Dobruška and Opočno

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The lords of Dobruška and Opočno (Czech Páni z Dobrušky a Opočna ) were a Bohemian noble family , whose members initially designated themselves with the predicate "von Dobruška" and after 1374 with the predicate "von Opočno". Their possessions were mainly in the old Bohemian Königgrätzer Kreis in Eastern Bohemia (today Královéhradecký kraj in the Czech Republic). It was named after the towns of Dobruška and Opočno , which lie in the foothills of the Eagle Mountains .

history

The later lords of Dobruška probably owned the Kostomlaty castle on the Elbe. The first member of the family known by name was Mutina von Kostomlaty (* around 1234), whose title is occupied by Dobruška from 1284 onwards. This Mutina from Dobruška relocated his sphere of activity to Eastern Bohemia in the 1270s / 80s, where he earned services for the colonization of the Eagle Mountains foothills. Since, according to the Dalimil Chronicle , he built the castle in Skuhrov there, he is also known as "Mutina von Skuchrow" ( Mutina Skuhrovský ). The marriage of his daughter Elisabeth / Eliška with the South Bohemian nobleman Heinrich I von Rosenberg around 1285 brought him into contact with the powerful noble family of the Witigones .

Mutina's sons, who no longer used the predicates of Kostomlaty or of Skuhrow , supported the Bohemian King John of Luxembourg and continued the colonization that their father had begun. With Johann / Jan von Dobruška ( Johannes de Dobrusca † 1332), the town of the same name was named for the first time in 1312, to which his brother Mutina († 1332) confirmed the brewing rights in 1320 and exempted the subordinates from compulsory labor .

The real rise of the family began around the middle of the 14th century when Mutina's son Sezema von Dobruška († 1373) succeeded in acquiring the former sovereign fortress Opočno with the town and rule of Opočno. For the year 1361 he is documented as the owner of Tinischt and Bohuslavice . On May 26, 1364 he gave Dobruška the Magdeburg law . He was married to Elisabeth Smiřický von Smiřice and rebuilt the Opočner Fortress into a castle where he and his family resided. He died in 1373 and was buried in the family vault in the St. Wenceslas Church in Dobruška. He left the sons Stephan / Štěpán, Johann / Jan and Jaroslaw / Jaroslav as well as the daughter Sophie / Žofie ( Ofka ). From 1374 they only used the title "von Opočno" ( z Opočna ) and agreed at the end of the 1370s to divide the inherited estates. The third-born brother Johann / Jan received the Frymburk Castle with the surrounding villages and half of Dobruška. To distinguish him from his nephew of the same name, he is also known as Johann d. Ä. or Johann von Frymburk ( Jan starší or Jan z Frymburku ). The middle brother Jaroslaw received the original Dobrzan family festival and the second half of Dobruška. The eldest brother Stephan received the castle and manor Opočno with the town of the same name.

Although Stephan had to sell his property in the 1390s due to over-indebtedness, he managed to gain an important position at the court of the Bohemian and Roman-German King Wenceslaus , from whom he received the royal castles of Lichtemburg and Žleby in the Iron Mountains as pledges . He also acquired Chlumetz from Ulrich von Sternberg (Oldřich ze Šternberka) , where he began building a fortress. In 1396 King Wenceslas appointed him governor of the Hereditary Duchy of Wroclaw . On June 4, 1397 he sold Chlumetz to his brother-in-law Otto von Bergow . Due to allegations of treason, he was only a week later, on 11 June 1397, together with the royal councils Stefan Poduska of Martinitz , Burkhard Strnad of Janowitz and the Prior of St John Marquard of Strakonice from Troppau-Ratibor Duke Johann II. On the castle Karlstein murdered. Presumably for this reason, Stephen's brothers Johann / Jan and Jaroslaw, who nevertheless managed to hold a high position at the royal court, used the title “von Dobruška” again for a while.

Stephen's only son Johann Městecký von Opočno , who often appeared in literature with his uncle Johann / Jan the Elder. Ä. confused, was initially under the tutelage of his uncle Yaroslav. Johann d. J. ( Johann Městecký ) turned to the war trade and fought in the Hussite Wars on the side of the Catholic nobility, but submitted to the Hussites in 1421 and 1430 . With his death, the lords of Dobruška and Opočno died out in 1432.

Family list of gentlemen from Dobruška and Opočno

  1. Sezema from Kostomlaty ( documented 1223–1265 )
  2. Mutina from Kostomlaty; also Mutina von Skuchrow / Mutina Skuhrovský , Mutina von Dobruška ( documented 1279-1290 )
    1. Čeněk von Dobruška ( title occupied 1312 )
    2. Sezema from Dobruška ( predicate attested 1317 )
    3. Johann / Jan († 1332)
    4. Mutina of Dobruška († 1332)
      1. uncertain: Jitka († before 1383)
      2. uncertain: Kunka († before 1383)
      3. Sezema of Dobruška († 1373); ∞ with Elisabeth / Eliška Smiřický from Smiřice
        1. Stephan / Štěpán von Opočno († 1397); ∞ with Katharina von Bergow ( Kačna z Bergova )
          1. Johann Městecký von Opočno (also Johann the Younger / Jan mladší ) with his death in 1432, the family of the lords of Dobruška and Opočno went extinct
        2. Johann d. Ä., Also Johann von Frymburk ( Jan starší ; Jan Frymburský † before 1430)
        3. Jaroslaw, ∞ with Anna von Choustník († before 1410)
    5. Elisabeth / Eliška von Dobruška († 1310); ∞ with Heinrich I. von Rosenberg

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://hrady-zamky.infocesko.cz/content/orlicke-hory-podhuri-historicke-zajimavosti-zricenina-hradu-skuhrov-nad-belou-rozhledna.aspx Castle Skuhrov (Czech)
  2. ↑ For the salvation of his soul , his brother-in-law Peter I. von Rosenberg donated masses in Hohenfurth Abbey