Dobrošov fortress
The fortress Dobrosov ( Czech Pevnost Dobrosov ) than fort building part of the Czechoslovak Walls in Dobrosov (dt. Dobroschau ) at Nachod , which against a feared attack of the Army after the seizure should protect the Nazis. The unfinished fortress has been a national cultural monument of the Czech Republic since 1995 .
history
The armament of the Wehrmacht by Adolf Hitler after 1933 posed a serious threat to the Czechoslovak state . The Czechoslovak government was aware that it would not be able to protect the national borders and the population without structural defenses. This gave rise to the construction of the Czechoslovak protective wall from 1935 .
Construction of the Dobrošov Fortress began on September 13, 1937. Up to 490 workers were employed here in three shifts. The entire structure should cost 33,557,057.80 Czechoslovak crowns and provide space for a crew of 571 people. Women were not allowed to enter the facility. For the construction of the fortress, the Prague company Dr. Kapsa & Müller commissioned.
Due to the Munich Agreement in 1938, the construction workers completely stopped their work without completing the fortress. Because the city of Náchod was not included in the scope of the Munich Agreement ( Sudeten area ), the fortress itself came under German administration from 1939 to 1945 after the " smashing of the rest of Czech Republic " during the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia . During this occupation, the fortress was used for propaganda and test purposes. After the restoration of Czechoslovakia in 1945, the fortress passed to the Czechoslovak army . In 1968 the Dobrošov Fortress was handed over to the state for museum purposes .
In 1969 the museum and the fortress were opened to visitors. Since then there has been an exhibition about the Czechoslovak border fortifications. Another one about World War II was added later.
Description and location
The property is located at an altitude of about 600 m nm above the Dobrošov municipality of the same name . The corridors of the fortress are a total of 1750 m long. Most of the corridors and systems are supported by steel fuses and not equipped. In addition to numerous smaller bunkers, such as the LB 37 , which have been mass-produced, there are also seven large main objects. The three large, completed bunkers of the facility are called “Můstek”, “Jeřáb” and “Zelený”. A barracks with a military hospital , offices, machine rooms, filter and ventilation systems, ammunition stores and work rooms for filling empty cartridge cases were located underground . Endangered rooms such as the ammunition store and work rooms were spatially separated and specially secured to prevent the facility from unintentionally destroying itself.
| designation | Alias | Period of (concrete) work | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| NS 72 | Můstek | July 25-31, 1938 | completed, partially destroyed |
| NS 73 | Jeřáb | June 24 - July 2, 1938 | accomplished |
| NS 74 | Maliňák | Spring 1938 | not completed |
| NS 75 | Zelený | September 3-28, 1938 | accomplished |
| NS 76 | America | Autumn 1938 | not completed |
| NS 77 | Kaplička | Summer 1939 | not completed |
| NS 77a | Portal | Spring 1939 | not completed |
NS 72 "Můstek"
The bunker NS 72 "Můstek" is the highest bunker in the facility and was named after a nearby ski jump that is no longer in existence. The German Wehrmacht tested the firing power of a new tank destroyer at this facility . Only after several days of bombardment of the system did the reinforced concrete break due to overheating. Today there is a rusted rocket in the facade. The object is 619 m nm
NS 73 "Jeřáb"
“Jeřáb” was the first completely concreted object. Provisional beds and a provisions and ammunition store were set up within its premises . Drinking water was obtained from the underground rooms. The soldier Eduard Zicháček painted three wall paintings as a reminder of the consequences of the Munich dictation. These have been preserved to this day. In 1940 the German Reich shot a propaganda film for the newsreel here . According to the Propaganda Ministry, this should show the conquest of the French Maginot Line . The bullet points that were made during the filming are still visible today.
NS 75 "Zelený"
The “Zelený” artillery plant is the largest facility in the facility. It was named after the owner of the property. NS 75 is 47 m long, 16 m wide and 5.75 m high. The concreting took place in two steps. The first part was completed within five days, the second part within nine days. To build the structure, 5520 m³ of concrete were required. Three semi-automatic howitzers were planned as the main armament of the object . However, the guns never made it to their intended locations. In 1975 two smaller guns were set up here to serve as props for a Hungarian film. These inoperable models are still there today. In the lower part are the sanitary facilities and the accommodations of the soldiers and officers.
More bunkers
In addition to the three completed bunkers, there are four unfinished objects with the names NS 76 "America", NS 77 "Kaplička", NS 77a "Portál" and NS 74 "Maliňák". Concrete work for two of the bunkers had already started in 1938, while only a deep shaft and a construction pit had to be dug for the NS 77 bunker.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Facts about the Dobrošov Fortress ( Memento of the original from May 28, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed April 1, 2011 (Czech)
- ↑ History of the fortress ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed April 1, 2011 (Czech)
- ↑ History of Dobrošov Fortress ( Memento of the original from July 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed April 1, 2011 (Czech)
- ↑ a b c d Objects of the Dobrošov Fortress ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed April 1, 2011 (Czech)
- ↑ a b bunkry.cz: DĚLOSTŘELECKÁ TVRZ DOBROŠOV ( Memento of the original dated November 6, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed on May 19, 2011 (Czech)
Web links
- Website of the Dobrošov Fortress (Czech, partly also German, English and Polish)
Coordinates: 50 ° 24 ′ 8.8 ″ N , 16 ° 12 ′ 8.5 ″ E