Dobruška

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Dobruška
Dobruška coat of arms
Dobruška (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Královéhradecký kraj
District : Rychnov nad Kněžnou
Area : 3443 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 18 '  N , 16 ° 10'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 17 '33 "  N , 16 ° 9' 45"  E
Height: 287  m nm
Residents : 6,727 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 518 01 - 518 03
structure
Status: city
Districts: 8th
administration
Mayor : Petr Lžíčař (as of 2018)
Address: nám. FL Věka 11
518 01 Dobruška
Municipality number: 576271
Website : www.mestodobruska.cz

Dobruška (German Gutenfeld ) is a city in the Czech Republic . It is located in Eastern Bohemia in the foothills of the Eagle Mountains , by the Zlatý potok brook . It belongs to the district Rychnov nad Kněžnou in the region Hradec Kralove ( Hradec Kralove ).

history

Dobruška developed from a settlement called Leštno , where important trade routes crossed. In the following years the place was named after the owners of the estate, the lords of Dobruška .

Because of several city fires, only a few sources on the early city history have survived. The first mention comes from the year 1312, when a Johannes de Dobrusca is mentioned. In 1320 Mutina von Dobruška freed the subordinates from compulsory labor and at the same time confirmed their right to brew . During the reign of his son Sezema von Dobruška , the Königgrätzer or Magdeburg town charter was introduced in 1364 . The last owner from the Dobruška family was Johann Městecký von Opočno , who died in 1432. He bequeathed Dobruška to Georg / Jiřík von Dubá on Vízmburk , who linked it with his rule Frymburk . 1455 Dobruška was referred to as an oppidum of the Opočno rule , whose owners from 1495 were the Trčka von Leipa . Under their rule Dobruška experienced an economic boom, which made it a market place for the whole area. Numerous guild privileges have been handed down from this time . After the fire of 1565, the city was rebuilt in the Renaissance style.

After the Hussite Wars , almost the entire population professed Utraquism . At the beginning of the 17th century, Dobruška was a center of East Bohemian Protestantism . In the Thirty Years War , counter-Reformation measures began, which in 1628 resulted in an uprising among the subordinates. Because the followers of the Bohemian Brethren were able to hide in spite of the persecution , Protestant books were publicly burned in 1751. In the course of the re-Catholicization, the deanery church of St. Wenceslas was also rebuilt in baroque style at the beginning of the 18th century .

In the 19th century Dobruška was an East Bohemian center of the Czech national revival ( Obrozeni ), in which the merchant František Vladislav Hek and the chaplain Josef Liboslav Ziegler played an important role. The writer Alois Jirásek created a literary monument to Hek with his five-volume novel FL Věk .

In 1908 Dobruška received a connection to the railway network via the local line Opočno – Dobruschka .

Town twinning

Community structure

Aerial view

The villages of Dobruška include:

  • Běstviny ( Biestwin )
  • Domašin ( Domashin )
  • Chábory ( Habern )
  • Spáleniště ( burn hooves )
  • Pulice ( Pulitz )
  • Mělčany ( Mieltschan )
  • Křovice ( Krowitz )

Attractions

  • The Renaissance town hall with tower, which stands in the middle of the rectangular market square, was built in the second half of the 16th century.
  • The city museum is located in the town hall.
  • The originally Gothic parish church of St. Wenceslas ( Kostel svatého Václava ) was modified in Baroque style by M. Rossi in 1709–1725.
  • The baroque Marian column was erected in 1733–1736.
  • František Vladislav Hek's house
  • Renaissance style cemetery chapel
  • 17th century Jewish cemetery (one Jewish community has been known since 1545)
  • Synagogue built in the 19th century

  • The town hall

  • Marian column

  • Jewish Cemetery

Surroundings

  • Wooden building of a mill from 1816 in the village of Provoz, two kilometers northeast
  • The Skalka Castle (five kilometers southeast) was rebuilt in the Baroque style in 1738/39.

Personalities

  • František Vladislav Hek (1769–1847), advocate of the Czech national revival
  • Josef Mnohoslav Roštlapil (1809–1888), pastor and chronicler of Dobruška
  • František Kupka (1871–1957), painter; spent his childhood in Dobruška
  • František Adolf Šubert (1849–1915), dramaturge and director of the National Theater in Prague

literature

Web links

Commons : Dobruška  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)