Łomnica (Bober)
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Łomnica Great Lomnitz |
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 The Łomnica near Mysłakowice |
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| Data | ||
| location | Poland , Lower Silesia | |
| River system | Or | |
| Drain over | Bober → Oder → Baltic Sea | |
| source |
Równia pod Śnieżką , below Sněžka 50 ° 44 ′ 28 ″ N , 15 ° 42 ′ 5 ″ E |
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| Source height | approx. 1414 m | |
| muzzle | Near Mysłakowice (district Łomnica) in the Bober coordinates: 50 ° 52 ′ 46 ″ N , 15 ° 48 ′ 24 ″ E 50 ° 52 ′ 46 ″ N , 15 ° 48 ′ 24 ″ E |
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| Mouth height | approx. 348 m | |
| Height difference | approx. 1066 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 53 ‰ | |
| length | 20 km | |
| Catchment area | 117 km² | |
| Left tributaries | Biały Potok, Pląsawa, Budnicza Struga, Dziki Potok, Miłkówka, Głębocka Struga | |
| Right tributaries | Złoty Potok, Bystrzyk, Łomniczka, Jedlica | |
| Flowing lakes | Mały Staw | |
| Reservoirs flowed through | Lomnitztalsperre | |
The Lomnica ( Great Lomnica ) is a river in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland. It is a left tributary of the Bober , into which it empties at the rural community Mysłakowice (district Łomnica) after about 20 kilometers.
course
The headwaters of the Great Lomnica are located on the Koppenplan (Polish: Równia pod Śnieżką), a plateau below the Schneekoppe at an altitude of about 1414 m . Here flow several smaller mountain streams together to form the inflow of Karsees Mały Staw (Small Pond) on the eastern slope of the Smogornia ( Mittagberg ). The Łomnica flows through the lake and also forms its drain. At an altitude of 1085 m it joins the first influx of Bialy Potok (White Stream), the outflow of the largest lake of glacial origin in the Giant Mountains, the Wielki Staw forms (Big Pond).
The Lomnica, which is still a typical mountain stream on the upper reaches , is increasingly becoming a full-grown mountain river through further tributaries. At an altitude of about 870 meters leads the zloty Potok ( Large soaps ), which drains the soap pit (Biały Jar) from the right. Shortly before the Lomnitzfall (Dziki Wodospad) the Pląsawa flows into it on the left and makes the river swell further.
The Lomnica overcomes from its source over a length of only 4.9 km as the crow flies to the Lomnitztalsperre over 700 meters in altitude. In the upper section of the river the average gradient is 72 per thousand, in the lower section it is seven times smaller. This explains why the Lomnica is one of the most rapid and dangerous mountain rivers in the Giant Mountains.
Flood protection
The considerable gradient in connection with large fluctuations in the water level after rainfall and the melting of snow has repeatedly been the cause of destructive floods. After a particularly catastrophic flood in 1897, the authorities at that time decided on a flood protection program, which included the construction of the Lomnitztalsperre in Karpacz (Krummhübel). In the years 1910–1915 the Łomnica was regulated, built and fortified on many sections of the river. The dam proved itself in the great floods of 1926, 1927, 1977 and during the "flood of the century" in 1997.
Flora, fauna and nature conservation
Flood protection was not all positive; By building up the course of the river, the migration paths of the fish and fish food animals were interrupted and the gene exchange between the various habitats was made more difficult. As a result, the brown trout temporarily disappeared because the spawning grounds on the upper reaches could not be reached. In the meantime, by partially dismantling the fortifications, it was possible to bring the fish, whose population is still endangered, back home.
After bears, wolves and lynxes were exterminated a long time ago, the Krkonoše Mountains are primarily considered a bird paradise and were designated a special protected area in 2007 and added to the Natura 2000 network . Gray wagtail , dipper and kingfisher can be observed here.
The course of the Lomnica leads over three levels of vegetation altitude of the Giant Mountains flora and lies almost to the city limits of Karpacz in the area of the Polish national park Karkonoski Park Narodowy (KPN). On the subalpine level (from 1300 m) crooked jaws dominate. In the montane plain (from 1000 m), where the high forest changes into dense forest, spruce and pines are predominant; Lapland willow grows directly on the bank . Finally, in the valley, in the colline step (from 500 m), willows , alders and birches line the banks.
