Piszkowice

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Piszkowice
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Piszkowice (Poland)
Piszkowice
Piszkowice
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
Powiat : Kłodzko
Gmina : Kłodzko
Geographic location : 50 ° 28 '  N , 16 ° 35'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 28 '8 "  N , 16 ° 35' 22"  E
Height : 310 m npm
Residents : 590
Telephone code : (+48) 74
License plate : DKL
Economy and Transport
Next international airport : Wroclaw Airport



Piszkowice (German Pischkowitz ; 1937-1945 Schlosshübel ; Czech Biskupice ) is a village in the powiat Kłodzki in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland . It belongs to the rural municipality of Kłodzko .

Geographical location

View over the surroundings of Piszkowice with the castle

Piszkowice is located six kilometers northwest of Kłodzko ( Glatz ) in the Valley of Stones . Neighboring towns are Czerwieńczyce ( Roth Waltersdorf ) in the north, Wojbórz ( Gabersdorf ) Łączna ( Wiesau ) and Bierkowice ( Birgwitz ) in the northeast, Korytów ( Koritau ) in the south, Ruszowice ( Rauschwitz ) in the southwest and Gorzuchów ( Möhlten ) and Świecko ( Schwenz ) in Northwest. To the west rises the 401 m high mountain Orła ( Georgshöhe ).

history

Parish Church of St. John the Baptist

Pischkowitz was first mentioned in 1291 under the name Piskowicz . Other spellings are 1340 Piscowicz , 1342 Pischkowicz , 1361 Biskupicz , 1357 Biscowicz and 1371 Byskupicz . The parish church of John the Baptist , which belonged to the Glatzer deanery and to which the villages of Birgwitz, Schwenz, Möhlten, Rauschwitz and Kamnitz were parish in 1560, is documented in a directory of the Prague Archbishopric . It was the seat of the rulers of the same name and belonged to the Glatzer Land , with which it shared the history of its political and ecclesiastical affiliation from the beginning.

In older times Pischkowitz consisted of the upper and lower Pischkowitz estate , which at times belonged to different owners and were only united in 1715 under the landlord Maximilian von Haugwitz . He built the Pischkowitz Castle in 1722. In 1728 he worked as a man legal assessor and administrative administrator in Glatz and in 1738 acquired the Freirichtergut in Dürrkunzendorf from Johann Georg von Ullersdorf on Gellenau . Ten years later he exchanged the Schönau estate for the Gellenau rulership with him . From 1741 he held the office of administrator of the Glatzer Landeshauptmannschaft . After his death in 1749, his only son Johann Wenzel, who was married to Maria Helena von Hartig , inherited the property. Shortly before his death in 1780, he was raised to the rank of count by the Prussian King Friedrich II . His son Johann Anton Graf von Haugwitz acquired the Koritau rule in 1787.

After the First Silesian War in 1742 and finally after the Peace of Hubertusburg in 1763, Pischkowitz fell to Prussia together with the County of Glatz . During the Seven Years' War , Pischkowitz Palace served as the headquarters of General Ernst Gideon von Laudon during the siege of Glatz Fortress .

Around 1795, the village of Rauschwitz and parts of the Niedersteine , Dürrkunzendorf, Kaltenbrunn and Kamnitz belonged to the Pischkowitz rule . Evidence for this period is as follows: a castle, two outbuildings ( Oberhof and Niederhof ), a parish church, a rectory and a school, two farmers and 39 gardeners and cottagers .

After the reorganization of Prussia, Pischkowitz belonged to the province of Silesia from 1815 and was incorporated into the district of Glatz from 1816 to 1945 . From 1874 it formed an administrative district with the rural communities Birgwitz, Möhlten, Pischkowitz, Rauschwitz and Schwenz.

As a result of the Second World War , Pischkowitz, which was renamed Schloßhübel in 1937 as part of the Nazi Germanization of Slavic place names , was placed under Polish administration in 1945, like almost all of Silesia. The place name was changed to Piszkowice . The German population in 1946 due to the Bierut Decrees sold . Some of the Polish new settlers came from the areas east of the Curzon Line that had fallen to the Soviet Union .

From 1975 to 1998 Piszkowice belonged to the Wałbrzych Voivodeship ( Waldenburg ).

Gut Oberpischkowitz

The Oberpischkowitz estate was an ancestral home of the von Haugwitz family ( Hugevicz, Hugwitz, Hawgevicz ), who came from Bohemia . It was therefore called the seat or the courtyard . The first owner known by name was Otto von Haugwitz in 1346. He was married to Gertrud, daughter of Titzko von Pannwitz at Landfried Castle and also owned the Pischkowitzer Niederhof, the village Friedersdorf and a share of Niedersteine. For 1361 and 1368 he is proven as a man's legal assessor. In 1428 the Oberhof was destroyed by the Hussites . In 1472, Hinko ( Heinrich ) von Haugwitz sold Friedersdorf and the Niedersteine ​​share and acquired the villages of Birgwitz and Rauschwitz, which he connected to his Oberpischkowitz estate. In 1499, the brothers Albrecht , Georg and Karl von Münsterberg, who were also Counts of Glatz, confirmed Hans von Haugwitz and his descendants' goods and at the same time granted him hunting rights for the chamber villages of Hollenau , Koritau, Kamnitz and Reichenau .

Because of his participation in the Bohemian class uprising , Dietrich von Haugwitz was expropriated by the Bohemian King Ferdinand II in 1625 . The Good upper Pischinger Kowitz he gave in 1626 to the then Glatzer governor , Adam Gottfried Berka of Dubá . After his death in the same year, it passed to other owners at short notice. After Dietrich von Haugwitz professed his Catholic faith in 1628, he was pardoned and received his confiscated goods back. In 1635 he was again administrator of the Glatzer state administration and in 1641 by Ferdinand III. appointed to an imperial-royal council. Dietrich's great-grandson Maximilian von Haugwitz acquired the Niederpischkowitz estate from his cousin Wolf Dietrich von Haugwitz in 1714, so that both parts were now in his possession.

Gut Niederpischkowitz

Gut Niederpischkowitz ( Niederhof ) was united with Oberpischkowitz in the oldest times and was also owned by the von Haugwitz family. After Hans von Haugwitz's death in 1538, the properties were divided between his three sons. Niederpischkowitz inherited Georg von Haugwitz. Since he died in 1603 without male descendants, Niederpischkowitz inherited his daughter Magdalena, who married Friedrich Heinrich von Stillfried auf Walditz in 1605 , who died in 1618. In 1629 Magdalena, widowed Stillfried, sold the Niederpischkowitz estate to the Glatzer official secretary Adam Christian von Ampassek, who in 1670 sold it to the imperial-royal forest master Johann Albin Domnisch. After his death in 1673 his daughter Johanna Rosalia became sole heir. In 1680 she married Wolfgang Dietrich von Haugwitz auf Hausdorf , to whom it passed after her death in 1709. He sold the Niederpischkowitz estate to his cousin Franz Anton von Haugwitz in 1714, who already owned the Oberpischkowitz estate.

Attractions

Castle in 2017
Historical manor
  • The parish church of St. John the Baptist ( Kośćiół Św. Jana Chrzciciela ) was rebuilt after the destruction of the Hussite Wars and rebuilt and expanded several times. In 1672 a crypt was built for the von Haugwitz family. The baroque side altars date from 1720 and 1770. The last reconstruction took place in the middle of the 19th century. The classical main altar also dates from this period. The churchyard is surrounded by a stone wall with a late Gothic gatehouse .
  • The Baroque parsonage was built in the 18th century and rebuilt in the 19th century.
  • The castle served as the residence of the von Haugwitz family from 1373 to 1819. It was built by Maximilian von Haugwitz in 1722 and later enlarged. It had a rich interior. After the Second World War it was used temporarily for school purposes, but was later abandoned to decay. In the meantime it has been renovated (see picture).
  • The palace park was laid out in the 19th century with terraces and other decorative elements. On a lantern-topped column is a statue of the Bohemian national saint John of Nepomuk from the 18th century.
  • The manor with mill and three-storey warehouse in the lower part of the village date from the 18th and 19th centuries. Century.

literature

Web links

Commons : Piszkowice  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Marek Šebela, Jiři Fišer: České Názvy hraničních Vrchů, Sídel a vodních toků v Kladsku . In: Kladský sborník 5, 2003, p. 376
  2. ^ Paul Klemenz: The place names of the Grafschaft Glatz , Ostdeutsche Verlagsanstalt Breslau 1932, p. 32
  3. ↑ Pischkowitz district