Edward Doctor

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Eduard Doctor (1911–1918 Eduard Ritter von Doctor ; * February 17, 1858 in Náchod , Bohemia , † June 23, 1926 in Vienna ) was an important Bohemian textile entrepreneur in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy . After its demise in 1918, his companies were in Czechoslovakia , Italy and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia .

Life

Eduard Doctor came from a post or Jewish family. His parents were Herman S. Doctor and Rosalie, geb. Fink (1831-1904). Around 1850 his father owned the textile factory “K. k. Post or mechanical weaving and finishing Herman S. Doctor ”(in Czech Textilní továrna Doctor ), which was the first of the post or textile factories to introduce steam engines to operate the looms. In 1896, 950 people were employed.

After the death of their father in 1897, Eduard Doctor and his brother Moritz Doctor (1860–1929) inherited the businesses they had left in Bohemia and Hungary. Two years later strikes broke out in the post or textile companies Doctor, Mautner , Hitschmann and Pick. In addition to demands for a wage increase, the strike probably also had an anti-Semitic background, as all Jewish shops in Nachod had been looted at the same time. After the management of the Doctor company responded to the strikers' demands and increased wages, the strike in the Doctor company was peacefully ended. Presumably for this reason Eduard and Moritz Doctor moved their residence to Vienna in the following years, from where they managed their businesses. They use German-speaking representatives for the local management. The textile products produced were exported to the Balkans , the Orient , South America and Switzerland .

After the death of her mother Rosalie in 1904, the Doctor's operations were split up: Eduard Doctor became the sole owner of the Nachoder company in 1905, and his company was now called “K. k. Post or mechanical weaving and finishing by Eduard Doctor ”. In 1905 Eduard von Antonín Kočnar bought another weaving mill in Nachod. He also worked as an Ordinary Councilor ( Správní rada ) for the " Rothkosteletzer and Erlacher Spinning and Weaving". Because of his economic success, he was given the title of Kommerzienrat and the Order of the Iron Crown III on November 21, 1911 by Emperor Franz Joseph I. Class awarded. On December 5, 1911, he was raised to the nobility with the title "Knight of Doctor". In 1913 1200 workers were employed on 1430 looms. In 1913 Eduard Doctor founded a sports club and a chess club for his employees. In 1917 he took his son-in-law Dr. Ernst Zucker as a partner in his companies.

Production had to be restricted from 1916 during the First World War. Since there were not enough raw materials available, fabrics were only allowed to be produced for the needs of the Imperial Army . After the establishment of Czechoslovakia , Eduard Doctor continued to own his company. In 1923 he sold the branch in Nachoder Komenského ulici to the rubber goods manufacturer Josef Kudrnáč. At the same time he sold the house on Nachoder Marktplatz.

Eduard Doctor died on June 26, 1926 in Vienna. Since his only son Friedrich had died in 1915, the Doctor's textile company in Nachod passed to his wife Olga, née Werthauer (1860–1931). From 1930 the operation was gradually shut down and from 1933 the stocks were sold.

After the Sudeten crisis , the Doctor company was confiscated as Jewish property in 1940 and Aryanized . In 1942 the textile business was closed, the company building was rebuilt and well equipped with machinery. The factory rooms were made available to the company Metallbauwerk Nachod KG Zimmermann, Schilling & Co., which u. a. Manufactured accessories for the Messerschmitt BF 111, the V1 and the Focke-Wulf . For the most part, Nazi forced laborers were hired for the work . One of them was the later writer Josef Škvorecký , who describes this period in his novels and his résumé. After the end of the Second World War in 1945, the former Doctor's company was expropriated by Czechoslovakia. In 1947 it was placed under the post or textile association "Východočeské bavlnářské zavody" and liquidated in 1948 .

Eduard Doctor owned other textile companies when he died in 1926 in Maribor ( Mariborska tekstilna tvornica - Doctor in drug ) and in Pressburg . In Trieste he was involved in a transport company. The place of business was Vienna.

The archives of the Nachoder company Doctor for the years 1851 to 1941 are in the collection “Náchodská strojní tkalcovna a úpravna, Eduard Doctor, Náchod” in the Zámrsk State Archives .

family

Eduard Doctor was married to Olga Werthauer (1860–1931). The children came from marriage:

  • Jella / Yella, born April 21, 1884 in Vienna, † 1942 in New York, married. Dukes, divorced Goldschmidt;
  • Hilda, born December 4, 1885 in Nachod, † November 20, 1925 in Vienna, married. with Dr. Serious Sugar
  • Friedrich (1887–1815)

literature

  • Lydia Baštecká, Ivana Ebelová: Náchod . Náchod 2004, ISBN 80-7106-674-5 , pp. 167, 178, 180, 182, 191, 198, 206 and 217

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Textilka Doctor
  2. ↑ Chess Club
  3. ^ Sports club ( Memento from October 3, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ Olga Werthauer obituary
  5. ^ Metallbauwerk Nachod KG Zimmermann, Schilling & Co., Nachod Protectorate  in the German Digital Library
  6. ↑ Maribor textile factory
  7. ↑ Obituary notice Mariborer Zeitung v. June 27, 1926.
  8. ^ Zámrsk Archives
  9. ↑ Obituary notice of daughter Hilda, married. sugar
personal data
SURNAME Doctor, Eduard
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Doctor, Eduard Ritter von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bohemian textile entrepreneur
DATE OF BIRTH February 17, 1858
PLACE OF BIRTH Náchod , Bohemia
DATE OF DEATH June 23, 1926
Place of death Vienna , Austria