Schubert (1808–1870). In: Stahlbau 77th vol. (2008), no. 12, pp. 880-892.
  • Karl-Eugen Kurrer : The History of the Theory of Structures. Searching for Equilibrium , Berlin: Ernst & Sohn 2018, p. 68f., P. 79, p. 466 and p. 997, ISBN 978-3-433-03229-9 .

Web links

Commons : Johann Andreas Schubert  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ TU Dresden: 200th birthday of Andreas Schubert ( Memento from March 14, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  2. ^ Photo in the Deutsche Fotothek
personal data
SURNAME Schubert, Johann Andreas
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German engineer, entrepreneur and university lecturer
DATE OF BIRTH March 19, 1808
PLACE OF BIRTH Wernesgrün
DATE OF DEATH October 6, 1870
Place of death Dresden