Niwa (Szczytna)
| Niwa | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lower Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | Kłodzko | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 27 ' N , 16 ° 30' E | ||
| Height : | 380 m npm | ||
| Residents : | |||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 74 | ||
| License plate : | DKL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Next international airport : | Wroclaw | ||
Niwa (German Reichenau ) is a village in the powiat Kłodzki in the Voivodeship of Lower Silesia . It is located ten kilometers west of Kłodzko and belongs to the Szczytna municipality .
geography
Niwa lies at the southeastern foot of the Heuscheuergebirge . Neighboring towns are Suszyna in the north, Kamieniec and Tworów ( Ludwigsdörfel ) in the east, Szalejów Górny in the southeast, Wolany and Polanica Górna in the south, Chocieszów and Studzienna ( Kaltenbrunn ) in the west and Kopanka ( Agnesfeld ) and Raszków in the northwest.
history
The first written mention of Reichenau (also: Richnow; Richenow; Richenau, Reichenaw ) took place in 1337. For 1384 is in a directory of the Prague Archdiocese of St. Veit parish church, which belonged to the Glatzer deanery . The villages of Stolzenau and Rolling were also parish to her. The first known owner was Katharina von Richnow around 1350. Reichenau later consisted of several parts, which mostly had different owners. These included the von Nimptsch , von Falkenhain , Donig , Hofer von Hoferburg, von Ratschin, von Fitsch, von Reden , von Hartig families as well as the Glatzer Augustinians and their legal successors, the Jesuits . At the end of the 18th century, the shares were united under the owner Anton Franz.
During the time of the Reformation , the Reichenau church served as a Protestant church. In the course of the re-Catholicization , it was again assigned to the Catholics in 1623, but lost the status of a parish church and became a subsidiary church of Oberschwedeldorf.
After the First Silesian War in 1742 and finally with the Peace of Hubertusburg in 1763, Reichenau came to Prussia together with the County of Glatz . For the year 1796: a branch church, a stately Vorwerk , a schoolhouse, a water mill, twelve farmers and 26 gardeners and cottagers .
After the reorganization of Prussia, Reichenau belonged to the province of Silesia since 1815 and was incorporated into the district of Glatz from 1816–1945 . In 1939 there were 523 inhabitants. As a result of the Second World War , it fell to Poland like all of Silesia in 1945 and was renamed Niwa . The German population was expelled in 1946. Some of the new residents were displaced from eastern Poland . The number of inhabitants decreased significantly and was around 390 in the 1980s. From 1975 to 1998 Niwa belonged to the Wałbrzych Voivodeship (German: Waldenburg )
Knight's seat
An estate ( Vorwerk ) belonged to this share . The first known owner was Katharina von Reichenau ( Richnow ) around 1350 . At the end of the 14th century, the knight's seat probably belonged to Konrad von Nimptsch. Later it came to the Bohemian king and in 1499 belonged to the Royal Chamber as part of the Koritau reign . In 1577, Emperor Rudolf II sold the rulership of Koritau with Reichenau and other chamber villages to his cupbearer Friedrich von Falkenhain to cover the costs of the Turkish war . His son Seifried sold his Reichenau estate in 1612 to Christoph Donig von Zdanitz on Niedersteine . This already owned an estate in Oberschwedeldorf, with which he united his Reichenau estate. Because of his participation in the Bohemian class uprising , his goods were confiscated by the emperor in 1625 and he was sentenced to life imprisonment. In 1628 Reichenau received instead of a debt claim from Baron Carl von Strasolde as an inheritance . He sold it in 1629 to the imperial councilor Johann Angelo von Morgante on Volpersdorf and Schlegel , after whom his Oberschwedeldorfer estate was named Engelhof . The next owner in 1637 was Georg von Gronenberg, who sold it to the imperial colonel Wolfgang Ferdinand von Fitsch in 1640. In 1642 he became the commandant of the fortress Glatz and in 1647 acquired the rule of Koritau. He was followed in 1652 by his son Otto Heinrich von Fitsch, who ceded Reichenau to his son of the same name in 1675. He sold it in 1685 to Johann Isaias von Hartig, who in the same year also acquired the Koritau estate from Wolfgang Ferdinand von Fitsch. Then Reichenau was again united with the Koritau rule. In 1761 Anton Casimir von Hartig sold the Koritau rulership with Reichenau to Leopold Genedel, an heir to the Neuroderm Kommerzienrat, heir to Niederrathen . His heirs sold it to Oberamtsrat Anton Graf von Haugwitz , heir to Pischkowitz . In 1796 he sold the villages of Reichenau, Kamnitz and Ludwigsdörfel as well as the two farms in Oberschwedeldorf to Anton Franz.
Freirichtergut
In addition to a farm with farm buildings, the Freirichtergut also included a flour mill, the craftsmen and four cottagers. Nikolaus Walter is recorded as the owner for 1402, in whose family it remained for several generations. After the Thirty Years' War , the estate was acquired by the Glatzer dean Chrysostomus Langer, pastor of Habelschwerdt . After his death in 1667 it went to Johann Heinrich Hofer von Hoferburg auf Oberwernesdorf ( Wallisfurth ), who was followed by his son-in-law Georg Friedrich von Ratschin in 1674. In 1681 he sold this property with all its accessories to Baron Ferdinand von Fitsch, from whom Johann Isaias von Hartig acquired it in 1685.
Attractions
- The parish church of St. Veit, mentioned in 1384, was rebuilt in 1623 and expanded in 1787. Tombs from the Renaissance period are built into the outer wall .
literature
- Joseph Kögler : The chronicles of the county Glatz . Revised by Dieter Pohl . Volume 3, ISBN 3-927830-15-1 , pp. 68-72 and 75-78.
- Verlag Aktion Ost-West eV: The Glatzer Land . ISBN 3-928508-03-2 , p. 89.