Słone (Kudowa-Zdrój)

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Słone
Coat of arms of ????
Słone (Poland)
Słone
Słone
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
Powiat : Kłodzko
District of: Kudowa-Zdrój
Geographic location : 50 ° 26 '  N , 16 ° 13'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 26 '14 "  N , 16 ° 13' 19"  E
Residents :
Economy and Transport
Street : Náchod - Kłodzko
Rail route : Kłodzko – Kudowa Zdrój
Next international airport : Wroclaw



Słone (German Schlaney , 1937–1945 Schnellau , Czech Slaney , also Slaný , Slané ) is a district of the municipality of Kudowa-Zdrój ( Bad Kudowa ) in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland .

Geography and border location

Map of the County of Glatz from 1747

Słone is located in the far west of the Glatzer Kessel , in the valley of the Bystra ( Schnelle ), which flows southwest of Słone into the Metuje ( Mettau ), which forms the border with the Czech Republic here. Neighboring towns are Czermna ( Tscherbeey / Grenzck ) and Kudowa-Zdrój in the northeast, Zakrze ( Sackisch ) in the east, Jeleniów ( Gellenau ) in the southeast and Brzozowie ( Birkhagen ) in the south. Beyond the border are Velké Poříčí in the north-west and Malé Poříčí in the west. In the southwest is the border crossing Kudowa-Zdrój-Náchod, which leads over the Mettau Bridge to the Nachoder district of Běloves. Cross-border traffic runs on Europastraße 67 , the route of which dates back to ancient times and which was expanded in connection with the construction of the rail link at the beginning of the 20th century.

The road connection from Nachod via Politz to Braunau used to lead via Schlaney, as the current road to the right of the Mettau did not yet exist. This was only created after Prussia took possession of the County of Glatz in 1763 and parts of the previous route to the left of the Mettau were now on Prussian territory.

Due to its geographical location directly on the old trade and military route Prague - Königgrätz - Glatz - Breslau and its previous membership of the Nachod rule and from 1601 to the city of Náchod, Schlaney belonged to the so-called Bohemian corner and had strong economic and cultural ties to Bohemia .

history

Slaney , whose name is derived from "slany" ( salty ), was probably founded in the second half of the 13th century. It belonged to the Nachod rule in the old Bohemian Königgrätzer Kreis and formed a unit with Brzesowie to the south . The first known owner was a knight Olbranek who lived in Schlaney. For the year 1403 a Junker Johann is documented, who called himself Naton von Slaney ( Jan, řečený Náton ) and followed the Kuneš von Slaney in 1410. In 1422 at the latest it came to the knight Tobias / Dobeš von Doubrawitz, whose ancestral seat was Doubravice near Neustadt . He expanded his estate by three rods of fields and called himself Slanský von Doubrawitz ( Slanský z Doubravic ). In 1447/48 it was pledged to Taraba von Schlaney ( Taraba ze Slané ). The next owner was Johann Slanský von Doubrawitz, who is documented as a royal junker ( zeman královy milosti ) in 1465 .

Under Duke Heinrich d. Ä. who inherited the Nachod and Hummel reigns and the Glatz county after the death of the Bohemian King Georg von Podiebrad in 1472 , the village of Schlaney was incorporated into the Hummel reign in 1477. The Schlaneyer Vorwerk ( poplužní dvůr ) with one and a half hooves of arable land, two desert areas and a fish pond and the village of Brzesowie remained subject to the Nachod rule.

Since Duke Heinrich d. Ä. resided in Glatz, he also united the rule Hummel in 1477 with his county Glatz. At the same time he gave it as a fiefdom to the Saxon nobleman Hildebrand von Kauffung , who increasingly populated the villages of his rule, which were partially depopulated by the Hussite Wars, with Germans. The Schlaneyer fiefdom remained connected to the Nachod rule.

On January 17, 1480, Duke Heinrich d. Ä. to Johann Slanský the privileges on his Schlaneyer and Brzesowier fiefs, with which an easement to the Nachod Castle was connected. It consisted of the duty to do duty on foot with a crossbow and with armor suitable for a marksman in an emergency . Like the castle servants, the feudal taker was also entitled to food at the Nachoder castle. The fiefdom Tobias / Dobeš Slanský inherited from Johann Slanský. In 1497 Duke Heinrich d. Ä. the Schlaneyer fiefdom, which at that time consisted of a farmer, a gardener and the village of Brzesowie, also passed to the Hummel rulership, with Hildebrand von Kauffung having to confirm Tobias / Dobeš Slanský's previous privileges. As a result, Tobias / Dobeš Slanský and his fiefdom were subordinate to the Hummel rule, so that from this point on, Schlaney belonged entirely to the Hummel rule. It is not known where the structures of the Vorwerk were. In 1517 Tobias / Dobeš Slanský sold his farm in Schlaney, which he had acquired from Georg / Jiří Taraba in 1508, and took his seat on another farm.

In 1525 the owner of the Nachod estate, Johann Špetle von Pruditz ( Jan Špetle z Prudic a ze Žlebů ), lifted the Schlaneyer fief including Brzesowie and changed it for his castle captain Tobias / Dobeš Slanský von Doubrawitz, to whom he later became the knight's seat in the same year Kleintscherma donated to an outdoor farm that was entered in the country table . Tobias / Dobeš Slanský was mentioned for the last time in 1541. From his four sons Johann / Jan d. J. Schlaney. The last owner from the Slanský von Doubrawitz family was again a Tobias / Dobeš, who died childless in 1596. Presumably because the Hummel rule had already been dissolved, the whole of Schlaney now fell to the Bohemian Chamber as a settled fiefdom .

In 1601 the Bohemian Chamber sold Schlaney to the city of Nachod. In his capacity as King of Bohemia, Emperor Rudolf II confirmed the purchase on April 17, 1601. According to the Berní rula of 1653, it consisted of 13 farmers, 15 gardeners and two deserted areas . However, the contribution was transferred to the County of Glatz. After a fire and the destruction of the Thirty Years War , the fortress ( tvrz ), first mentioned in the documents after 1601, was replaced by new buildings in 1666. As the town Nachod during the rule of the Trčka of Lípa about 1625 for their city the right to brew beer had lost, it established in 1684 a brewery in Słone remained Nachod to 1845 owned by the city. After that, it produced Carl Herden as the brewery until 1945 . The property belonging to the Dominium remained in the possession of the city of Nachod without interruption until the expropriation without compensation in 1945.

Together with the County of Glatz, Schlaney fell to Prussia after the First Silesian War in 1742 and finally after the Peace of Hubertusburg in 1763 . After the reorganization of Prussia, it belonged to the province of Silesia from 1815 and from 1816 was incorporated into the district of Glatz , with which it remained connected until 1945. In addition to Schlaney, the administrative district of Schlaney , formed in 1874, also included the rural communities of Brzesowie and Sackisch as well as the Schlaney manor district.

During the German War of 1866, General Steinmetz is said to have directed the fighting at the Battle of Nachod for a while from the Tschöpe Inn , which was located directly next to the Prussian customs office .

In 1906 Schlaney received a railway connection by extending the line from Kudowa-Sackisch . The railway extension towards Nachod was then built up to the state border ( customs office ), but could not be put into operation because the short connection planned by the Czech side from Běloves to the Prussian state border was not implemented. From March 1945 provisional tracks and a bridge over the Mettau from the protectorate border to the nearby Běloves train station were built for military reasons . This rail connection was used to transport Lufthansa accessories that were manufactured by forced laborers in the post or metal structure (formerly the textile company Eduard Doctor ) and in the former Katzau company in Babi , to the war front. Because the end of the war was near, this did not happen. Up until the end of the war on May 8, 1945, this route was mainly used for clearing trains in front of the approaching front, in order to move military equipment and railway vehicles to the west. After 1945, the tracks between Kudowa-Sackisch and the state border were dismantled, the embankment is still partially in place.

In 1937 Schlaney was renamed Schnellau . In the same year, the district of Schlaney was renamed the district of Sackisch .

As a result of the Second World War, Schlaney, like almost all of Silesia , fell to Poland in 1945 and received the place name Słone . The German population was largely expelled unless they had previously fled across the nearby border into Czechoslovakia . Some of the newly settled residents were displaced from eastern Poland . 1970 Słone was incorporated to Kudowa-Zdrój and belonged to 1975-1998 Province Wałbrzych ( Waldenburg ).

Church affiliation

Schlaney belonged since ancient times to the parish of St. Laurentius in Nachod, which was initially incorporated into the East Bohemian deanery Dobruška and archdeaconate Königgrätz in the Archdiocese of Prague . After the establishment of the Diocese of Königgrätz in 1664, Nachod formed its own deanery in it. After the county of Glatz fell to Prussia in 1763, the church boundaries were also adjusted to the political ones. In 1780, Schlaney was therefore affiliated to the Tschorbeney parish and thus to the Glatz dean's office, which was headed by the great dean from 1810 and which belonged to the diocese of Prague until 1972 . 1972-2004 Słone belonged to the Archdiocese of Wroclaw , since 2004 it belongs to the Diocese of Świdnica ( Schweidnitz ).

Attractions

Chapel in the Green Valley ( Zielona Dolina )
  • The "Church of the Birth of Mary" ( kościół Narodzenia NMP ) was built according to plans by the Schlaney-born architect Joseph Elsner and inaugurated on September 9, 1909. The altars and the pulpit were delivered from his Munich workshops to the "Institute for Church Art". The altars were composed of older Baroque figures and ornaments , the altar paintings are said to have been painted by Elsner himself. The organ was supplied by the Schweidnitz company Schlag & Söhne . The ceiling painting was created in 1934 by the Habelschwerdter painter Herbert Blaschke, the other wall paintings by the Landeck church painter Leo Richter.
  • About one kilometer to the south is the forest chapel "To the painful Mother of God" ( Leśna kapliczka Matki Boskiej Bolesnej ), a small Marian pilgrimage site with a spring that has been venerated by believers as miraculous and has been visited since around 1830. The current chapel was also built in 1887 according to plans by Joseph Elsner. The altar comes from his workshop and was donated by him; likewise the bell and a statue of the Virgin Mary.

Personalities

literature

  • Franz Albert: The history of the Hummel rule and its neighboring areas. First part: The rule of Hummel up to the year 1477. Self-published by the author, Münster 1932, pp. 86–88.
  • Aloys Bach : Documented Church History of the County of Glaz [sic]. Breslau 1841, pp. 298, 309, 373, 379 and 509 (under the heading “Slaney”).
  • Lydia Baštecká, Ivana Ebelová: Náchod , Nachod 2004, ISBN 80-7106-674-5 .
  • Jan Karel Hraše: Dějiny Náchoda , Vol. I. Nachod 1895; Vol. II, Nachod 1994, ISBN 80-900041-8-0 .
  • Jan Čižek, Jiří Slavík: Manská soustava nachodského hradu . In: Castellologica Bohemica 8, year 2002, p. 78f.
  • Jan Čižek: Ke stavební podobě Slánského dvora v 16. století . In: Kladský Sbornik 1, 1996, pp. 89–96.

Web links

Commons : Słone  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Marek Šebela, Jiři Fišer: České Názvy hraničních Vrchů, Sídel a vodních toků v Kladsku . In: Kladský sborník 5, 2003, p. 378
  2. ^ Page 47 in: Náchod, s. Bibliography
  3. ↑ s. Detail of the map from 1747
  4. ↑ Ladislav Hladký: Dějiny Malé Čermné - Obce na Česko-Kladských hranicích - do roku 1850 . Hronov 2010, ISBN 978-80-254-7442-2 , p. 7
  5. ↑ Jaroslav Šůla: Jména obyvatel homolského panství v XVI. a XVII. století jako doklad etnicity obyvatel regionu . In: Český koutek v Kladsku. Kladský sbornik, supplementum 5, Trutnov 2008, pp. 153-208
  6. ↑ The authenticity of the document from 1497 is, however, doubted by some researchers.
  7. ↑ Ladislav Hladký: Svědectví zhostních listů a dalších archiválií o změnách v pravním postaveni panství Homole v Kladském hrabství před Bílou horou . In: Sborník prací východočeskýych archivů. Issue 10, 2005, pp. 149-163, here pp. 151f. with footnote 23
  8. ↑ Ladislav Hladký: Dějiny Malé Čermné - Obce na Česko-Kladských hranicích - do roku 1850 . Hronov 2010, ISBN 978-80-254-7442-2 , pp. 7f.
  9. ^ The village of Slaney, belonging to the town of Nahot [Náchod] in the Kingdom of Boheimb and gives the contribution to the county of Glatz . In: Marie Ryantová: Berní rula , No. 34, ISBN 978-80-86712-43-7 , p. 48
  10. ↑ brewery
  11. ^ Dieter Pohl : Short history of the county Glatz online
  12. ↑ Schlaney / Sackisch district
  13. ^ Karl Schindler: When the poet Liliencron moved through the county in the war years of 1866 . Grofschoaftersch Häämtebärnla. 1959, p. 53
  14. ↑ Zdeněk Jánský: Poslední válečné události v roce 1945 v Náchodě a okolí . In: Stopami dějin Náchodska issue 6, Náchod 2000, ISBN 80-902158-7-4 , pp. 165–191, here pp. 166, 168 and footnote 5
  15. ↑ Karl Wietek: The Schnellauer built their church 60 years ago . Grafschafter Bote 10/1969, p. 10
  16. ^ Rudolf Karger: The "living rosary" in the Schlaneyer Church . Arnestusblatt, Arnestus-Druckerei, Glatz 1934
  17. ↑ The occasional statement in pl and cs sources that the church was built in 1780 and rebuilt in 1909 is definitely wrong according to the above EN.
  18. ^ The Marienbrünnel between Schnellau and Birkhagen . In: Grofschoaftersch Häämtebärnla. Glatz County Yearbook , 1990, pp. 98-100