Ołdrzychowice Kłodzkie

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Ołdrzychowice Kłodzkie
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Ołdrzychowice Kłodzkie (Poland)
Ołdrzychowice Kłodzkie
Ołdrzychowice Kłodzkie
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
Powiat : Kłodzko
Gmina : Kłodzko
Geographic location : 50 ° 21 '  N , 16 ° 44'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 21 '0 "  N , 16 ° 44' 0"  E
Residents : 2800
Postal code : 57-360
Telephone code : (+48) 74
License plate : DKL
Economy and Transport
Street : Żelazno - Lądek-Zdrój
Rail route : Kłodzko – Stronie Śląskie railway line
Next international airport : Wroclaw



Ołdrzychowice Kłodzkie (German: Ullersdorf ) is a village in the powiat Kłodzki in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland. It is nine kilometers southeast of Kłodzko ( Glatz ), to whose independent rural community it belongs.

geography

Ołdrzychowice Kłodzkie is located in the Biele valley halfway between Kłodzko and Lądek-Zdrój . Neighboring towns are Rogówek in the northeast, Skrzynka in the east, Trzebieszowice in the southeast, Romanowo in the south and Żelazno and Marcinów in the northwest. The Kühberge ( Krowiarki ) rise to the southeast .

history

Castle in Ołdrzychowice Kłodzkie
Parish church
Mausoleum of the von Magnis family

Ullersdorf was first mentioned in 1346 as Ulrichsdorf . It was the ancestral seat of the noble von Ullersdorf family, which went out around 1754 with Georg von Ullersdorf. He was a canon at the cathedral in Königgrätz .

Ullersdorf belonged to the Glatzer Land , which belonged directly to Bohemia until 1763 . It initially consisted of several parts, which mostly belonged to different owners. The St. The parish church consecrated to Katharina dates back to 1384. The villages of Herrnsdorf, Raumnitz and Petersdorf were also parish to her. During the Reformation it served as a Protestant church until 1623. In 1768 the Prague Consistory of St. John the Baptist was designated the sole patron saint of the Church. In the Thirty Years' War Ullersdorf was burned down by the Swedes.

After the Silesian Wars , Ullersdorf and the County of Glatz fell to Prussia in 1763 with the Peace of Hubertusburg . In 1785 a new land register was created. In June 1783, a flood caused great damage and devastation to houses and hallways. Four people and a lot of cattle were killed. At the end of the 18th century, Ullersdorf consisted of the parts Mittelhof ( castle courtyard ), Niederhof ( Niederullersdorf ) and Oberhof ( Oberullersdorf ). Evidence for 1798 is as follows: a parish church, a rectory, a school building, a castle, four stately outbuildings , two water mills, two free farmers , 34 service farmers and 100 gardeners and cottagers . Together with Raumnitz and Petersdorf it formed its own community.

In 1825, the industrialist Hermann Dietrich Lindheim founded Europe's first mechanical flax yarn spinning mill in Ullersdorf. He then set up a mechanical workshop and an iron foundry and built a linen and hemp spinning mill in the 1840s. He also built apartments and houses for the employees. An economic upswing followed through the creation of over 900 jobs.

On February 28, 1874, the district of Ullersdorf was formed, to which the rural communities Ullersdorf and Werdeck as well as the estate districts Niederullersdorf ( Niederhof ) and Oberullersdorf ( Oberhof ) belonged. In 1897 Ullersdorf received a railway connection to the Bieletalbahn .

As a result of the Second World War , Ullersdorf, like almost all of Silesia, fell under Polish administration and was renamed Ołdrzychowice Kłodzkie . Unless they had fled before, the German population was expelled in 1946. Some of the newly settled residents were displaced from eastern Poland . 1975-1998 it belonged to the Wałbrzych Voivodeship . The legal integration took place in 1990 with the two-plus-four contract .

Mittelhof or Schlosshof

The Mittelhof was a knight's seat, which was referred to in older documents as Mittelullersdorf , and was a fiefdom of the Crown of Bohemia . He had the higher and lower courts, the hunting and brewing rights as well as the right of patronage over the parish church. The first known owner was Paul von Ullersdorf in 1474, with whose descendants the Mittelhof remained until 1625. Because of a dispute during a baptism dinner, Georg von Ullersdorf the Elder was called. Ä. 1609 fatally wounded by his brother Bernard von Haugwitz at his son-in-law Wenzel von Haugwitz, who lives in Melling . His son of the same name Georg d. J. von Ullersdorf was expropriated in 1625 because of his participation in the Bohemian uprising after the battle of the White Mountain by Emperor Ferdinand II in his capacity as King of Bohemia, handed over to the Bohemian Chamber and inherited in 1631 . As early as 1630, the central courtyard was sold by the Bohemian Chamber to Hans Caspar von Buchemberg, from whom it fell to his brother Georg von Buchemberg in 1633. In 1642 the estate was owned by Carl Christoph von Ullersdorf, who in 1656 sold it to Maria Magdalena Werder, widowed Zeisberg von Zeisengrund, née von Breuner. Three years later the Mittelhof was owned by the Johann Pristatory von Thin, which also owned the Oberhof. In 1663, the imperial councilor Wolfgang Heinrich von Schenkendorf acquired the Mittelhof, who bequeathed it to his son Georg von Schenkendorf in 1691. In 1699 he also bought the Niederhof, which was in debt. In 1710 he was a legal assessor and administrator in Glatz. His son Johann Heinrich von Schenkendorf inherited all the goods he left behind and also bought the Freirichtergut in Eisersdorf in 1734 . As patron of the Ullersdorf church, he donated an altar painting of St. Katharina, which was painted by Johann Franz Hoffmann . Since Johann Heinrich von Schenkendorf was on the side of the Austrians in the Second Silesian War in 1744, the Prussian King Friedrich II confiscated his goods and gave them to Lieutenant General von Lehwald and the Glatzer commandant Heinrich August de la Motte Fouqué and Colonel von Puttkamer. After Johann Heinrich von Schenkendorf died in Czaslau in Bohemia in 1746 , his widowed sisters Anna Theresia Freiin von Hemm and Maria Constantia Freiin von Vogten redeemed the properties by paying 30,000 Reichstalers and owned them jointly until 1749. Due to a division agreement, the former took over the Mittelhof and her sister took over the Freirichtergut in Eisersdorf. After the death of Baroness von Hemm, her son Johann Carl von Hemm, heir to Niedersteine , Schwenz and Dürrkunzendorf, took over her estate . After he died unmarried in 1792, his cousin Gisbert Freiherr von Hemm auf Volpersdorf inherited the Ullersdorf and Niedersteine ​​estates . In 1793 he sold the central courtyard with the stately Renaissance palace to Count Anton Alexander von Magnis on Eckersdorf . The castle and its properties remained in the possession of the von Magnis family until it was expropriated in 1945.

Niederhof

The Niederhof was a manorial Vorwerk, which was also called Niederullersdorf . This knight seat was initially also a fiefdom, which in 1643 by Emperor Ferdinand III. was turned into a genetic material. In 1540 it belonged to Franz von Ullersdorf, who bequeathed it to his son Christoph in 1574. He was followed by Wolf Dittrich von Ullersdorf, who in 1625 lost half of his estate because of his participation in the Bohemian class uprising of 1618. In 1645 the Niederhof was owned by the Glatzer tax collector Johann Carl von Klinkovsky, from whom it passed to his son of the same name in 1671, who had also inherited the Birgwitz estate from his stepmother . After his death, his indebted goods were sold. Birgwitz acquired Johann Isaias von Hartig , heir to Koritau ; the Niederhof bought in 1699 Johann Georg von Schenkendorf, who already owned the Mittelhof, with which he connected the Niederhof.

Oberhof

The Oberhof is referred to in old documents as Oberullersdorf or, after its owner, as Krummenhof . It was a knight's seat and initially also a fiefdom that Emperor Ferdinand II transformed into a heritage. Around 1543 the Oberhof belonged to Ernst von Ullersdorf, who also owned the Mittelhof. After his death in 1548 it fell to his brother Franz von Ullersdorf, who already owned the Niederhof. After his death, his son Hans inherited the Oberhof, from whom it fell to his son Franz in 1612. Because of his participation in the Bohemian uprising in 1618, he lost his estate in 1625. Instead of a claim against Archduke Karl of Austria , the Oberhof received the imperial valet Thomas Saul in 1627. In 1652 the Oberhof was inherited by his son Thomas Ferdinand Saul, who in 1653 sold it to the retired Obristwachtmeister Johann Pristatory von Thin, who also owned the Mittelhof. In 1661 the Oberhof came to Johann Friedrich Krumkrieger von Ziersberg. His daughter sold the estate to her sister Susana Catharina in 1692, who was married to Johann Georg von Solikovsky. In 1722, Field Marshal Georg Olivier von Wallis acquired the Oberhof and linked it to his rule in Kunzendorf . His son Stephan Olivier von Wallis sold the Oberhof together with the other inherited estates to the Silesian Oberlandbau director Ludwig Friedrich Wilhelm von Schlabrendorf on Hassitz und Stolz . After his death, his daughter Charlotte inherited the Oberhof, who was married to Landgrave Joseph zu Fürstenberg.

Freirichtergut

The first known owner of the Freirichtgut was a Santa Claus in 1378. In 1485 it belonged to a Jakob and in 1480 to Paul Ullersdorf, from whom his son Hieronymus inherited it. 1540 it belonged to the Glatzer Governor Henry of Tschischwitz ( hissing joke ). His son Sigmund sold it to the town of Glatz in 1546, from whom Wolf Heinrich von Schenkendorf bought it in 1690. He united the Freirichtergut with the Mittelhof, which was already in his possession.

Attractions

  • The Catholic parish church documented for 1384 was initially St. Consecrated to Catherine. In 1768 St. John the Baptist chosen as patron. It was rebuilt in 1870.
  • The mausoleum of the imperial counts of Magnis next to the church was built in 1889 in the neo-Romanesque style. It has a rich marble decoration. There are two angel figures at the portal.
  • Entrance gate to the castle
    The castle was originally a Renaissance residential tower from the mid-16th century. In the 18th century, a residential wing was added and it was converted into a baroque palace . At the beginning of the 19th century it was extensively renovated by the Counts of Magnis and changed in the style of classicism . In 1943, at the instigation of the director of the institution     Georg Schumann , the music archive of the Sing-Akademie zu Berlin was packed into boxes and housed in Ullersdorf Castle. It was stolen there after the end of the Second World War and only rediscovered in Ukraine more than 50 years later. After 1945 the castle was left to decay and its existence is threatened.
  • On the other side of the Biele is the castle park , which is only partially preserved. At its entrance, on the occasion of the visit of Queen Luise and her husband, King Friedrich Wilhelm III. On August 22, 1800, Anton Alexander von Magnis donated a 15 t heavy and 25 meter high obelisk, which was cast in Malapane and unveiled on March 10, 1802, the Queen's birthday.
  • The Luisenhalle was located in the upper part of the castle park. It was probably built in the Greek style in 1818. The plaster relief showed six members of the count's family who belonged to King Friedrich Wilhelm III. offer their treasures in defense of the fatherland.
  • In the lower part of the village there is a small castle in a park, which was acquired in 1930 by the Congregation of the Franciscan Sisters from Münster / Westphalia as a provincial mother's house and rest home. Now it serves as the mother house of the Polish Order Province.

Personalities

  • Joseph Kögler (1765–1817), historical researcher, worked 1807–1817 as pastor of Ullersdorf
  • Aloys Bach (1770–1845), Konvikt-Regens of the Royal Catholic High School Glatz; wrote the documented church history of the County of Glaz [sic]
  • Hermann Dietrich Lindheim (1790–1860), industrialist and builder of the flax yarn spinning mill, the machine shop and the brass foundry in Ullersdorf.
  • Johannes Gründel (1929–2015), professor of moral theology at the University of Munich

literature

Web links

Commons : Ołdrzychowice Kłodzkie  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ullersdorf district
  2. ^ Gottfried Eberle: 200 years Sing-Akademie zu Berlin. An art association for sacred music. Nicolai, Berlin 1991