LDE - Saxonia
| LDE Saxonia | |
|---|---|
 Replica of the Saxonia from 1989
|
|
| Number: | 1 |
| Manufacturer: | Mechanical engineering institute Übigau , Dresden |
| Year of construction (s): | 1838 |
| Retirement: | until 1849 |
| Type : | B1 n2 |
| Gauge : | 1,435 mm |
| Length over buffers: | 8,730 mm |
| Fixed wheelbase: | 3,048 mm |
| Service mass: | 15 t |
| Top speed: | 50 km / h |
| Indexed performance : | 40 kW |
| Driving wheel diameter: | 1,524 |
| Impeller diameter: | k. A. |
| Number of cylinders: | 2 |
| Cylinder diameter: | 279 mm |
| Piston stroke: | 406 mm |
| Boiler overpressure: | 4.2 atm |
| Number of smoke tubes: | 88 |
| Heating pipe length: | 2,120 mm |
| Grate area: | 0.56 m² |
| Evaporation heating surface: | 24.2 m² |
| Locomotive brake: | Band brake |
The Saxonia locomotive of the Leipzig-Dresden Railway Company (LDE, original spelling in capital letters) was the first functioning steam locomotive built in Germany . It was built in a Dresden suburb in 1838, downgraded to a reserve locomotive in 1843 after more than 8,000 kilometers and scrapped in 1849. On the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the inauguration of the railway line, a replica was made in the 1980s.
history
The locomotive was designed by Johann Andreas Schubert . Schubert was inspired by the English COMET locomotive from the manufacturer Rothwell, Hick and Rothwell and analyzed and improved what he saw: Two coupled axles provided the drive and thus high tractive power, and a running axle for smooth running was added.
The development and construction of the locomotive took place in the mechanical engineering company Übigau near Dresden , which was founded on January 1, 1837 . Schubert was head of the company from the start. The construction of the locomotive was a technical and economic risk for the company. On the one hand, there was no technical experience and on the other hand there was no construction contract. The basis for his construction was taken from the British COMET . In December 1838, Saxonia carried out numerous test drives on the already completed section of track to the Weintraube station .
Schubert would have liked to let Saxonia pull the inaugural train of the Leipzig-Dresden Railway on April 7, 1839. But the LDE board of directors trusted the English locomotives more: the opening train from Leipzig to Dresden was carried by two English locomotives. The Saxonia - run by its builder Johann Andreas Schubert - followed him. On the way back, the locomotive is said to have been involved in an accident due to a switch that was intentionally set incorrectly by the British . The English had previously held the monopoly on locomotive construction and would not have allowed Schubert and his Saxonia to succeed. This anecdote came into being very late, in the 1930s, and is based on only one single, ultimately oral source. It is thus afflicted with all the problems of oral history and also originated in a very German-nationalistic environment. The truth of the story is greatly doubted today.
The Saxonia was used in the LDE's driving service. A mileage of 8,666 kilometers has been proven for 1843. In the same year it was downgraded to a reserve locomotive and scrapped in 1849. In 1853 a second locomotive named Saxonia was put into service by the LDE .
On April 12, 1840, the mechanical engineering company Übigau delivered another B1n2 locomotive named Phoenix to the LDE.
technical features
Technically, the Saxonia essentially corresponded to its English models. There is little information about the design of the boiler. The long bowl had riveted longitudinal seams, the standing bowl had a cylindrically vaulted ceiling. A flat plate on the standing kettle was used to hold the steam whistle and the spring balance safety valve . In the front part of the long boiler was the tall, slim steam dome . The grate was made movable.
The steam engine was designed as a two-cylinder internal drive with a simple internal lever control without a steam expansion stage. The second coupled axle was driven .
Both the coupling wheel sets and the running axle were firmly mounted in the frame. The spokes of the wheels were made of forged flat iron. Later cast iron wheel stars were installed. Because of the internal engine, the second coupling axle had to be designed as a bolster axle , which must be considered remarkable in view of the manufacturing possibilities at the time. A technical innovation was the trailing axle, which Schubert had intended primarily to improve driving characteristics. It was later thought to be dispensable and was expanded in 1840. From 1842, however, the operation of two-axle locomotives was prohibited for safety reasons, so that they had to be reinstalled.
As a brake was initially a spindle-operated band brake present, on top of the two driving wheels worked. Since it did not prove itself due to heavy wear, it was later removed again.
Replica
On October 11, 1985, a working group for the replica of the locomotive was founded at the Ministry of Transport of the GDR . It was planned to use this replica for the first time on April 8, 1989 on the occasion of the celebrations for the 150th anniversary of the first German long-distance railway between Leipzig and Dresden .
As with the Adler at the time , only a few original construction documents were available for the replica. A blueprint of the original drawings from 1838 served as the basis for the new design. The dimensions and technical data were taken from the book " History and explanatory description of steam engines, steam ships and railways " published by NNW Meißner in 1839 . It turned out to be problematic in advance that a replica with the old production techniques was not possible for various reasons. For example, the current technical regulations had to be observed for the manufacture of the boiler. The steam engine also caused particular headaches. Originally the Saxonia only had a simple lever control that did not allow any filling control. A Stephenson control with open rods was therefore provided for the replica of the Saxonia .
The construction and manufacture of the replica boiler was entrusted to VEB Dampfkesselbau Übigau in Dresden . This meant that almost exactly 150 years after the original boiler, the company should now also deliver the modern replica. All other components for the Saxonia , however, were supplied by various departments of the Deutsche Reichsbahn . The final assembly of the Saxonia was carried out in the Reichsbahn repair shop in Halle . The production of assemblies was carried out by the Dresden , Oebisfelde , Berlin-Pankow and Weißenfels railway depots , as well as the Wilsdruff refurbishment workshop .
The tender was built in the Waren (Müritz) site of the Neustrelitz depot . Originally, a largely original replica with a wooden frame made from overseas hardwood was planned. However, tests with a replicated buffer beam showed that such a wooden structure has a strong tendency to crack. For this reason, the tender frame was ultimately made in a welded construction with wooden cladding.
On October 1, 1988, the new locomotive in the Raw Halle was heated for the first time. 14 days later, the new locomotive showed its full functionality on a test drive to Eisleben . During the inspection run between Halle and Leipzig carried out on January 12, 1989, the locomotive achieved a high level of smoothness and good steam development even at a speed of 70 km / h.
The depot Leipzig Hbf Süd became the home depot for the new Saxonia. On April 8th and 9th, 1989, the new Saxonia led the remarkable parade of vehicles to mark the anniversary of the first German long-distance railway near Riesa .
The locomotive is owned by the DB Museum Nuremberg . After an overhaul in 2008 at the Meiningen steam locomotive works, the locomotive was temporarily operational. The no longer operational locomotive has been on loan at the Dresden Transport Museum since 2011 .
Philatelic appreciation
.jpg)
On September 5, 2013, Deutsche Post AG issued the Stamp Day series as a so-called plus stamp with a value of 58 + 27 euro cents on the 175th anniversary of the Saxonia steam locomotive. The design comes from the graphic artist Harry Scheuner from Chemnitz .
Web links
literature
- Günter Baldauf: From the history of Saxon locomotives. In: Erzgebirgische Heimatblätter . No. 5, 1980, ISSN 0232-6078 , pp. 124-126.
- Christian Kaißer: 175 years of the SAXONIA steam locomotive . in: Sächsische Heimatblätter 59 (2013) 4, pp. 358–361.
- Fritz Näbrich, Günter Meyer, Reiner Preuß: Lokomotivarchiv Sachsen 1.transpress VEB Verlag für Verkehrwesen, Berlin, 1983.
- Heinz Schnabel: The SAXONIA, original and reconstruction. In: model railroaders. No. 3, 1989, ISSN 0026-7422 .
- Heinz Schnabel: SAXONIA. Description and reconstruction of a historic locomotive. transpress VEB Verlag for Transport, Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-344-00351-8 .
- Verkehrsmuseum Dresden gGmH (Hrsg.): Germany goes mobile. 175 years of the Leipzig-Dresden Railway . Dresden 2014. ISBN 978-3-936240-03-0 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ C. Burghardt (Red.); German Reichsbahn; City Council of Radebeul; German Model Railway Association of the GDR; Festival Committee “150 Years of the Railway in Radebeul” (Ed.): Station Festival . 150 years of the railway in Radebeul. 16./17. July 1988. Program and railway history . Radebeul 1988, p. 7.
- ↑ The Leipzig-Dresden railway line through time ( Memento of the original from January 9, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Transport Museum: Germany becomes mobile , p. 35.
- ↑ Transport Museum: Germany becomes mobile , p. 36f.
- ↑ Transport Museum: Germany Becomes Mobile , p. 37.
- ^ Aktien-Maschinenfabrik Uebigau, Dresden
