Szczytna

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Szczytna
Szczytna coat of arms
Szczytna (Poland)
Szczytna
Szczytna
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
Powiat : Kłodzko
Area : 80.65  km²
Geographic location : 50 ° 25 '  N , 16 ° 27'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 24 '50 "  N , 16 ° 26' 49"  E
Height : 450 m npm
Residents : 5141
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 57-330
Telephone code : (+48) 74
License plate : DKL
Economy and Transport
Street : Kłodzko - Kudowa Zdrój
Rail route : Kłodzko – Kudowa Zdrój
Next international airport : Wroclaw
Gmina
Gminatype: Urban and rural municipality
Gmina structure: 13 towns
7 school offices
Surface: 133.16 km²
Residents: 7276
(June 30, 2019)
Population density : 55 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 0208143
Administration (as of 2012)
Mayor : Marek Szpanier
Address:
ul.Wolności 42 57-330 Szczytna
Website : www.szczytna.pl



Szczytna (German Rückers ) is a city in Poland . It belongs to the powiat Kłodzki in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship and is also the seat of the urban and rural municipality of the same name .

geography

The place lies between the Heuscheuergebirge and the Habelschwerdter Gebirge in a basin through which the Reinerzer Weistritz flows at the entrance of the Höllental . Neighboring towns are Polanica-Zdrój in the east, Sokołówka in the southeast, Bobrowniki and Szklarnia in the south, Bystra , Duszniki-Zdrój and Dolina in the west and Złotno , Ocieszów and Batorów in the northwest.

history

The first documentary mention of Rukers , which was also referred to as Rückarsdorf in older documents , comes from the year 1347. It initially consisted of two parts and a free judge property . A part belonged to the rule Hummel and in 1351 was owned by Nikel von Glaubos ( Glaubitz ). For the other part, Georg von Lazan is recorded for 1460 , who sold it in 1463 to the Glatzer country clerk Paul von Grätz. 1478 owned this part of Sigmund von Lazan, who died without heirs, so that his possessions as a settled fiefdom to Duke Heinrich d. Ä. fell. In 1494 he donated half of the Rückers to the Glatzer Augustinerstift , which sold this share to the Glatzer captain Hans Prag von Wellnitz in 1543. In 1546 he also acquired the Rückerser Richtergut and built a stately home two years later. In 1552 both goods came to the Glatzer pledgee Ernst von Bayern , to whom the rule Hummel belonged since 1549, so that all shares of Rückers were united under one owner. In 1567, Duke Ernst's heirs sold the entire County of Glatz and the rule of Hummel to Emperor Rudolf II , so that Rückers now belonged to the sovereign chamber .

In 1579, Emperor Rudolf II handed over the Rückers chamber property with all rights and a quarry to his councilor and personal physician Johann Crato von Krafftheim as a fief. He built a castle on the site of the manorial house, to which he retired after his discharge from court service. He was friends with Martin Luther and Philipp Melanchthon and built a small church in 1580 with the approval and financial support of the emperor, where he founded a reformed congregation. The church is said to have been the oldest Lutheran church in the County of Glatz and all of Silesia . After Crato's death in 1606, his son Johannes inherited the Rückers estate, from which it passed to his widow Anna, née Heugel von Polkowitz. She married in second marriage with the Breslau captain Abraham Jenkwitz and after his death in 1609 in third marriage with the imperial court chamber councilor Paul von Krauseneck. In 1623 she was again a widow.

During the Thirty Years' War in 1627 the imperial troops looted the place and burned down the castle, which was rebuilt after the end of the war. There were further looting and fires by the Swedes in 1646.

In 1639, Emperor Ferdinand III. the Gut Rückers as an allodial property to the doctor Dr. Isaias Sachs. This was a son of the neuroder pastor Jonas Sachs and worked in 1628 as a physicist for the county of Glatz. After his conversion to Catholicism, he became the imperial physician and rural physician of Bohemia . In 1650 he received the subjects from the three chamber villages Hartau , Utschendorf and Friedersdorf from the Bohemian King Ferdinand IV . After his death in 1655, his widow Margareta (Sybilla), née von Hartig , became a universal heir. In 1668 she left the property to her cousin Johann Isaias von Hartig in her will. During the reign of Rückers in 1684, he acquired the chamber villages of Jauernig , Nerbotin , Löschney , Keilendorf , Tschischney , Kessel and Hallatsch, as well as a forest that stretched from Rückers to Passendorf . In 1685 the entire Koritau rule came into his possession. He died in 1708 and Rücker's reign fell to his youngest ( fourth ) son, Baron Christoph Cajetan von Hartig. He died in 1719 without heirs and bequeathed the Rückers estate to his brother Johann Hubert Reichsgraf von Hartig, who founded the Johannesthal colony around 1724. After his death in 1741, his daughter Maria Antonia inherited the property. She was married to the Saxon Lieutenant General Franz von Bellegarde and bequeathed the rule of Rücker to her sons Friedrich and Heinrich.

The church, built between 1721 and 1723, was a branch church of the Reinerz parish for the first twenty years. In 1743 it was elevated to a parish church and subsequently the villages of Utschendorf, Gläsendorf and Hartau were dedicated to it. In 1790 the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm II had a fort built on the 580 m high Steinberg , which was supposed to serve the national defense.

Grave of the royal major Leopold von Hochberg in the parish cemetery in Rückers

After the First Silesian War in 1742 and finally in 1763 with the Peace of Hubertusburg , Rückers and the County of Glatz fell to Prussia . 1781 Friedrich founded the colony of Bellegarde Friedrichsberg with a stately Vorwerk and twelve settlers houses. In 1784 he sold Rücker's rule to the Prussian Colonel Michael Baron von Stillfried auf Neurode, from whom his second son Friedrich von Stillfried auf Hausdorf inherited it. In 1796 he sold the Rückers reign to his cousin Karl von Stillfried. After the reorganization of Prussia, Rückers belonged to the province of Silesia from 1815 and was incorporated into the district of Glatz from 1816–1945 . In 1827 Leopold Karl Moritz von Hochberg acquired Rücker's rule. Between 1832 and 1838 he had the dilapidated fort converted into Waldstein Castle . He built the Waldstein glassworks near the castle , around which a settlement emerged that formed the basis for the Waldstein manor district and the later rural community of Walddorf . Rückers remained in the possession of the Counts of Hochberg until 1842, which was followed by a number of other owners.

In 1874 the district of Rückers was formed, to which, in addition to Rückers, the rural communities Hartau, Utschendorf and Walddorf as well as the manor districts of Rückers and Waldstein belonged. In 1939 there were 4503 residents in Rückers.

As a result of the Second World War , like almost all of Silesia , Rückers came to Poland and was renamed Szczytna . With a few exceptions, the German population was expelled. Some of the newly settled residents were displaced from eastern Poland . Szczytna became the seat of a glass technical school and was given the status of a town-like settlement in 1960, which was granted town charter in 1973. Until 1975 it belonged to the Wrocław Voivodeship and then until 1998 to the Wałbrzych Voivodeship (German Waldenburg ).

Economic development

The inhabitants of Rückers were mainly craftsmen. The wood from the mountain forests was processed in a sawmill, and the water power of the Weistritz and the flowing Steinbach drove grinding mills. There was a brewery in the village. In addition, the Rückers area has been a preferred location for glassworks and glass processing workshops since ancient times. The glassworks of Gläsendorf is documented for the 15th century. From 1770 Friedrichsgrund developed into an important location for the glass industry, and in 1840 the then landlord, Major Karl Leopold Moritz von Hochberg, built the Waldstein glassworks , which belonged to the rural community of Walddorf . There were glass processing companies in Hartau and Gläsendorf. With the railway connection at Bad Reinerz , which reached Rückers in 1890, the further development of the glass industry was significantly promoted.

Crystal glass foundry

Around 1870 a glass grinding shop was established in Rückers, which was later acquired by Ferdinand Rohrbach and Carl Böhme and expanded to include a glassworks in 1895. In 1897 it was entered in the commercial register under the name "Krystallglas-Hüttenwerke Rückers F. Rohrbach und Carl Böhme KG ". In 1911 Wilhelm Knittel, owner of the porcelain and crystal shop of the same name in Breslau, joined F. Rohrbach und Carl Böhme KG as a personally liable partner . After the other shareholders left, Wilhelm Knittel took over the remaining shares on September 1, 1931. In 1933 the company expanded its production facilities by opening another glassworks in Rückers and a branch in Bad Reinerz . Artfully cut crystal glass was produced under the trademark “Glassblower” and delivered to many European countries as well as South Africa and South America. 24 in-house residential buildings were built for the employees. In 1939, 857 people were employed. After Wilhelm Knittel's death in 1939, the company was run by his older son until it was expropriated in 1946. After the transition to Poland, the company was nationalized and, after modernization measures in 1960, it operated under the name "Huta Szkła Gospodarczego Sudety". Since 1959 the glass artist Zbigniew Horbowy was employed, as well as Stefan Sadowski. In addition to glassware for everyday use, laboratory glassware is also manufactured.

Attractions

Parish Church of St. John the Baptist in Rückers (Szczytna)
Waldstein Castle in Rückers (Szczytna)
  • The parish church of St. John the Baptist was built in 1721–1723 and expanded in 1907–1909. The architectural main altar with the figures of St. Johannes Baptist, Johannes Nepomuk, Elisabeth, Zacharias and Antonius come from the 2nd half of the 18th century. The angel and Joseph altar in the apse and the pulpit with the evangelist figures were created by Michael Klahr the Elder. Ä. around 1730.
  • Marian column in front of the church from 1724
  • Baroque rectory from 1746
  • Nepomuk statue from 1711 (at the junction to Polanica-Zdrój)
  • Waldstein Castle : The design for the four - wing neo - Gothic castle with corner towers, which is surrounded by walls and battlements , comes from Karl Friedrich Schinkel . It was built from 1832 to 1838 and rebuilt from 1892 to 1893. The furnishings of the chapel and the knight's hall from 1893 have been preserved.

Districts

The following formerly independent villages belong to the city of Szczytna as districts:

local community

The localities belong to the urban and rural municipality of Szczytna

Twin cities

Personalities

literature

  • Dehio Handbook of Art Monuments in Poland: Silesia. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-422-03109-X , p. 902.
  • Peter Güttler: The Glatzer Land. A travel guide to the landscape, art and culture of the Kłodzko Mountains / Ziemia Kłodzka in Silesia. Aktion West-Ost eV, Düsseldorf 1995, ISBN 3-928508-03-2 , pp. 95-96.
  • Joseph Kögler : The chronicles of the county Glatz. Revised and edited by Dieter Pohl . Volume 2: The parish and town chronicles of Glatz - Habelschwerdt - Reinerz with the associated villages. Pohl, Modautal 1993, ISBN 3-927830-09-7 , pp. 258-259 ( historical sources of the county of Glatz. Series A: Ortsgeschichte NF 2).
  • Joseph Kögler: The chronicles of the county Glatz. Revised and edited by Dieter Pohl. Volume 3: The chronicles of the villages, parishes and manors of the old district of Glatz. Pohl, Modautal 1998, ISBN 3-927830-09-7 , pp. 417-422 ( historical sources of the county of Glatz. Series A: Ortsgeschichte NF 3).
  • Václav Šplichal, Jaroslav Šůla: Bedřichovsko-kaiserwaldský sklářský okruh . In: Kladský sborník 5, 2003, ISSN  1212-1223 , pp. 137-138.
  • Maria Tatus: Parish Church of St. John the Baptist, Rückers, Glatz district. In: Groffschoaftersch Häämtebärnla. Yearbook 2006, pp. 95-101.
  • Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , pp. 453-454.
  • Dietmar Zoedler : Silesian glass - Silesian glasses. History and stories. Bergstadtverlag Korn, Würzburg 1996, ISBN 3-87057-208-6 .

Web links

Commons : Szczytna  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .