Szalejów Dolny

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Szalejów Dolny
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Szalejów Dolny (Poland)
Szalejów Dolny
Szalejów Dolny
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
Powiat : Kłodzko
Gmina : Kłodzko
Geographic location : 50 ° 26 '  N , 16 ° 35'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 25 '33 "  N , 16 ° 35' 2"  E
Residents : 760
Postal code : 57-314
Telephone code : (+48) 74
License plate : DKL
Economy and Transport
Next international airport : Wroclaw



Szalejów Dolny (German: Niederschwedeldorf ) is a village in the powiat Kłodzki of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship . It is located five kilometers southwest of Kłodzko ( Glatz ), to whose independent rural community it belongs.

geography

Szalejów Dolny is located on the lower reaches of the Reinerzer Weistritz . It was created as a forest hoof village and is five kilometers long. Neighboring towns are Mikowice and Korytów in the north, Leszczyny ( Hasengraben ) and Kłodzko in the northeast, Stary Wielisław Dolny ( Niederaltwilmsdorf ) in the south, Stary Wielisław in the southwest, Szalejów Górny in the west and Roszyce in the northwest.

history

Castle in Szalejów Dolny
Parish Church of the Apostles Simon and Jude Thaddeus

Niederwedeldorf is one of the oldest villages in the Glatzer Land , to which it belonged and with which it shared the history of political and ecclesiastical affiliation from the beginning. It was first mentioned on November 25, 1269 as Swedlerdorf in a document of the Prague bishop Jan III. mentioned by Dražic as the seat of a dean . Other forms of the name were Nedirsweydlerdorf , Nieder-Schweidlerdorf and Swedlerdorf .

In the 14th century it belonged to the von Glubos ( Glaubitz ) family, from whom it was acquired in 1350 by the Prague Archbishop Ernst von Pardubitz ( Arnestus ) and his brothers Smil and Wilhelm, and in the same year it was donated to the Augustinian Canons in Glatz, which the Archbishop had founded. Johannes I, the first provost of the Augustinian monastery, expanded the monastery property in 1353 by purchasing the Niederwedeldorfer Freirichtgut and two mills.

In the turmoil of the Hussite wars Niederschwedeldorf was that near Altwilmsdorf is, in the Battle of Altwilmsdorf destroyed and only built around the mid-15th century by the Augustinian Monastery again. In the 16th century it became a well-known place of pilgrimage due to the construction of the St. Anne's Chapel , but its importance declined during the Reformation .

In 1595 Provost Christoph Kirmeser renounced the Augustinian Canons' monastery. In 1597 Pope Clemens VIII handed over the Glatzer Stift with all its possessions to the Jesuits , who set up a Jesuit college in the former monastery buildings. At the beginning of the Thirty Years' War , the Jesuits had to leave Glatz in 1618 and were only allowed to return in 1624. Thanks to her pastoral work during the Counter Reformation , the pilgrimage to St. Anne's Chapel experienced a heyday. The Jesuits founded a monastery branch as well as a brewery and a malt house in Niederschwedeldorf. By improving agricultural methods, the soil yields increased and the economic base of the subjects improved.

After the First Silesian War in 1742 and finally with the Peace of Hubertusburg in 1763, Niederschwedeldorf came to Prussia together with the County of Glatz . The Jesuit order initially retained all rights, even after its dissolution by the Pope. In 1787, however, the Prussian state also took over the Niederwedeldorfer Stiftsgut along with the entire Jesuit property and sold it to the Prussian Minister of State Friedrich Wilhelm von Reden . After the reorganization of Prussia, it belonged to the province of Silesia since 1815 and was incorporated into the district of Glatz from 1816–1945 .

Since Friedrich Wilhelm von Reden died in 1815 without heirs, his possessions fell to the barons of Münchhausen on Stolzenau . Ernst von Münchhausen built the castle in 1840, which remained in the family's possession until 1945. In 1850 the former monastery brewery was rebuilt and a sugar factory was built.

As a result of the Second World War , Niederschwedeldorf fell to Poland in 1945, like almost all of Silesia, and was renamed Szalejów Dolny . The German population was expelled in 1946 . Some of the newly settled residents were displaced from eastern Poland .

Attractions

Main altar of the St. Anna Chapel
  • The parish church of the apostles Simon and Jude Thaddäus ( Kościół ŚŚ Szymona i Judy Tadeusza ) was built in 1489-1491 in place of a wooden church destroyed in the Hussite Wars, expanded in 1602 to include the sacristy and vestibule, and from 1702-1707 fundamentally rebuilt. In the choir room on the right is the center piece of a winged altar, which was probably created around 1550 for the old St. Anne's Chapel. The rest of the furnishings are neo-baroque ; the architectural main altar was created in 1894 by the Landeck sculptor Aloys Schmidt , and the altar painting by Hieronymus Richter . The marble font with a wooden lid was created in 1859 by the Glatzer sculptor A. Adolphin.
  • In the defensive wall surrounding the church there are loopholes, a gate from 1564, a gate from 1757 and a plate with the reclining figure of St. Rosalia .
  • The figure of the Bohemian national saint Johannes Nepomuk on the bridge next to the church is from 1723.
  • The St. Anna Chapel in the western part of the village is a foundation of the Glatzer Jesuit College Rector G. Wedingen. It was built in 1731–1732 on the site of a previous chapel from 1525 as a pilgrim chapel. The pilgrims' groups were preached from the outer pulpit. In the outside niches there are figures of Saints Anna and Joachim . The equipment is particularly valuable:
    • The rococo main altar is from 1753, the side altars of Saints Nicholas and Joseph from 1736 and the pulpit from 1734.
    • On a pedestal on the wall stands the figure of St. Johannes Nepomuk.
    • The organ gallery is richly decorated with carved tendrils.
  • The smaller Magdalen Chapel opposite was built in 1734. It served as a confessional chapel for the pilgrims. There is a stone penitential cross next to the chapel.
  • The castle was built in the 17th century as a settlement for the Glatzer Jesuits. It was fundamentally rebuilt and expanded in the neo-Gothic style by the barons of Münchhausen from 1840–1844 and is now used as an agricultural school. A Marian column from 1833 stands on the former estate.
  • There is a stone carving depicting the Trinity near the main road .
  • see also: Tour of the Niederwedeldorf and Oberschwedeldorf monuments

  • St. Anna Chapel (background) and Magdalenenkapelle (foreground)

  • War memorial with Archangel Michael

  • St. Simon and Jude Thaddäus Parish Church

  • Cemetery cross in the churchyard

  • Lapidary for German gravestones

  • Memorial plaque to the Glatzer Jesuits at the entrance to the monastery

  • Donated cross opposite the estate

  • Johannes Nepomuk statue on the church bridge

Sons and daughters of the village

  • Helmut Joseph Goebel (born January 23, 1925), honorary German monument conservator and holder of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ January Kapistrán Vyskočil : Arnost of Pardubice a jeho doba ; Nakladatelství Vyšehrad v Praze, 1947, p. 388
  2. ↑ [1]

Web links

Commons : Szalejów Dolny  - collection of images, videos and audio files