Jeleniów
| Jeleniów | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 Help on coat of arms |
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lower Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | Kłodzko | ||
| Gmina : | Lewin Kłodzki | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 26 ' N , 16 ° 16' E | ||
| Residents : | 620 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 74 | ||
| License plate : | DKL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | E 67 Kłodzko - Hradec Králové | ||
| Next international airport : | Wroclaw | ||
Jeleniów (German Gellenau ; Czech Kelnov , also Jelenov ) is a village belonging to the municipality Lewin Kłodzki ( Lewin ) in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland . It is located two kilometers southeast of Kudowa-Zdrój ( Bad Kudowa ) in the powiat Kłodzki .
geography
Jeleniów is located in the Bystra Valley on the European route 67 . Neighboring towns are jerzykowice wielkie ( United Georgsdorf ) in the north, Dańczów ( dance ) and Kulin Kłodzki ( wedge village ) to the east, Lewin Kłodzki the southeast, Jarkov ( Järker ) in the south, Brzozowie ( Birkhagen ) in the southwest and Zakrze ( Sackisch ) to the northwest. The border with the Czech Republic runs to the southwest .
history
"Geylnaw", which originally belonged to the Bohemian rule Nachod , was mentioned for the first time in 1350 in the Glatzer man rights protocol. For the year 1477 a Vorwerk with the spelling "Kelnow" is occupied. At that time, Duke Heinrich d. Ä. , to which the reigns Nachod and Hummel as well as the county Glatz belonged since 1472 , the entire parish Lewin, to which Gellenau belonged, into the rule Hummel and this in the same year into his county Glatz. After its dissolution at the end of the 16th century, it was sold to the city of Reinerz in 1595 and at the same time raised to a free judge's property . The purchase agreement was from Glatzer Governor Melchior von Rechenberg signed and on 10 July 1598 Urbarium recorded. The privileges of the judge included brewing rights, running a Kretscham , lower hunting rights, fishing and pond rights. Two years later, Kaspar Alten, a judge's estate from Hermannseifen near Trautenau, acquired a flour mill, eight cottages and twelve ponds. Because of his participation in the Bohemian class uprising , his estate was confiscated by the emperor in 1623 and initially handed over to the Glatzer Jesuit College for enjoyment . A short time later, Archduke Karl of Austria handed it over to Baron Carl von Strasoldo instead of a debt claim. After Caspar Alten returned to the Catholic religion and paid a fine of 420 guilders, he got his possessions back in 1627. For 1631 there are 14 farmers, nine gardeners and four new settlers in Gellenau . In the same year, the Freirichtergut owned three farmers, a brewery and a flour mill.
After Caspar Alten's death in 1643, the estate was inherited by his son Johann Alten, who was ennobled around the middle of the 17th century; his son Kaspar Josef von Alten expanded the property by buying the chamber villages of Gellenau, Sackisch, Tanz, Tassau, Järker as well as Großgeorgsdorf and Kleingeorgsdorf . These fell to the Bohemian Chamber after the dissolution of the Hummel rule in 1595 and were sold to Kaspar Josef von Alten by Emperor Leopold I around 1684 to finance the Turkish wars . Since the farmers and gardeners of the chamber villages had to do increased labor services with the transfer to the manor , they made a complaint to Emperor Josef I. From this it was forwarded to the governorate in Glatz for investigation.
After the death of Kaspar Josef von Alten in 1693, the property passed to his son Johann Heinrich von Alten, who built the St. Trinitas Chapel in 1697 as a thank you for being saved from mortal danger. Since Heinrich von Alten died childless, the rule of Gellenau initially fell to his three sisters Anna Theresia, married Cirani, Anna Magdalena, married to Georg von Ullersdorf on Seifersdorf and Dürrkunzendorf and Johanna, married von Güsner. After a comparison of the inheritance of May 21, 1721, signed by Ferdinand Heinrich von Neuhaus, Johann Georg von Schenkendorf, Franz von Tschischwitz and Johann Christoph von Werder, Anna Magdalena von Ullersdorf took over the estate. In 1741 an imperial commission carried out a necessary regulation of the border between the Bohemian rule Nachod and the manor Gellenau.
Anna Magdalena von Ullersdorf died in 1745 and bequeathed the estate to her son Johann Georg von Ullersdorf. This belonged to the Order of Malta and was canon at the cathedral in Königgrätz . Since the inherited Gellenau estate was heavily in debt, he exchanged it with Franz Anton von Haugwitz in Pischkowitz for the Schönau estate near Bad Landeck in 1748 . Johann Georg von Ullersdorf transferred the capital of 17,000 guilders that his mother had funded for the Königgrätzer Domkirche to Gut Schönau.
After the First Silesian War in 1742 and finally after the Peace of Hubertusburg in 1763, Gellenau came to Prussia together with the County of Glatz . Count Johann Wenzel von Haugwitz extended the palace in 1775 by adding the baroque west wing. After his death, Gellenau inherited his son of the same name in 1782, a lieutenant in the Mahlen Dragoon Regiment. He sold the property in 1788 to the judiciary Franz Bernhard von Mutius auf Altwasser , who a year later also acquired the Seitenberg estate . He died childless and the manor passed to his nephew Major Carl von Mutius. Around 1850, Carl von Mutius expanded the palace by building the eastern wing in the neo-renaissance style and the Dominial building, called the "Carlshof"; around this time the large park and orchards were laid out. During his lifetime, Carl von Mutius gave the castle and the manor to his son Rittmeister Hans von Mutius, who was married to a daughter of the former Prussian minister of culture , August von Bethmann-Hollweg . He had a bronze deer sculpture set up in front of the castle . The castle and manor remained in the possession of the von Mutius family until 1945.
After the reorganization of Prussia, Gellenau belonged to the province of Silesia from 1815 and was incorporated into the district of Glatz from 1816–1945 . On February 28, 1874, the district of Gellenau was founded, consisting of the rural communities Gellenau, Groß Georgsdorf, Järker and Tanz as well as the manor district of Gellenau.
The railway connection, which reached Kudowa-Sackisch in 1905 , gave Gellenau an economic boom. 1905–1909 the Dierig company built a weaving mill with 1,000 looms, the number of which was doubled in 1924–1927. Numerous residents from remote villages found work and accommodation in Gellenau thanks to the construction of company apartments and houses. In 1939 there were 614 inhabitants. In 1943 the Dierig factory for the armaments industry was confiscated. During this time, Jewish female forced laborers from the Groß-Rosen concentration camp were deployed there. During the Second World War, the manor was administered by the later writer Dagmar von Mutius . As a result of this war, Gellenau fell to Poland in 1945, like almost all of Silesia . It was first renamed Kielnów and a short time later Jeleniów . The German population was largely expelled . Some of the new residents were displaced from eastern Poland . 1975-1998 Jeleniów belonged to the Wałbrzych Voivodeship ( Waldenburg ).
Attractions
- After 1945 the castle was used as a children's rest home for a time. It is in a poor structural condition and is not accessible.
- There is an iron-sulfur spring in the large castle park with its old trees.
From the castle chronicle
- Peter von Biron , Duke of Courland and Sagan, died on January 13, 1800 at Gellenau Castle, where he went seriously ill from his Nachoder Castle and hoped to be cured by the springs in the nearby Bad Kudowa.
- When the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. stayed in the neighboring village of Tscherbeey in June 1813 , from where he went to Opočno in Eastern Bohemia for the talks of the anti-Napoleonic alliance , his sons lived at Gellenau Castle. The lifelong friendship between Crown Prince Wilhelm, later King Friedrich Wilhelm IV. And Carl von Mutius, goes back to this meeting.
- In 1856, Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm and Chief of Staff Moltke went on a one-day visit to Gellenau Castle.
Personalities
- Albert von Mutius (General) (1862–1937), Prussian officer, most recently lieutenant general
- Gerhard von Mutius (1872–1934) German diplomat; was born at Schloss Gellenau
- Dagmar von Mutius (1919–2008), writer
- Gerta Scharffenorth (1912–2014), German political scientist and theologian
literature
- Wilhelm Mader: Historical news about the manor Gellenau . In: Quarterly journal for the history and local history of the County of Glatz, 2nd year, 1882/83
- Dehio Handbook of Art Monuments in Poland Silesia . Deutscher Kunstverlag 2005, ISBN 3-422-03109-X , pp. 403–404
- Marie von Mutius: From the story of a Glatzer good . In: Glatzer Heimatblätter, Vol. 20, 1934, Issue 1, pp. 29–32
Web links
- Current and historical recordings as well as geographical location
- Current and historical photos of Gellenau Castle
- travel Guide
- Dierigwerke ( Memento from June 24, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Marek Šebela, Jiři Fišer: České Názvy hraničních Vrchů, Sídel a vodních toků v Kladsku . In: Kladský sborník 5, 2003, p. 372
- ↑ Gellenau district