Folk festival
Folk festivals are regionally typical festivals that are anchored in customs and usually have a very long tradition . They often refer to church festivals from the Middle Ages or typical regional customs. In Germany, folk festivals are celebrated differently in the smallest of villages and in large cities . Some have evolved from a fair over the centuries .
description
In contrast to city festivals and other major events , the appearance of a folk festival is shaped by the sometimes huge rides . Like the many other attractions - from the sausage stall to the festival tents - they are run by the showmen . Large folk festivals are attended by up to 500,000 people per day, but exact numbers are difficult to come by, as the area of a folk festival is usually freely accessible and every showman company represented at the festival is run as an independent company. In most cities, folk festivals take place on their own square, the fairground . But there are also folk festivals that take place in the city center and are more similar to city festivals. Depending on the form of organization, one also speaks of street festivals when, for example, the adjacent shops and companies on a shopping street come together. Folk festivals are often opened with the tapping of a beer keg by a high local politician in the community in which the festival takes place. While in Germany a folk festival is often composed of rides and booths of many different showmen by a so-called "place master", in other countries sometimes entire fairgrounds are equipped by a single showman. On the other hand, folk festivals in smaller towns, communities or districts (district festivals ) - often called fair or curb - where the focus is less on the rides than on the festive activities.
In rural areas, attending your own fair or those of neighboring villages / communities has a long tradition. A village fair is organized by the local fraternity , which is then visited by the fraternities in the surrounding area. In return, the organizing fraternity goes to the other people's festivals. As a rule, entry is free at a larger festival (often in a city) and the attractions have to be paid for individually. There are, however, exceptions such as the FunFair Boulevard in the Netherlands, where a lower entrance fee has to be paid, which can then be partially redeemed as a minimum turnover . In the Netherlands a price system is widespread in which the organizer sets a very low maximum price for the attractions. Since these are sometimes well below the usual prices of the rides, the travel times may then be shortened for cost reasons or the showmen subsidized by the organizer. At the largest fair in the Netherlands, the Tilburgse Kermis , the prices are made dependent on the current demand, so that when there is less crowding, a lower price is lured and when there is a higher volume, the prices are increased.
The Federal Association of German Showmen and Market Merchants is committed to a digital archive of the folk festival as a cultural asset with which a German showman archive is to be created as a scientific reference work for the folk festival as a cultural asset.
List of the largest folk festivals in Germany
The following list shows some of the largest and most famous German folk festivals - sorted by number of visitors. All figures are approximate , the number of visitors is subject to strong fluctuations due to the weather. It must also be pointed out that the comparability of the numbers is problematic, since different counting and estimation methods are used.
The subjective perception of the size of a festival is largely determined by the area occupied and the number of visitors per day. While the Cannstatter Wasen and Munich Oktoberfest (Wiesn) still clearly stand out from other German folk festivals in terms of area, the daily number of visitors shows several other festivals in smaller cities.
| Firmly | Number of visitors | year | place | Duration in days | Ø visitors per day | Area in ha | Note / source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oktoberfest (Wiesn) | 6,300,000 | 2018 | Munich | 16 | 395,000 | 31.0 | |
| Bremen Freimarkt | 4,400,000 | 2019 | Bremen | 17th | 259,000 | 12.0 | 2 locations |
| Largest fair on the Rhine | 4,250,000 | 2018 | Dusseldorf | 10 | 425,000 | 16.5 | |
| Cannstatter Volksfest (Wasen) | 4,000,000 | 2015 | Stuttgart | 17th | 235,000 | 18.0 | |
| Cranger fun fair | 3,900,000 | 2018 | Herne | 10 | 390,000 | 11.1 | |
| Kiel Week | 3,800,000 | 2015 | Kiel | 10 | 380,000 | 15.0 | entire city center |
| Hamburger Dom (Summer Cathedral) | 3,000,000 | 2015 | Hamburg | 30th | 100,000 | 16.0 | |
| Hamburger Dom (Winterdom) | 2,800,000 | 2009 | Hamburg | 31 | 90,000 | 16.0 | |
| Maschsee Festival | 2,400,000 | 2018 | Hanover | 19th | 125,000 | k. A. | |
| Hamburger Dom (Spring Cathedral) | 2,400,000 | 2015 | Hamburg | 30th | 80,000 | 16.0 | |
| Nuremberg fair (spring) | 2,300,000 | 2019 | Nuremberg | 16 | 145,000 | 10.0 | |
| Nuremberg fair (autumn) | 2,000,000 | 2019 | Nuremberg | 17th | 120,000 | 10.0 | |
| Libori | 1,800,000 | - | Paderborn | 9 | 200,000 | 70.0 | entire city center |
| Hamburg harbor birthday | 1,500,000 | 2013 | Hamburg | 3 | 500,000 | 15.0 | entire port |
| Schützenfest Hannover | 1,500,000 | 2013 | Hanover | 10 | 150,000 | 10.0 | |
| Grocery store | 1,500,000 | - | Oldenburg | 10 | 150,000 | 9.0 | |
| Michaeliskirchweih | 1,500,000 | - | Fuerth | 12 | 125,000 | 4.2 | |
| Stuttgart Spring Festival (Kleiner Wasen) | 1,500,000 | - | Stuttgart | 23 | 65,000 | 15.0 | |
| Gäuboden folk festival | 1,400,000 | 2013 | Straubing | 11 | 130,000 | 10.0 | |
| Pützchen's market | 1,350,000 | - | Bonn | 5 | 220,000 | 8.0 | |
| Bergkirchweih (Berch) | 1,300,000 | - | gain | 12 | 105,000 | 18.0 | |
| Sterkrad Corpus Christi fair | 1,200,000 | - | Oberhausen | 6th | 200,000 | 24.0 | |
| Hanse Sail | 1,000,000 | - | Rostock | 3 | 330,000 | 5.0 | |
| All Saints' Fair | 1,000,000 | - | Soest | 5 | 200,000 | k. A. | entire old town |
| Neuss citizens' shooting festival | 1,000,000 | - | Neuss | 5 | 200,000 | 3.0 | |
| Easter meadow | 1,000,000 | - | Bremen | 17th | 60,000 | 5.0 | |
| Rosenheim Autumn Festival | 1,000,000 | - | Rosenheim | 16 | 65,000 | 4.0 | |
| Palm fair | 900,000 | - | Recklinghausen | 9 | 100,000 | 35.0 | |
| Kiliani folk festival | 800,000 | - | Wurzburg | 16 | 50,000 | k. A. | |
| Stubble market | 800,000 | - | Vechta | 6th | 135,000 | 16.0 | |
| Annakirmes | 800,000 | - | Düren | 9 | 90,000 | 5.0 | |
| Erfurt Oktoberfest | 770,000 | - | Erfurt | 17th | 45,000 | k. A. | |
| Tree blossom festival | 750,000 | - | Werder (Havel) | 9 | 85,000 | k. A. | |
| Spring Festival Hanover | 740,000 | - | Hanover | 23 | 30,000 | 6.4 | |
| Heinerfest | 700,000 | - | Darmstadt | 5 | 140,000 | k. A. | |
| Worms Backfischfest | 700,000 | - | Worms | 9 | 80,000 | 17.0 | |
| May week | 700,000 | - | Osnabrück | 12 | 60,000 | k. A. | |
| Dürkheim sausage market | 685,000 | - | Bad Dürkheim | 9 | 75,000 | 4.5 | |
| Oktoberfest Hannover | 600,000 | - | Hanover | 17th | 35,000 | 6.0 | |
| Alster pleasure | 600,000 | - | Hamburg | 4th | 150,000 | k. A. | |
| Easter blarers | 600,000 | - | augsburg | 14th | 45,000 | 3.6 | |
| Herbstblärrer | 600,000 | - | augsburg | 14th | 45,000 | 3.6 | |
| Hamburg Cruise Days | 600,000 | - | Hamburg | 3 | 200,000 | k. A. | |
| Bocholt fair | 500,000 | - | Bocholt | 4th | 125,000 | 3.0 | |
| Eisleber Wiesenmarkt | 500,000 | - | Lutherstadt Eisleben | 4th | 125,000 | 8.0 | |
| Gallimarkt | 500,000 | - | Empty | 5 | 100,000 | k. A. | |
| Midsummer Night | 500,000 | - | Mainz | 4th | 125,000 | k. A. | |
| Rudolstadt bird shooting | 500,000 | - | Rudolstadt | 10 | 50,000 | k. A. | |
| Hochheimer Market | 500,000 | - | Hochheim am Main | 5 | 100,000 | 7.0 | |
| Kreuznacher fair | 500,000 | - | Bad Kreuznach | 5 | 100,000 | 6.2 | |
| Lullus Festival | 500,000 | - | Bad Hersfeld | 8th | 65,000 | 2.0 | |
| Erbacher meadow market | 500,000 | - | Erbach (Odenwald) | 10 | 50,000 | 6.0 | |
| Hüstener fair | 500,000 | 2018 | Arnsberg | 5 | 100,000 | 3.1 | Riggenweide |
| Wolfsburg rifle and folk festival | 450,000 | - | Wolfsburg | 10 | 45,000 | k. A. | |
| Linenwebermarkt | 420,000 | - | Bielefeld | 5 | 85,000 | k. A. | entire old town |
| October week | 400,000 | - | Warburg | 9 | 45,000 | k. A. | Fairground at the town hall |
| Brokser marriage market | 400,000 | - | Bruchhausen-Vilsen | 5 | 80,000 | 9.0 | |
| Haaner fair | 400,000 | - | Haan | 4th | 100,000 | 3.5 | largest fair in the Mettmann district |
| Sim-Jü (Simon Juda Market) | 400,000 | - | Werne | 4th | 100,000 | k. A. | |
| Autumn end | 400,000 | - | Muenster | 9 | 45,000 | 4.0 | |
| Spring end | 400,000 | - | Muenster | 9 | 45,000 | 4.0 | |
| Weekend at the Jade | 385,000 | - | Wilhelmshaven | 4th | 95,000 | k. A. | |
| Annentag in Brakel | 350,000 | - | Brakel | 4th | 90,000 | k. A. | |
| Blasheim market | 350,000 | - | Luebbecke | 4th | 90,000 | k. A. | |
| Weimar onion market | 350,000 | - | Weimar | 3 | 150,000 | k. A. | entire old town |
| Straw hat festival | 300,000 | - | Frankenthal (Palatinate) | 4th | 80,000 | 4.0 | |
| Wendsche Kärmetze | 300,000 | - | Turn | 3 | 100,000 | k. A. | largest folk festival in South Westphalia |
| Kronacher free shooting | 300,000 | - | Kronach | 11 | 27,000 | 1.5 | largest folk festival in the Franconian Forest |
| Speyer pretzel festival | 300,000 | - | Speyer | 6th | 50,000 | k. A. | |
| Lukasmarkt | 300,000 | - | Mayen | 8th | 40,000 | k. A. | |
| Beecker fair | 300,000 | - | Duisburg | 5 | 60,000 | k. A. | Beecker Kuhle |
| Muswiese | 300,000 | - | Red at the lake | 5 | 60,000 | k. A. | largest and oldest folk and home festival in the Hohenlohe-Franconia region |
| Summer broadcast | 250,000 | - | Muenster | 5 | 50,000 | 4.0 | |
| Öcher Bend (summer bend) | 250,000 | - | Aachen | 10 | 25,000 | 4.0 | |
| Franconian folk festival | 200,000 | - | Crailsheim | 4th | 50,000 | k. A. | second largest folk and home festival in the Hohenlohe-Franconia region |
| Martini fair | 200,000 | - | Dinslaken | 5 | 40,000 | k. A. | |
| Roonkarker Mart | 200,000 | - | Rodenkirchen | 5 | 66,000 | k. A. | |
| Öcher Bend (Easter Bend) | 200,000 | - | Aachen | 17th | 15,000 | 4.0 | |
| Big fair Ibbenbüren | 200,000 | - | Ibbenbueren | 4th | 50,000 | 3.6 | second largest inner city fair in North Rhine-Westphalia , largest folk festival in Tecklenburger Land |
| Königshöfer fair | 200,000 | - | Lauda-Koenigshofen | 10 | 20,000 | 4.0 | largest folk festival in the Tauberfranken region |
| Hoekerfest | 200,000 | 2018 | Herford | 5 | 40,000 | k. A. | entire city center |
| Memminger fair | 150,000 | - | Memmingen | 9 | 15,000 | k. A. | One of the most important events in the Memmingen region and the largest inner city fair in southern Germany . |
| Dürpfest | 100,000 | 2019 | Solingen-Ohligs | 3 | 33,000 | 1.0 | largest folk festival in the Bergisch city triangle (Wuppertal, Remscheid, Solingen) |
Traditional dates of the Bavarian folk festivals
Folk festivals in the first half of the year are based on the Easter calendar.
- The spring festival in Cham begins on the eve of Ascension Day and ends on the following Sunday.
- The Whitsun Festival in Bad Kötzting begins on Whitsunday Saturday and ends after 9 days on the following Monday.
- The spring festival in Ingolstadt takes place at the same time.
- The Schweinfurt Volksfest begins on the day after Corpus Christi and ends 10 days later on the following Monday.
The dates from July can usually be narrowed down to one date.
- The folk festival in Cham in the week of August 1st.
- The Gäubodenvolksfest takes place in the week in which the Assumption of Mary takes place .
- The Oktoberfest in Munich begins in the second half of September and ends in the first week of October.
- The Kirta in Dingolfing starts in the 3rd week of October.
List of Austrian folk festivals
The following list shows some of the largest and most famous Austrian folk festivals:
| Firmly | Number of visitors | place | Duration in days |
|---|---|---|---|
| Danube Island Festival | 3,500,000 | Vienna | 3 |
| Urfahraner market | 570,000 | Linz | 10 |
| St. Veiter meadow market | 500,000 | Sankt Veit an der Glan | 10 |
| Wels folk festival | 461,000 | catfish | 9 |
| Wieselburger Volksfest | 400,000 | Wieselburg | 6th |
| Rieder fair | 351,000 | Ried im Innkreis | 9 |
| Villach Church Day | 500,000 | Villach | 8th |
| St. Pölten folk festival | 200,000 | St. Polten | 10 |
| Wachau folk festival | 110,000 | Krems | 10 |
| Salzburg Dult | 105,000 | Salzburg city | 9 |
| Salzburg Rupertikirtag | 100,000 | Salzburg city | 5 |
| Mühlviertel folk festival | 50,000 | Free City | 4th |
| Pischelsdorf folk festival | 15,000 | Pischelsdorf in Styria | 4th |
| Passail Pentecost | 2,000 | Passail | 2 |
List of Swiss folk festivals
The following list shows some of the largest and most famous Swiss folk festivals:
| Firmly | Number of visitors | Surface in m² | place | Duration in days | Ø visitors per day |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Züri Fäscht | 3,000,000 | Zurich | 3 | 1,000,000 | |
| Basel autumn fair | 1,000,000 | Basel | 17th | 59,000 | |
| Albanifest ( city festival ) | 400,000 | 200,000 | Winterthur | 3 | 133,000 |
| Sechseläuten | Zurich | 4th | |||
| Boy shooting | 850,000 | Zurich | 3 | 280,000 | |
| OLMA | 370,000 | St. Gallen | 7th | 80,000 | |
| Imposition | Tuna | 3 | |||
| Bathing trip | 1,000,000 | Baden AG | 10 |
List of Luxembourg folk festivals
| Firmly | Number of visitors | Surface in m² | place | Duration in days | Ø visitors per day |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schobermesse | 2,000,000 | 25,000 | Luxembourg | 20th | 100,000 |
Oldest folk festivals in Germany
Libori is considered the oldest German folk festival because it can be traced back to an event in 836. The festival began in the 9th century and changed its name and location over the centuries.
For the age of the popular festivals in German-speaking countries, see the following table:
Modelling
There are model makers who model folk festivals. The rides are also reproduced as functional models equipped with light effects . There are functional models of many rides available in stores as kits.
fixing
At the request of the organizer , a folk festival according to § 60 b in conjunction with § 69 of the trade regulations can be set . This must be requested from the local regulatory or trade office . An application, a site plan with an overview of the stands and their dimensions as well as an extract from the central trade register and a certificate of good conduct for submission to an authority must be submitted as documents. The determination is subject to a fee. On the basis of a decision, the provider enjoys market freedom .
See also
- Fair , fair (fair) , protecting hard , Altstadtfest , city hard , open-air concert , Technoparade
- Ride , can throwing , showman , amusement park , marquee , flying construction
- Still life Ruhrschnellweg
literature
- Angelika Feilhauer: Celebrating festivals in Germany . A guide to folk festivals and customs old and new. Publishing house Sanssouci, Zurich 2000.
- Sibylle Spiegel: The festival visitor . Materials for the reception of public festivals in the present. Verlag S. Oettermann, Wiesbaden 1994.
Web links
- Folk festivals in Germany - 2,000 festivals with dates
Individual evidence
- ^ Greetings from Hans-Peter Arens, Honorary President - Federal Association of German Showmen and Market Merchants eV on kulturgut-volksfest.de , accessed on March 25, 2019
- ↑ Oktoberfest final report 2018 on muenchen.de, October 7, 2018, accessed on June 3, 2019
- ↑ Weser-Kurier.de: Freimarkt ends with a record number of visitors on November 3, 2019
- ↑ Report on 2018 at rp-online.de.
- ↑ Visitor numbers remain at a high level. in.Stuttgart Veranstaltungsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, October 9, 2015, accessed on September 25, 2016 .
- ↑ 3.9 million visitors flocked to the Cranger Kirmes 2018 on waz.de, from August 12, 2018, accessed on June 3, 2019
- ↑ Kiel Week 2015 - top balance at the end.
- ↑ Summer Cathedral 2015.
- ↑ Winter Cathedral 2009.
- ↑ Record attendance for the Maschsee Festival. Retrieved on August 20, 2018 (German).
- ↑ Spring Dome 2015.
- ↑ Over two million visitors came to the Spring Festival on nordbayern.de, May 12, 2019, accessed on May 13, 2019
- ↑ Herbstvolksfest takes stock: In the evening it was packed on nordbayern.de, from September 8, 2019, accessed on September 18, 2019
- ↑ New record: 1.8 million Libori visitors.
- ↑ Port birthday 2013.
- ^ Kramermarkt, advertised there as the fifth largest market.
- ↑ Stuttgart Spring Festival.
- ^ Idowa.de: New record at the Gäubodenvolksfest. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Nocturnal play of lights ends the record fair. General-Anzeiger (Bonn), September 17, 2014, accessed on October 31, 2014 .
- ↑ Brauverein website for Berch.
- ↑ Great visit , report from the WAZ.
- ↑ http://www.ndr.de/unterhaltung/events/Rund-eine-Million-Besucher-bei-Jubilaeums-Sail-,hansesail798.html ( Memento from August 10, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ All Saints' Fair. ( Memento of the original from July 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Weser Courier.
- ↑ Palm Fair.
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ NOZ.
- ↑ Düren. ( Memento of the original from August 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.thueringer-allgemeine.de/web/zgt/leben/detail/-/specific/Dreiviertel-Million-Besucher-beim-Erfurter-Oktoberfest-2042505524 http://erfurt.thueringer-allgemeine.de/ web / erfurt / startseite / detail / - / specific / 750-000-visitors-in-16-days-Erfurt-Oktoberfest-so-popular-and-so-bavarian-w-1174866336 http: //erfurt.thueringer-allgemeine .de / web / erfurt / startseite / detail / - / specific / Oktoberfest-hat-770000-visitors-729462225
- ↑ http://www.werder-havel.de/content/tourismus/tourismus_baumbluetenfest.php
- ↑ Peter Spengler: Monster Monday to an absolute record . In: Die Rheinpfalz , local edition Bad Dürkheimer Zeitung . Ludwigshafen September 19, 2012.
- ↑ a b Augsburger Plärrer: Numbers and facts.
- ↑ WORLD: Thuringia's biggest hype begins . In: THE WORLD . August 17, 2018 ( welt.de [accessed October 22, 2018]).
- ↑ http://www.rheingau.de/veranstaltungen/feste/hochheimer-markt Allgemeine Zeitung.
- ↑ Erbacher Wiesenmarkt
- ↑ Gifhorner Rundschau.
- ↑ '420,000 visitors: Bielefelder Leinewebermarkt cracks record', http://www.nw.de/lokal/bielefeld/mitte/21795946_420.000-Besucher-Bielefelder-Leinewebermarkt-knackt-Rekord.html , accessed on June 1, 2018
- ↑ Katharina Engelhardt: 26 facts worth knowing about the Warburg October week. Retrieved June 5, 2020 .
- ↑ The makers of Brokser Markt are satisfied brokser-heiratsmarkt.de, accessed on August 29, 2015.
- ↑ Haaner fair.
- ↑ Haaner Kirmes , rp-online.de, accessed on March 4, 2020.
- ^ Weimar onion market. ( Memento of the original from February 27, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Record attendance at the Straw Hat Festival . In: Die Rheinpfalz , complete edition . Ludwigshafen June 7, 2010.
- ↑ LokalPlus / LokalMedia GmbH: "Wendsche Kärmetze" 2019. Accessed on September 23, 2019 .
- ↑ Kronacher Freischiessen: data and facts. Retrieved August 15, 2019 .
- ↑ Beecker Kirmes 2015.
- ↑ Beecker Kirmes 2018.
- ↑ Öcher Bend.
- ↑ Franconian Folk Festival Crailsheim: Franconian Folk Festival. Retrieved September 13, 2017 .
- ↑ Martini Fair.
- ↑ Öcher Bend. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Statistics on the large fair in Ibbenbüren. ( Memento of the original from April 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ City of Lauda-Königshofen: Culture & Leisure, Events, Königshöfer Fair . Online at www.lauda-koenigshofen.de. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
- ↑ Moritz Winde: 200,000 visitors at the Hoeker Festival, more stars should come In: Westfalen-Blatt , June 11, 2018
- ↑ https://solingenmagazin.de/100-000-menschen-besuchen-das-duerpelfest/
- ↑ http://www.komet-pirmasens.de/Der%20Komet/volksfestplaetze/solingen-ohligs.html
- ↑ https://www.solinger-tageblatt.de/solingen/knapp-besucher-beim-duerpel-8336361.html
- ↑ http://duerpelfest-ohligs.de/
- ↑ a b Libori - historical background ( memento of the original from July 3, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Website paderborn.de. Retrieved November 2, 2015.
- ↑ Development and historical stratification of individual elements within a custom complex using the example of the "Lullus Festival" in Bad Hersfeld , inaugural dissertation for obtaining a doctorate from the Faculty of Social Sciences at the Philipps University of Marburg / Lahn, presented by Kurt Braun from Bad Hersfeld, Marburg 1975, Pages 18 and 25.
- ^ Website of the Hüstener Kirmes.
- ↑ Elbe-Kurier from September 25, 2010.
- ↑ http://www.haaner-kirmes.de/index.php?article_id=106
- ↑ First documented mention in a statement from the Grüninger Hospital . See Klaus Militzer: The Markgröninger Heilig-Geist-Spital in the Middle Ages. A contribution to the economic history of the 15th century . Sigmaringen 1975.
- ^ Special supplement to the WZ from August 17, 2011.
- ^ Website of the Gesmold fair.
- ^ Esther Geißlinger: Digitization in the hill country: Desired Internet . In: The daily newspaper: taz . August 14, 2019, ISSN 0931-9085 ( taz.de [accessed on August 14, 2019]).
- ↑ Full text of the trade regulations - PDF file, accessed on November 14, 2018
