Muswiese
The Muswiese is the oldest and largest fair in Hohenlohe . It takes place every year in October in Musdorf near Rot am See . Due to the corona pandemic, the Muswiese 2020 will not take place, the next one is planned for October 9-14, 2021.
history
The fair probably developed from the annual pilgrimage to the Church of St. Michael in Musdorf. The location of the location near an intersection of the running in the east-west direction historical Salzhandelsstraße Hall - Rothenburg and from Donauwörth over Crailsheim for Mergentheim pulling Kaiserstraße favored this fair. The origins of the Muswiese possibly go back to the middle of the 12th century, when Musdorf belonged to the area of the Lords of Bebenburg ; However, there is no evidence of this. The Nuremberg burgrave Friedrich V acquired a 2/3 share of the Bebenburg rule in 1380, and in 1405 the last third also fell to the burgraves.
The oldest mention of a market in Musdorf is in a land register from the Bebenburg Office of the Burgraviate of Nuremberg from 1434. According to this source, the annual market that took place there on St. Michael’s Day brought customs revenues of 15 guilders in average years . From this high yield compared to other markets in the region, it can be concluded that the market was already well established and had market rights at that time.
The territories of the Nuremberg burgraves in western Franconia came to the newly created principality of Ansbach in 1486 by dividing the inheritance . In the detailed market regulation, which was recorded in a Salbuch of the Bebenburg office in 1530 , the duration of the market was set for two days. The jurisdiction in matters of the market lay with the representatives of the ansbach-Brandenburg state rule: the bailiff in Crailsheim , his Kastner zu Wiesenbach and the mayor of Musdorf. The market peace was in effect within a mile of Musdorf. Stands on the market were raffled. The farmers had to pay a market duty when selling and buying cattle and food, while the craftsmen and shopkeepers were charged demurrage. In 1584 the market had already been held for three days.
The ansbach-Brandenburg rule had the right to escort on trunk roads for the areas between Königshofen in the north, Dinkelsbühl in the south, Rothenburg ob der Tauber in the east and Geislingen am Kocher in the west. All these paths converged between Blaufelden and Rot am See, and for this reason the market in nearby Musdorf was very popular for centuries.
From the years 1617 to 1649, the official accounts of the Bemberg caste office have been preserved, which provide information about the development of the market during the Thirty Years War . The Umgeld , which was levied on beverages dispensed, 1618 amounted to 98 guilders. In the following year it was only 40 guilders, possibly due to a lack of money. Between 1620 and 1626 the income was stable between 59 and 67 guilders, only in the inflation year 1622 the change brought in 142 guilders. The accounts for 1627 and 1628 are missing, in the years 1629 and 1630 the income from the change fell to 31 and 34 guilders respectively, in 1632 it was only 7 guilders, the following year again 35. From 1634 to 1637 and 1645 the Muswiese took place apparently not taking place. From 1640 onwards no more horses were sold, the increase in pigs and cattle fluctuated strongly.
In 1705, for example 4844 were on the Muswiese degree wine (about 4900 liters), 280 degree wheat beer , and 17 degree spirits served. Because of these drinks sales, a change of 18 guilders 15 kreuzers was levied. Based on the number of drinks served, the number of visitors was estimated at 5000 to 6000 people over four days.
The Wiesenbach office, to which Musdorf belonged, fell to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1806 . Bavaria ceded the western parts of the former principality of Ansbach to the Kingdom of Württemberg in 1810 . Due to the two changes of sovereignty, some of the traditional market taxes were dropped. The Muswiesenmarkt flourished between 1823 and 1843, but its importance declined in the second half of the 19th century. Around 1863 the market lasted eight days.
Due to the First World War , the Muswiesenmarkt did not take place from 1914 to 1920. The entire municipality of Rot am See acquired all market equipment (stalls, etc.) from the state for 500 paper marks in 1920 , and has been organizing the fair itself since 1921.
In 1949 and 2009, the Traber family performed on the high wire on the Muswiese.
Date and duration
According to the first documentary mention in 1434, the market took place on Michaelmas day, September 29th. In the Salbuch of 1530, the duration of the market was set on the day before Michaelmas and the whole of Michaelmas.
Around 1700, the market usually lasted three days: the pre-market or cattle market the day before, the “right market” on St. Michael’s Day and the aftermarket the following day. In bad weather on the actual market days, the Muswiese could be extended by a day or two. With the introduction of the Gregorian calendar in 1700, the Michaelmas “old calendar” was shifted to October 10th. The Michaelistag "new calendar" (29 September) was not wanted as the date for the Muswiesenmarkt, because on that day there was already a market in Königshofen. So initially they stayed with October 10th.
The market could still fall on different days of the week, which had disadvantages. If the day of the cattle market fell on a Saturday, the Jewish cattle dealers stayed at home and hardly any cattle were sold. In 1705 and 1710 the Hohenlohe counties forbade their subjects to visit the Sunday market. From 1712 onwards, the Muswiese was held from Tuesday to Friday in the week in which "old Michaelis" fell.
In the 19th century, the appointment was based on the Burkhardi calendar day , October 14th. The week in which Burkhardi fell was Muswiese from Tuesday to Saturday. During the heyday of the Muswiesenmarkt in the first half of the 19th century, the market started on Monday and, if the weather was bad, continued until Saturday or Sunday. In 1840, the district government forbade extending the market until Sunday. Due to the declining importance of the market, it was limited to Tuesday through Friday in 1888. From 1909 onwards it only took place for three days, from Tuesday to Thursday.
Today the Muswiese begins on a Saturday and lasts until Thursday. Monday is the day off.
Market customs
In Musdorf's Michaeliskapelle, the responsible pastor from Rot am See held a “market sermon” every year on the main market day. Since the introduction of the Reformation , this was the only service that was still held there regularly.
The "butcher's dance" may date back to the Middle Ages, but it probably wasn't created until the end of the Thirty Years' War. The first indirect mention can be interpreted as a ban on “dirty night dances” in the Salbuch from 1700, in 1704 an incident during the dance appears in the list of fines imposed. According to tradition, the butchers guarded the market with their dogs at night and protected it from being pillaged by robbers. As a thank you, they were the only professional group to be given the right to dance around a fire on the first main market day from 7 a.m. onwards. The firewood and the wine to have been provided by the rule, the present on the market minstrels had to play alternately so.
Craftsmen who offered goods for the first time on the Muswiesenmarkt were teased by their colleagues . They were prevented from displaying the goods until they had spent between 2 and 6 guilders "to drink". The result was that some craftsmen did not come onto the market if they expected only modest sales there anyway. This custom was forbidden to beggars in 1727. In the following year, a princely decree tried to limit the “excessive teasing” of the craftsmen by giving every newcomer the right to ask the Kastner for protection and mediation if he could not come to an amicable agreement with his colleagues. In 1729, the city of Rothenburg applied to free the Rothenburg shoemakers from teasing, and a little later to abolish the custom altogether. However, it persisted, in 1736 an order was issued by the Kastner that the Hanselungszechen on the Muswiese had to be "done" yourself. In 1797 every newcomer had to pay 15 Kreuzer teasing to the rulers, in 1809 this tax was canceled again.
offer
The fair includes around 280 stalls, an amusement park with rides and an agricultural and commercial exhibition. In addition to snack bars and festival tents, some farms also offer food on the Muswiese.
The Muswiesenlauf has been taking place on Muswiesen Saturday since 1984, a fun run over 10 km.
A Muswiesentaler has been printed annually since 1979. The local coat of arms of Rot am See is embossed on the front. The embossing on the back deals with current and traditional topics related to the Muswiese.
The Muswiese is approached at two stops by seven lines of the so-called Muswiesen bus. The buses of the Verkehrsverbund KreisVerkehr Schwäbisch Hall transport visitors from nearby locations to the Muswiese and back during the fair.
literature
- Karl Otto Müller: History of the Muswiesenmarkt. In: Württemberg quarterly books for regional history . NF. 33, 1927.
- Herbert Schüßler: The Muswiese: History and stories of an ancient fair in Rot am See-Musdorf. Home book series From the past and present of the entire municipality of Rot am See. Eppe, Bergatreute 1989, ISBN 3-89089-012-1 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Muswiese. Retrieved July 7, 2020 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Karl Otto Müller: History of the Muswiesenmarkt. In: Württemberg quarterly books for regional history . NF. 33, 1927, pp. 68-166.
- ↑ Royal Statistical-Topographical Bureau: The Kingdom of Württemberg: a description of land, people and state , Nitzschke, Stuttgart 1863, p. 892 full text in the Google book search
- ↑ The Original Johann Traber Show was a guest at the Muswiese in 2009 with its spectacular motorcycle show. on: muswiese.de
- ↑ Bastian Dörr: Five days of festivities. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: MORITZ , October 2010
- ↑ Muswiesen events
- ↑ Der Muswiesentaler ( Memento from October 11, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on October 10, 2011.
Web links
- http://www.muswiese.com
- http://www.muswiese.de
- http://www.muswiesenbus.de
- http://www.muswiesenlauf.de
- Rot am See community: Muswiese culture
Coordinates: 49 ° 15 ' N , 10 ° 3' E