Brzozowie
| Brzozowie | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lower Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | Kłodzko | ||
| District of: | Kudowa-Zdrój | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 25 ' N , 16 ° 13' E | ||
| Residents : | |||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Słone - Česká Čermná | ||
| Rail route : | Kłodzko – Kudowa Zdrój | ||
| Next international airport : | Wroclaw | ||
Brzozowie (German 1921-1945 Birkhagen , before Brzesowie , Czech Březová ) is a district of the municipality Kudowa-Zdrój ( Bad Kudowa ) in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland .
geography
Brzozowie is located in the far west of the powiat Kłodzki , right on the border with the Czech Republic. Neighboring towns are Słone ( Schlaney or Schnellau ) in the north, Kudowa-Zdrój, Zakrze ( Sackisch ) and Jeleniów ( Gellenau ) in the northeast and Lewin Kłodzki ( Lewin ) and Jarków ( Järker ) in the southeast. Across the border are Borová in the southeast, Česká Čermná in the south, Dobrošov in the southwest and Náchod in the west.
history
The first mentioned in 1400 "Brzezowicz" belonged to the Nachod rule in the old Bohemian Königgrätzer Kreis . Other names were Brzezow (1497), Przezowie , Birkwitz (1602) and Bertzesowy (1653). The spelling Brzesowie , which was used until 1921, is proven as early as 1631. The place name is derived from the Czech "Bříza" ( birch ).
Brzesowie initially formed a unit with the Schlaney to the north, to whose fiefdom it belonged, which consisted of a Vorwerk ( poplužní dvůr ) and was also subject to the Nachod rule. It was mentioned again in a document in 1477, when Duke Heinrich d. Ä. , which had belonged to Nachod and Hummel and the County of Glatz since 1472 , incorporated the parish of Lewin and the villages of the area later known as the Bohemian Angle into his county of Glatz. In 1497 Brzesowie was incorporated into the Hummel rule together with the Schlaneyer Vorwerk. After the Hummel reign was dissolved in the second half of the 16th century, Brzes and the Bohemian Chamber belonged to it . In 1601 she sold the greater part of the village together with Schlaney to the city of Náchod , while the remaining part, for which two mills and two farms are documented for 1612, remained Kammergut. According to the Berní rula of 1653, the part belonging to Nachod, for which the contribution was paid to the County of Glatz, consisted of five farmers, six Chalupners and two gardeners . The part belonging to the royal chamber consisted of two farmers and three chalupners. Emperor Leopold I, in his capacity as King of Bohemia, also sold this part to the city of Nachod in 1684. It combined the Brzesowier property with the dominium in Schlaney, which it has owned since 1601. In contrast to the other villages of the Bohemian Angle, the family names recorded in the Berní rula are almost exclusively German (e.g. Siegel, Weber, Knappe, Kraut, Bickner, Steyer, Lehmann, Gölmann, Ringel, Bittner).
Together with the County of Glatz, Brzesowie fell to Prussia after the First Silesian War in 1742 and finally after the Peace of Hubertusburg in 1763 . After the reorganization of Prussia, it belonged to the province of Silesia from 1815 and from 1816 was incorporated into the district of Glatz , with which it remained connected until 1945. Since 1874 it belonged to the district of Schlaney , which was renamed the district of Sackisch in 1924 . As early as 1921, at the request of the local population, the name was changed from Brzesowie to "Birkhagen". In 1939 Birkhagen consisted of 414 residents. Due to its geographical location and its earlier affiliation to the Nachod rulership, it had strong economic and cultural ties to Bohemia , although in contrast to the neighboring villages of the Bohemian Angle, it was not the ancient Czech, but a Glätzisch-German dialect that predominated.
As a result of the Second World War, Birkhagen, like almost all of Silesia , fell to Poland in 1945 and was first renamed Brzozowice , then Brzozów and later "Brzozowie". The German population was largely expelled, unless they had previously fled across the nearby border into Czechoslovakia . Some of the newly settled residents were displaced from eastern Poland . 1970 Brzozowie was incorporated to Kudowa-Zdrój and belonged to 1975-1998 Province Wałbrzych ( Waldenburg ). After the political change in 1989, the road connection to Česká Čermná, which had existed since ancient times and had been closed since 1945 during the time of communist rule, was opened.
Church affiliation
Brzesowie has belonged since ancient times to the parish of St. Laurentius in Nachod, which was initially incorporated into the East Bohemian deanery Dobruška in the diocese of Prague . After the establishment of the Diocese of Königgrätz in 1664, Nachod formed its own deanery in it. In 1730 the Bishop of Königgrätzer Wenzel Franz Karl Košinský of Košín granted the parish or parish permission to administer the sacrament in their branch church in Brzesowie. After the county of Glatz fell to Prussia in 1763, the church boundaries were also adjusted to the political ones. Brzesowie was therefore repared to the parish Tschorbeney in 1780 and thus affiliated to the dean's office Glatz , which belonged to the diocese of Prague until 1972 . 1972-2004 Brzezowie belonged to the Archdiocese of Wroclaw , since 2004 the Diocese of Świdnica ( Schweidnitz ) is responsible.
Attractions
- The branch church of St. Peter and Paul was built in 1716–1718 as a foundation by the canvas dealer George Baudisch (1671–1742), to whom an epitaph in front of the side altar of Mary commemorates. The deceased from neighboring Schlaney were also buried in the churchyard that was also laid out until 1780. In 1913 the nave was lengthened and a sacristy was added on the east side. In the main altar there is a painting with the patron saints, who are also depicted on the passageways on both sides of the altar. These sculptures are said to have been transferred here from St. John's Church in Staré Město nad Metují ( Old Town ). To the left and right of the altar painting are the figures of St. Katharina and Barbara. The pulpit is decorated with pictures of the four church doctors Gregor, Augustine, Hieronymus and Ambrosius. The former paintings of the fourteen Stations of the Cross are no longer there; they are said to have been given to a church in Breslau after the Second World War. The bell tower with an octagonal onion dome was built in 1731, the clock tower was donated in 1911 by the retired Tschorbeneyer pastor Julius Beck. In the 1990s, the church was renovated true to the original with the financial and active help of the former German residents.
- To the north is the forest chapel “To Our Lady of Sorrows ” ( Leśna kapliczka Matki Boskiej Bolesnej ). It was built in 1887 on the site of a small wooden chapel according to plans by the Munich architect Joseph Elsner .
- On the 622 m high Bohemian Koppe to the west there is an observation tower that offers a wide view of the Kudowa Valley and the Lewin Ländchen.
- Dobrošov fortress
Personalities
- Elias Siegel (1848–1914), dialect poet
literature
- Franz Albert: The history of the Hummel rule and its neighboring areas, first part: The Hummel rule up to the year 1477 . Self-published by the author, 1932
- Lydia Baštecká, Ivana Ebelová: Náchod , Nachod 2004, ISBN 80-7106-674-5 , pp. 77, 82, 110, 111, 129.
- Aloys Bach : Documented Church History of the County of Glaz [sic]. Wroclaw 1841.
- Norbert Bartonitschek: The church of Birkhagen . In: Grofschoaftersch Häämtebärnla 2009, pp. 75–79
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Marek Šebela, Jiři Fišer: České Názvy hraničních Vrchů, Sídel a vodních toků v Kladsku . In: Kladský sborník 5, 2003, p. 371.
- ↑ January Cizek, Jiří Slavík: Manská soustava nachodského hradu . In: Castellologica Bohemica 8, year 2002, p. 78f
- ↑ Jaroslav Šůla: Jména Homolského panství v XVI. a XVII. století jako dokladentenicity obyvatel regionu . In: Český Koutek v Kladsku. Kladský sborník 5. supplementum, ISBN 978-80-903509-8-4 , pp. 166–172.
- ↑ village Bertzesowy . In: Marie Ryantová: Berní rula , No. 34, ISBN 978-80-86712-43-7 , p. 35
- ↑ Schlaney district or Sackisch
- ^ Jan Karel Hraše: Dějiny Náchoda 1620–1740 . Náchod 1994, ISBN 80-900041-8-0 , p. 179.
- ↑ Alois Bartsch: The dialect of the county of Glatz. 1980, Marx Verlag.