Flying construction
Temporary structures are by definition of the relevant building regulations of the German states and the German Institute for Standardization (DIN) " physical structures that are suitable and intended to be repeatedly set up and broken down." In other contexts, the terms Mobile Architecture or temporary architecture used .
Flying structures are, for example, fairground rides ( carousels , bumper cars , air swings, Ferris wheels , roller coasters, etc.), non-stationary grandstands , amusement shops, show booths, marquees and circus tents , temporary open-air stages and temporary stage roofs for concerts as well as temporary structures for artistic performances in the air. This also includes wagons that are temporarily used in a stationary manner.
Similar structures that are permanently installed in amusement parks or similar facilities do not count as temporary structures.
Special legal, static and structural requirements apply to temporary structures, which are stipulated in DIN EN 13 782 and 13 814 (formerly: DIN 4112), the "directive temporary structures" (FlBauR) and the state building regulations of the federal states. The Euro norms have not yet been introduced in building regulations, so that DIN 4112 continues to be the basis for dimensioning.
Approval
In Germany, the approval of such buildings (exceptions: see below ) is regulated in the respective state building regulations. Since these permits are mutually recognized by the federal states, the requirements for the permit are largely identical. Approval takes place in two stages.
In Switzerland, temporary structures are subject to the statutory provisions of the Federal Act on the Safety of Technical Facilities and Equipment (STEG) of June 18, 1993 , which largely correspond to the German provisions. TÜV Switzerland is responsible for issuing the implementation permit.
In Austria, too, no building permit is generally issued for temporary structures; instead, the implementation permit ("tent book") is used. Despite the lack of locality, temporary structures are also subject to the supervision of the building supervisory authority. If a temporary structure is tied to a specific location, for example because it has been erected in the same place for more than six months, a building permit is required. Otherwise, the provisions are largely based on the German guideline on the construction and operation of temporary structures.
Execution approval
Before temporary structures can be erected for the first time, they require a construction permit, which is granted for a maximum of five years, depending on the type. It is used to check the basic compliance of the system with the applicable regulations, the safety and stability of the system. Upon request, it can be renewed repeatedly for a maximum of another five years. It specifies whether the building must be approved by an expert before each commissioning - in addition to the official approval. Responsibility depends on the residence or company headquarters of the owner of the system. In the case of foreign owners, it is the place where the building will be made for the first time. The granting of an execution permit is usually linked to the acceptance by one or more recognized experts.
The execution permit includes further documents, such as seating plans with details of the escape routes for tents, construction drawings and calculations or information on electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic systems. Finally, a test book is created, in which all requirements are recorded.
Acceptance of use
A usage acceptance test must be agreed with the responsible local building authority in good time before any construction . It is checked whether the structure corresponds to the requirements of the test book. Every construction and change of ownership is recorded in the inspection book and every defect is noted.
Verification
The inspection of rides of any kind is required by law and recommended by manufacturers. Each system manufacturer provides the test plans. Especially with rotating and fast-moving rides, the risk of damages , compensation for pain and suffering, etc. is very high, as people can be harmed here. The test interval and the scope of the test can vary from state to state as well as depending on the type of ride.
Examples of test intervals
The test intervals depend on the size and the material loads and can vary despite the same flying structure. As a rule, however, the maximum test intervals are as follows.
- One year on looping runs (rail-bound), two-story ghost railways (rail-bound) and wild water runs
- Two years on single-storey ghost trains (rail-bound), roller coasters (rail-bound), rollover swings , carousels with hydraulic booms, ferris wheels (from 15 gondolas), car rides such as bumper cars, etc.
- Three years with tents, flyer carousels, carousels with a mezzanine, chain carousels, children's railways with roofs and Ferris wheels up to 14 gondolas.
Floor carousels (four years), children's railways without a roof (five years), and smaller tents (five years) have longer test intervals.
Further specifications
The specifications of the state building regulations can be supplemented or restricted locally by further regulations. The respective state governments can issue further stipulations by whom the approvals and acceptances are to be issued. In Lower Saxony, for example, approval has been granted by TÜV Nord since January 1, 2005 .
construction
The structural and static requirements are regulated by DIN EN 13 782 and 13 814 (formerly DIN 4112) and in some cases differ from those specified for permanent structures. They give certain load assumptions for the traffic loads - i. H. the loads caused by people, wind, impact - and make it possible, for example, to dispense with proof of stability against snow loads if no snow is expected.
Additional regulations and standards apply to the materials and connections used, as well as other load assumptions.
Further execution
The "Flying Buildings Directive" (FlBauR) defines the requirements for fire protection , escape routes, the heights of railings, the inclines of ramps, the lighting, the number of fire extinguishers, the equipment with information signs and other details.
Exceptions
So-called "non-licensing temporary structures" such as:
- Tents with a floor area of less than 75 m 2
- Flying structures with a height of up to five meters that are not intended for visitors to enter
- Children's rides up to a height of five meters and a maximum speed of 1 m / s
- Stages with a floor area of less than 100 m 2 if their floor height is less than 1.50 meters and the total height is less than five meters
- Toilet trolley
- Scaffolding
- moveable agricultural structures
- Construction site facilities
- Buildings used for national defense or disaster control
- Temporary structures that are erected in one place for more than three months. These need a temporary building permit or an individual decision regarding the installation time.
Regardless of the approval, these buildings must comply with general public building law of the federal and state governments. This governs u. a. the stability .
Scaffolding is not a temporary structure, but it does require a scaffolding permit (from certain dimensions, etc.).
Web links
- Information about temporary structures in Lower Saxony
- Guidelines for the construction and operation of temporary structures (version May 1999), works by the Building Inspectorate Basel-Stadt and TÜV (Switzerland) AG PDF file (102 kB)
- State of Vorarlberg: Necessary documents for temporary structures
- Model regulations and model decrees of the building ministers' conference of the Tema Flying Buildings
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Information Temporary Structures. With a link to Section 76 (8) of the Brandenburg Building Regulations (BbgBO), State of Brandenburg. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
- ↑ FlBauR - Guideline on the construction and operation of temporary structures. In: Lower Saxony Regulations Information System (NI-VORIS). State of Lower Saxony.
